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Shared Values: Impact On Staff Nurse Job Satisfaction And Perceived Productivity
Abstract
A nationwide study on the impact of shared values on staff nurse job satisfaction and perceived productivity was done in 24 hospitals under different auspices, some of which were also Magnet Hospitals. Data were obtained from a 25% random sample of the staff nurse population (N = 2,336), 58% of the head nurse group, 65% of the clinical experts, and 66% of the top management. Staff nurses and clinical experts had more value congruence than did staff nurses and head nurses. A significant inverse correlation was found between value congruence and nurse job satisfaction and quality care. Explanations of the finding center on recent role changes for both staff nurses and head nurses, power differential, and evolving clarity of the staff nurse role. A serendipitious finding was that staff nurses reported fewer factors as important to their job satisfaction and perceived environment conducive to quality patient care than did other members of the nursing department. However, factors important to staff nurses were very important.
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Validity and reliability of the Turkish version of the Essentials of Magnetism Scale (EOM II)
Yıldırım, D., Kısa, S., & Hisar, F. (2012) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/j.1466-7657.2012.01007.x · Cited by 10
“These hospitals were termed ‘magnet hospitals’ for their ability both to attract and retain nursing staff (Cohen 2006; Kramer & Hafner 1989; Lacey et al. 2006; Schmalenberg & Kramer 2008).”
BackgroundHospital Magnético, Hospital Excelente
Alonso, S. R. L. (2004) · Index de Enfermería · doi:10.4321/s1132-12962004000100001 · Cited by 8
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Measuring hospital staff nurses perception on quality of the professional practice environment
de Brouwer, B. J. M., Fingal, C., Schoonhoven, L., et al. (2017) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.13291 · Cited by 8
Issues involved in introducing the 12-hour shift
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Gaskin, C. J., O’Brien, A. P., & Hardy, D. J. (2003) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1447-0349.2003.t01-4-.x · Cited by 8
“In research aimed at identifying ‘magnet hospitals’, Kramer and Hafner (1989) developed the 65-item Nursing Work Index (NWI) that provided nurse-rated measures of clinical practice and patient outcomes.”
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Mindfulness Bundle Toolkit’s Impact on Nurse Burnout
Bazan, G. N., Patterson, T., Sawyer, K., Kamau, D. W., Bradberry, M., Grissman, C., Mihandoust, S., Hernández‐Rivas, J. M., Stennett, C. R., & Long, J. D. (2025) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2025260 · Cited by 7
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“The Nursing Work Index was first developed by Kramer and Hafner in 1989 and contained 65 items [47].”
MethodThe Blurring of Attractive Work Practices Across Health Care Sectors
Rodwell, J., & Demir, D. (2013) · Public Personnel Management · doi:10.1177/0091026013496076 · Cited by 7
“…because it is based on previous efforts surrounding the original and subsequent Magnet hospital research (e.g., Aiken & Patrician, 2000; Aiken, Sloane, & Lake, 1997; Kramer & Hafner, 1989; McClure et al., 1983) and was developed as a measure focused on nursing practice from the nurses’ perspective.”
Assessing Magnet Readiness Using the Nursing Work Index-Revised Survey
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The Association Between Nursing Work Environment and Evidence‐Based Practice
Lana, A., Fernández‐Arce, L., González‐García, M., Fernández‐Iglesias, R., Díaz, E. A., & Feito, A. F. (2025) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/wvn.70082 · Cited by 7
“…work environment was assessed using the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), a 31-item scale developed by Lake (2002) in 2002 from two previous instruments: the NWI, developed by Kramer and Hafner (1989), and the revised NWI, proposed by Aiken and Patrician (2000).”
Development, Reliability, and Validity of a Work Environment Scale for Visiting Nurses
Kamimoto, T., & Onishi, M. (2023) · Journal of Japan Academy of Nursing Science · doi:10.5630/jans.43.143 · Cited by 6
Nelson, J. W., Vrbnjak, D., Thomas, P. L., Gözüm, S., de Barros, A. L. B. L., & Itzhaki, M. (2022) · International Nursing Review · doi:10.1111/inr.12770 · Cited by 6
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Rashid, M., Boyle, D. K., & Crosser, M. (2014) · Critical Care Nursing Quarterly · doi:10.1097/cnq.0000000000000033 · Cited by 6
“Yet other scales help measure autonomy, leadership, communication, coordination, problem solving, conflict management, team cohesiveness and other organizational context traits that characterize practice environments (4, 16-21).”
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泰子, 緒., みどり, 永., みどり, 西., et al. (2010) · doi:10.11303/jsha.47.69 · Cited by 6
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“Among the tools developed to assess work conditions of nurses, one of the first developed and internationally well-known indexes is the Nursing Work Index, originally designed by Kramer and Hafner (25).”
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Vitale, E., & Chang, Y. (2024) · Risk Management and Healthcare Policy · doi:10.2147/rmhp.s448083 · Cited by 4
Critical Analysis of 2 Nurse Perception Instruments
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“The PES-NWI is a modification of the original Nursing Work Index (NWI) developed by Kramer and Hafner.9 The NWI was based on the original Magnet hospital characteristics described by McClure et al.10 The original NWI contained 65 items and was designed to measure attributes of Magnet hospitals, including recruitment a…”
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Bogaert, P. V., & Franck, E. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-69063-2_13 · Cited by 4
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“Subscale alphas range from .894 to .928 (Kramer & Hafner, 1989); however, constructs such as autonomy, which was found to be important for CRNA organizational climate (Boyd & Poghosyan, in press), are not measured by this tool.”
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“There is considerable evidence spanning two decades to show the success of magnet hospitals, in attracting and retaining nursing staff (Kramer 1990; Kramer and Hafner 1989; Kramer and Schmalenberg 1988a; 1988b; McClure et al 1983).”
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Quinn, L. W. (2013) · ScholarlyCommons (University of Pennsylvania) · Cited by 4
Jackson, M. M. (1999) · Nursing Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0029-6465(22)02391-x · Cited by 4
Investigating and Measuring Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist Organizational Climate
Boyd, D. R. (2017) · doi:10.7916/d8445s76 · Cited by 4
Staff Nurse Perceptions of Nurse Manager Behaviors that Influence Job Satisfaction
Feather, R. A. (2012) · ProQuest Demo Repository · doi:10.7912/c2/1256 · Cited by 4
Antecedents of control over nursing practice
Weston, M. J. (2006) · UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona) · Cited by 4
The professional practice environment : hospital nurses' perspectives in three European countries
Hinno, S. (2012) · UEF eRepo (University of Eastern Finland) · Cited by 4
Modernizing Measure of the Nurse Work Environment
Campbell, C. M., Li, P., Warshawsky, N. E., Swiger, P. A., Olds, D. M., Cramer, E., & Patrician, P. A. (2023) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/01939459231194132 · Cited by 3
Ogata, Y., Sasaki, M., Morioka, N., Moriwaki, M., Yonekura, Y., & Lake, E. T. (2024) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2023-0184 · Cited by 3
“The Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI) 11) is one of these tools; it was developed based on the Nursing Work Index (NWI) 12) and translated into many languages and used in various countries.”
MethodThompson, D. C. (2014) · Cited by 3
泰子, 緒., みどり, 永., 敬, 福., et al. (2011) · 日本公衆衛生雑誌 · doi:10.11236/jph.58.6_409 · Cited by 3
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Bring me my alcohol!—On the continuum of pleasure and pain
Christiansen, R., & Nielsen, A. S. (2022) · Nursing Philosophy · doi:10.1111/nup.12403 · Cited by 3
Damatov, M., Kagan, I., & Livshiz‐Riven, I. (2025) · Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1007/s10389-025-02471-8 · Cited by 2
“The teamwork variable was measured using the Revised Nursing Work Index (Aiken and Patrician 2000), which is derived from a previous version (Kramer and Hafner 1989) and has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument (Warshawsky and Havens 2011).”
Limitations of Hospital Ward Quality Monitoring Reporting in Australia: A Discussion Paper
Xu, X., Lu, L., Burton, T., et al. (2011) · ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) · Cited by 2
Rich, R. K., Jimenez, F. E., Bohacek, C., Moore, A., Heithoff, A. J., Conley, D. M., & Brittin, J. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0258815 · Cited by 2
“Scales derived from the NWI, such as the widely-used Practice Environment [6], measure the structure of the work environments rather than nurse practice.”
BackgroundWorkload of Home Health Care Nurses in Japan
Ogawa‐Ochiai, K. (2008) · OhioLink ETD Center (Ohio Library and Information Network) · Cited by 2
Establishing a Measurement Tool for a Nursing Work Environment in Taiwan
Lin, L.-C., Lee, H., & Yen, M. (2017) · Research and theory for nursing practice · doi:10.1891/1541-6577.31.1.75 · Cited by 2
“Kramer and Hafner (1989) developed the Nursing Work Index (NWI), which is a tool for assessing the nursing work environment; it examines five factors by using 65 items.”
BackgroundMethodDevelopment and Validation of a Scale to Measure Nurse/Medical Resident Physician Collaboration
Amour, B. S., & DeHart, W. B. (2020) · HCA Healthcare Journal of Medicine · doi:10.36518/2689-0216.1022 · Cited by 2
Patient Safety: A Multi-Climate Approach to the Nursing Work Environment: A Dissertation
Weatherford, B. (2011) · The Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) Network (American Medical Association) · doi:10.13028/7sha-vz86 · Cited by 2
“The scale was derived from the original Nursing Work Index (Kramer & Hafner, 1989) which utilized Donabedian’s framework (1988) to describe the interactions of organizational structure, process and outcomes.”
MethodXu, X. (2015) · Victoria University Research Repository (Victoria University) · Cited by 2
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“이처럼 간호업무환경이 간호사의 이직과 환자 간호 성과에 서 차지하는 중요성에 대한 인식을 바탕으로(Hanrahan, Aiken, McClaine, & Hanlon, 2010) 미국은 1970년대 심각한 간호사 부족 현상을 겪으면서 당시 비교적 성공적으로 간호사 를 유치하고 있는 병원을 대상으로 병원 업무환경을 조사하였 고(Kramer & Hafner, 1989), 이들 병원이 가진 매력적인 기 관 특성들을 제시하였다.”
Jalali, A., Sharifi, A., Babaei, K., Moradi, K., Karimi, J., Moradi, L., & Moradi, K. (2026) · Critical Public Health · doi:10.1080/09581596.2026.2683748 · Cited by 1
Public health nurses’ perceptions of the professional practice environment in New Zealand
Carryer, J., Hansen, C., & Budge, C. R. (2008) · Primary Health Care Research & Development · doi:10.1017/s1463423608000698 · Cited by 1
“Kramer and Hafner (1989) developed an instrument, the Nursing Work Index (NWI), to measure the organizational attributes of these successful professional practice environments.”
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Cortelyou-Ward, K. H. (2007) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · Cited by 1
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Nursing Work Index-R の因子分析からみえる看護師が望む看護労働環境
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データマイニングを用いた看護師の離職要因の検討―ベッドコントロール・職場環境・職務満足度の視点から―
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2007 FACTORS INFLUENCING THE ADOPTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE INNOVATIONS
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“The most commonly used questionnaires to measure the perceived nursing work environment is the original Individual Workload Perception Scale (IWPS) [12] consisting of 46 items, the Individual Workload Perceptions Scale-Revised (IWPS-R) [13] consisting of 29 items, the Nursing Work Index [14], and the Perceived Nursing…”
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Exploring the Prevalence of Horizontal Violence in Nursing Between Magnet and non-Magnet Hospitals
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Organizational Context, Shared Governance Structure and Outcomes in Veteran Affairs Hospitals
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「職場の『働きやすさ』評価尺度-病院スタッフ看護師用-」の開発
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Validation of the Adams Influence Model (AIM)
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Metadata
- Authors
- KRAMER, M., & HAFNER, L. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Venue
- Nursing Research
- Published
- 1989-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 172???177
- ISSN
- 0029-6562 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044427363
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e940462f3ce758a76551a862081807f35d128a3
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 22.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- shared values, value congruence, staff nurses, nursing satisfaction, perceived productivity, Magnet hospitals, nursing leadership, nurse managers, clinical experts, power imbalance, quality of care, organizational values
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Efficiency, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Nurse Administrators, Nurse Clinicians, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Nursing, Supervisory, Quality of Health Care, Sampling Studies, Social Values, Nursing Administration Research
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