Cited by 233Exercise and Physiological ResponsesMuscle metabolism and nutritionSports Performance and Training

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Influence of mode and carbohydrate on the cytokine response to heavy exertion

NIEMAN, DAVID C., NEHLSEN-CANNARELLA, SANDRA L., FAGOAGA, OMAR R., HENSON, DRU A., UTTER, ALAN, DAVIS, J. MARK, WILLIAMS, FRANKLIN, BUTTERWORTH, DIANE E.·1998·Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise

DOI 10.1097/00005768-199805000-00005

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE AND METHODS: This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was designed to determine the influence of exercise mode and 6% carbohydrate (C) versus placebo (P) beverage ingestion, on blood cell counts, plasma glucose, hormone, and inflammatory cytokine responses (five total samples over 9 h) to 2.5 h of high-intensity running and cycling (approximately 75% VO2max) by 10 triathletes who acted as their own controls. Statistical significance was set at P < or = 0.05. RESULTS: C relative to P ingestion (but not exercise mode) was associated with higher plasma levels of glucose and insulin, lower plasma cortisol and growth hormone, and diminished perturbation in blood immune cell counts. The pattern of change over time for interleukin (IL)-6 was significantly different between C and P conditions (P = 0.021) and between running and cycling modes (P < 0.001), with the lowest postexercise values seen in the C-cycling sessions (10.7 +/- 1.8 pg x mL(-1)) and the highest in the P-running sessions (51.6 +/- 14.2 pg x mL(-1)). The pattern of change over time between C and P conditions (but not modes) was significantly different for IL-1 receptor antagonist (P = 0.003), with values once again lowest for the C-cycling sessions (1.5 h postexercise, 301 +/- 114 pg x mL(-1)) and highest for the P-running sessions (1171 +/- 439 pg x mL(-1)). CONCLUSION: These data indicate that carbohydrate versus placebo ingestion (4 mL x kg(-1) carbohydrate or placebo every 15 min of the 2.5-h exercise bout) is associated with higher plasma glucose levels, an attenuated cortisol response, and a diminished pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine response.

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Authors: NIEMAN, D. C., NEHLSEN-CANNARELLA, S. L., FAGOAGA, O. R., HENSON, D. A., UTTER, A., DAVIS, J. M., WILLIAMS, F., & BUTTERWORTH, D. E.
Affiliations: Loma Linda University Medical Center (US)
ORCID: NIEMAN, DAVID C.
Venue: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 1998-05
Volume: 30
Issue: 5
Pages: 671-678
ISSN: 0195-9131 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/00005768-199805000-00005
OpenAlex: W1988501271
Cited by: 233
References: 24
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 16.25
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Exercise and Physiological Responses
Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Muscle metabolism and nutrition
Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Sports Performance and Training
Keywords: carbohydrate intake, exercise mode, high-intensity running, cycling, heavy exercise, inflammatory cytokines, interleukin-6, interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, cortisol, insulin, plasma glucose, immune cell counts, triathletes, exercise immunology
MeSH terms: Adult, Beverages, Bicycling, Blood Glucose, Carbohydrates, Double-Blind Method, Female, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Male, Middle Aged, Physical Endurance, Running, Cytokines

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Influence of mode and carbohydrate on the cytokine response to heavy exertion

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