Myelin Water Fraction in Human Cervical Spinal Cord In Vivo
Abstract
The noninvasive discrimination of myelin disease from axonal loss and other pathologic confounds remains an unsolved problem in multiple sclerosis but may be possible through magnetic resonance quantitation of the intramyelinic water compartment. Technical challenges have limited the study of this approach in the spinal cord, a common site of involvement in multiple sclerosis. This technical note reports the test-retest reproducibility of a short T2-based estimate of myelin content in human spinal cord in vivo.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Myelin water is virtually invisible in diffusion MRI due to very short T2.
“Myelin water is virtually invisible in diffusion MRI due to very short T2.45”
From Neurite dispersion: a new marker of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology? (2017) · cites this paper as [45]
Cites
In vivo visualization of myelin water in brain by magnetic resonance
MacKay, A. L., Whittall, K. P., Adler, J., Li, D. K. B., Paty, D. W., & Graeb, D. A. (1994) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910310614 · Cited by 916 · see citing works
In vivo measurement of T 2 distributions and water contents in normal human brain
Whittall, K. P., MacKay, A. L., Graeb, D. A., Nugent, R. A., Li, D. K. B., & Paty, D. W. (1997) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910370107 · Cited by 796 · see citing works
Quantitative interpretation of NMR relaxation data
Whittall, K. P., & MacKay, A. L. (1989) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) · doi:10.1016/0022-2364(89)90011-5 · Cited by 633 · see citing works
On standardizing the MR image intensity scale
Ny�l, L. G., & Udupa, J. K. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199912)42:6 · Cited by 567 · see citing works
Practical T2 quantitation for clinical applications
Poon, C. S., & Henkelman, R. M. (1992) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.1880020512 · Cited by 396 · see citing works
Water content and myelin water fraction in multiple sclerosis
Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Moore, G. R. W., Oger, J. J.-F., Li, D. K. B., Paty, D. W., & MacKay, A. L. (2004) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-004-0306-6 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Compensation for pulse imperfections in NMR spin-echo experiments
Levitt, M. H., & Freeman, R. (1981) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969) · doi:10.1016/0022-2364(81)90082-2 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Kim, S., Rostrup, E., Larsson, H. B. W., Ogawa, S., & Paulson, O. B. (1999) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/(sici)1522-2594(199906)41:6 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Is multicomponent T2 a good measure of myelin content in peripheral nerve?
Webb, S., Munro, C. A., Midha, R., & Stanisz, G. J. (2003) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10411 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Stewart, W. A., MacKay, A. L., Whittall, K. P., Moore, G. R. W., & Paty, D. W. (1993) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.1910290608 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Characterization of tissue damage in multiple sclerosis by nuclear magnetic resonance
Barkhof, F., & van Walderveen, M. A. A. (1999) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.1999.0511 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Linear combination of multiecho data: Short T2 component selection
Jones, C. K., Xiang, Q., Whittall, K. P., & MacKay, A. L. (2004) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.10713 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Chapter 25 Remyelination and restoration of axonal function by glial cell transplantation
Zhang, S., & Duncan, I. D. (2000) · Progress in brain research · doi:10.1016/s0079-6123(00)27026-x · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationBonk, R. T., Schmiedl, U. P., Yuan, C., Nelson, J. A., BLACK, C. D. V., & Ladd, D. L. (2000) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/1522-2586(200006)11:6 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Myelin water imaging of multiple sclerosis at 7 T: Correlations with histopathology
Laule, C., Kozłowski, P., Leung, E., Li, D. K. B., MacKay, A. L., & Moore, G. R. W. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.12.008 · Cited by 379 · see citing works
The current state-of-the-art of spinal cord imaging: Methods
Stroman, P. W., Wheeler‐Kingshott, C. A. M. G., Bacon, M., Schwab, J. M., Bosma, R. L., Brooks, J. C. W., Cadotte, D. W., Carlstedt, T. P., Ciccarelli, O., Cohen‐Adad, J., et al. (2013) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2013.04.124 · Cited by 332 · see citing works
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Myelin
Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Kolind, S. H., Li, D. K. B., Traboulsee, T. L., Moore, G. R. W., & MacKay, A. L. (2007) · Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.nurt.2007.05.004 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Neurite dispersion: a new marker of multiple sclerosis spinal cord pathology?
Grussu, F., Schneider, T., Tur, C., Yates, R. L., Tachrount, M., Ianuş, A., Yiannakas, M. C., Newcombe, J., Zhang, H., Alexander, D. C., et al. (2017) · Annals of Clinical and Translational Neurology · doi:10.1002/acn3.445 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
“Myelin water is virtually invisible in diffusion MRI due to very short T2.”
BackgroundMagnetic Resonance of Myelin Water: An in vivo Marker for Myelin
MacKay, A. L., & Laule, C. (2016) · Brain Plasticity · doi:10.3233/bpl-160033 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
Practical medical applications of quantitative MR relaxometry
Cheng, H. M., Stikov, N., Ghugre, N. R., & Wright, G. A. (2012) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.23718 · Cited by 238 · see citing works
Neurite imaging reveals microstructural variations in human cerebral cortical gray matter
Fukutomi, H., Glasser, M. F., Zhang, H., Autio, J. A., Coalson, T. S., Okada, T., Togashi, K., Van Essen, D. C., & Hayashi, T. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.02.017 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Martin, A. R., Aleksanderek, I., Cohen‐Adad, J., Tarmohamed, Z., Tetreault, L. A., Smith, N., Cadotte, D. W., Crawley, A. P., Ginsberg, H. J., Mikulis, D. J., et al. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.11.019 · Cited by 234 · see citing works
Myelin quantification with MRI: A systematic review of accuracy and reproducibility
van der Weijden, C. W. J., García, D. V., Borra, R., Thurner, P., Meilof, J., van Laar, P. V., Dierckx, R., Gutmann, I. W., & de Vries, E. D. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117561 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Characterizing White Matter Damage in Rat Spinal Cord with Quantitative MRI and Histology
Kozlowski, P., Raj, D., Liu, J., Lam, C., Yung, A. C., & Tetzlaff, W. (2008) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2007.0462 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
McCreary, C. R., Bjarnason, T. A., Skihar, V., Mitchell, J. R., Yong, V. W., & Dunn, J. F. (2009) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2008.12.071 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Quantitative myelin imaging with MRI and PET: an overview of techniques and their validation status
van der Weijden, C. W. J., Biondetti, E., Gutmann, I. W., Dijkstra, H., McKerchar, R., Faria, D. D. P., de Vries, E. F. J., Meilof, J. F., Dierckx, R., Prévost, V., et al. (2022) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/awac436 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
MR Relaxation in Multiple Sclerosis
MacKay, A. L., Vavasour, I. M., Rauscher, A., Kolind, S., Mädler, B., Moore, G. R. W., Traboulsee, A. L., Li, D. K. B., & Laule, C. (2008) · Neuroimaging Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.nic.2008.09.007 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Myelin water imaging to detect demyelination and remyelination and its validation in pathology
Laule, C., & Moore, G. R. W. (2018) · Brain Pathology · doi:10.1111/bpa.12645 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Comparison of myelin water fraction from multiecho T2 decay curve and steady‐state methods
Zhang, J., Kolind, S., Laule, C., & MacKay, A. L. (2014) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.25125 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Myelin water imaging: Implementation and development at 3.0T and comparison to 1.5T measurements
Kolind, S., Mädler, B., Fischer, S., Li, D. K. B., & MacKay, A. L. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21966 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Long T2 water in multiple sclerosis: What else can we learn from multi-echo T2 relaxation?
Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Kolind, S., Traboulsee, A. L., Moore, G. R. W., Li, D. K. B., & MacKay, A. L. (2007) · Journal of Neurology · doi:10.1007/s00415-007-0595-7 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Two-year study of cervical cord volume and myelin water in primary progressive multiple sclerosis
Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Zhao, Y., Traboulsee, A. L., Oger, J. J.-F., Vavasour, J., MacKay, A. L., & Li, D. (2010) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458510365586 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Meyers, S. M., Vavasour, I. M., Mädler, B., Harris, T., Fu, E., Li, D. K. B., Traboulsee, A. L., MacKay, A. L., & Laule, C. (2013) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.24106 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Meyers, S. M., Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Kolind, S., Mädler, B., Tam, R. C., Traboulsee, A. L., Lee, J., Li, D. K. B., & MacKay, A. L. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2009.02.001 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Dynamic tractography: Integrating cortico-cortical evoked potentials and diffusion imaging
Silverstein, B. H., Asano, E., Sugiura, A., Sonoda, M., Lee, M., & Jeong, J. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116763 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
High‐resolution myelin water measurements in rat spinal cord
Kozłowski, P., Liu, J., Yung, A. C., & Tetzlaff, W. (2008) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21527 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
MR evidence of long T2 water in pathological white matter
Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Mädler, B., Kolind, S., Sirrs, S. M., Brief, E., Traboulsee, A. L., Moore, G. R. W., Li, D. K. B., & MacKay, A. L. (2007) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.21132 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Brain and cord myelin water imaging: a progressive multiple sclerosis biomarker
Kolind, S., Seddigh, A., Combes, A. J. E., Russell‐Schulz, B., Tam, R. C., Yogendrakumar, V., Deoni, S., Sibtain, N. A., Traboulsee, A. L., Williams, S., et al. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.10.002 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Microstructural imaging in the spinal cord and validation strategies
Cohen-Adad, J. (2018) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.04.009 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Velumian, A. A., Samoilova, M., & Fehlings, M. G. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.11.022 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Myelin water measurement in the spinal cord
Minty, E. P., Bjarnason, T. A., Laule, C., & MacKay, A. L. (2009) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.21936 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Reproducibility of in vivo magnetic resonance imaging–based measurement of myelin water
Levesque, I. R., Chia, C. L. L., & Pike, G. B. (2010) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.22170 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Kolind, S. H., Laule, C., Vavasour, I. M., Li, D. K. B., Traboulsee, A. L., Mädler, B., Moore, G. R. W., & MacKay, A. L. (2008) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.11.033 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Rapid three‐dimensional multicomponent relaxation imaging of the cervical spinal cord
Kolind, S., & Deoni, S. (2010) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.22634 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
High-resolution myelin water imaging in post-mortem multiple sclerosis spinal cord: A case report
Laule, C., Yung, A. C., Pavolva, V., Bohnet, B., Kozłowski, P., Hashimoto, S. A., Yip, S. S. F., Li, D. K. B., & Moore, G. W. (2016) · Multiple Sclerosis Journal · doi:10.1177/1352458515624559 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
MacMillan, E. L., Mädler, B., Fichtner, N., Dvorak, M. F., Li, D. K. B., Curt, A. E. P., & MacKay, A. L. (2010) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.076 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Skinner, M. G., Kolind, S., & MacKay, A. L. (2007) · Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1016/j.mri.2006.09.046 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Modeling white matter microstructure
Duval, T. (2016) · Functional Neurology · doi:10.11138/fneur/2016.31.4.217 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Rapid myelin water imaging in human cervical spinal cord
Ljungberg, E., Vavasour, I. M., Tam, R. C., Yoo, Y., Rauscher, A., Li, D. K. B., Traboulsee, A. L., MacKay, A. L., & Kolind, S. (2016) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.26551 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Scan–rescan of axcaliber, macromolecular tissue volume, and g‐ratio in the spinal cord
Duval, T., Smith, V., Stikov, N., Klawiter, E. C., & Cohen‐Adad, J. (2017) · Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · doi:10.1002/mrm.26945 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Measuring the Absolute Water Content of the Brain Using Quantitative MRI
Shah, N. J., Ermer, V., & Oros‐Peusquens, A. (2010) · Methods in molecular biology · doi:10.1007/978-1-61737-992-5_3 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Rapid myelin water imaging for the assessment of cervical spinal cord myelin damage
Dvorak, A. V., Ljungberg, E., Vavasour, I. M., Liu, H., Johnson, P., Rauscher, A., Kramer, J. L. K., Tam, R. C., Li, D. K. B., Laule, C., et al. (2019) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101896 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Changes in T2 Relaxation Times Associated with Maturation of the Human Intervertebral Disk
Krueger, E. C., Perry, J. O., Wu, Y., & Haughton, V. M. (2007) · American Journal of Neuroradiology · doi:10.3174/ajnr.a0546 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Self-citationUtility of MRI in Quantifying Tissue Injury in Cervical Spondylotic Myelopathy
Khan, A. F., Haynes, G., Mohammadi, E., Muhammad, F., Hameed, S., & Smith, Z. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12093337 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Temporal phase correction of multiple echo T2 magnetic resonance images
Bjarnason, T. A., Laule, C., Bluman, J., & Kozłowski, P. (2013) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1016/j.jmr.2013.02.019 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Mapping the rest of the human connectome: Atlasing the spinal cord and peripheral nervous system
Andrei Irimia, A., & Horn, J. D. V. (2020) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117478 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pain and spinal cord imaging measures in children with demyelinating disease
Barakat, N., Gorman, M., Benson, L., Becerra, L. R., & Borsook, D. (2015) · NeuroImage Clinical · doi:10.1016/j.nicl.2015.08.019 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
MacKay, A. L., & Laule, C. (1996) · Encyclopedia of Magnetic Resonance · doi:10.1002/9780470034590.emrstm1270 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Imaging Considerations in Spinal Cord Evaluation
Shea, A., Kuo, A. H., & Hsu, L. (2021) · Seminars in Neurology · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725969 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Laule, C., & MacKay, A. L. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396973-6.00013-7 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Oliviero, S., & Gratta, C. D. (2021) · Magnetic Resonance Materials in Physics Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1007/s10334-020-00899-5 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Levesque, I. R. (2009) · eScholarship@McGill (McGill) · doi:10.82308/33389 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Inflammatory Demyelinating Diseases
Pirko, I., & Guttmann, C. R. G. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-396973-6.00002-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Micro-anatomical characterization of central white matter using magnetic resonance imaging.
Dula, A. N. (2008) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Stechishin, O. D. M., Heran, M. K. S., Shewchuk, J. R., Vertinsky, A. T., & Laule, C. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-99906-3_3
- Authors
- Wu, Y., Alexander, A. L., Fleming, J. O., Duncan, I. D., & Field, A. S.
- Affiliations
- University of Wisconsin–Madison (US)
- University of Wisconsin System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Wu, Yijing
- Alexander, Andrew L.
- Venue
- Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography
- Published
- 2006-03
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 304-306
- ISSN
- 0363-8715 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1987980783
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 14
- Citations by year
- 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 3.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- myelin water fraction, cervical spinal cord, multiple sclerosis, myelin diseases, axonal loss, T2-weighted MRI, test-retest reproducibility, in vivo MRI
- MeSH terms
- Algorithms, Body Water, Cervical Vertebrae, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Myelin Sheath, Spinal Cord, Reproducibility of Results
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review