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Shared Values: Impact On Staff Nurse Job Satisfaction And Perceived Productivity
Abstract
A nationwide study on the impact of shared values on staff nurse job satisfaction and perceived productivity was done in 24 hospitals under different auspices, some of which were also Magnet Hospitals. Data were obtained from a 25% random sample of the staff nurse population (N = 2,336), 58% of the head nurse group, 65% of the clinical experts, and 66% of the top management. Staff nurses and clinical experts had more value congruence than did staff nurses and head nurses. A significant inverse correlation was found between value congruence and nurse job satisfaction and quality care. Explanations of the finding center on recent role changes for both staff nurses and head nurses, power differential, and evolving clarity of the staff nurse role. A serendipitious finding was that staff nurses reported fewer factors as important to their job satisfaction and perceived environment conducive to quality patient care than did other members of the nursing department. However, factors important to staff nurses were very important.
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Development of the practice environment scale of the nursing work index†‡
Lake, E. T. (2002) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.10032 · Cited by 1,769
“The first sample, selected and surveyed in 1985–1986 by Kramer and Hafner (1989), was a 25% random sample of nurses in 16 magnet hospitals and eight nonmagnet hospitals ( N ¼ 2,336).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialNurse Burnout and Patient Satisfaction
Vahey, D. C., Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., Clarke, S. P., & Vargas, D. (2004) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/01.mlr.0000109126.50398.5a · Cited by 977
Lower Medicare Mortality Among a Set of Hospitals Known for Good Nursing Care
Aiken, L. H., Smith, H. L., & Lake, E. T. (1994) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199408000-00002 · Cited by 809
Getting evidence into practice: the meaning of `context'
McCormack, B., Kitson, A., Harvey, G., Rycroft‐Malone, J., Titchen, A., & Seers, K. (2002) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2002.02150.x · Cited by 765
Measuring Organizational Traits of Hospitals: The Revised Nursing Work Index
Aiken, L. H., & Patrician, P. A. (2000) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200005000-00006 · Cited by 865
Nursing staffing, nursing workload, the work environment and patient outcomes
Duffield, C. M., Diers, D., O’Brien‐Pallas, L., Aisbett, C., Roche, M. A., King, M. T., & Aisbett, K. (2010) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2009.12.004 · Cited by 480
“A number of investigators have used the Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R; Aiken & Patrician, 2000; Kramer & Hafner, 1989) as a measure of the work environment.”
MethodLake, E. T., Sanders, J., Duan, R., Riman, K. A., Schoenauer, K. M., & Chen, Y. (2019) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/mlr.0000000000001109 · Cited by 424
Hospital Nurse Practice Environments and Outcomes for Surgical Oncology Patients
Friese, C. R., Lake, E. T., Aiken, L. H., Silber, J. H., & Sochalski, J. A. (2008) · Health Services Research · doi:10.1111/j.1475-6773.2007.00825.x · Cited by 391
Variations in Nursing Practice Environments
Lake, E. T., & Friese, C. R. (2006) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200601000-00001 · Cited by 354
“The sample of 16 original magnet hospitals selected and surveyed in 1985–1986 (Kramer & Hafner, 1989) represented 40% of the original magnets identified in 1982 (McClure et al., 1983).”
BackgroundReview of Magnet Hospital Research
Scott, J. G., Sochalski, J. A., & Aiken, L. H. (1999) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-199901000-00003 · Cited by 336
Impact and determinants of nurse turnover: a pan-Canadian study
O’Brien‐Pallas, L., Murphy, G. T., Shamian, J., LI, X., & Hayes, L. J. (2010) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01167.x · Cited by 374
Workplace Empowerment and Magnet Hospital Characteristics
Laschinger, H. K. S., Almost, J., & Tuer-Hodes, D. (2003) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200307000-00011 · Cited by 328
“These items were derived from organizational traits reported by magnet hospital staff nurses as being characteristic of their professional work environments.(40) Items were rated on a 4-point Likert scale and were summed and averaged to yield the 3 subscales.”
MethodThe Nursing Practice Environment
Lake, E. T. (2007) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558707299253 · Cited by 313
Nurse Outcomes in Magnet® and Non-Magnet Hospitals
Kelly, L. A., McHugh, M. D., & Aiken, L. H. (2011) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e31822eddbc · Cited by 305
Kirwan, M., Matthews, A., & Scott, P. A. (2012) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.020 · Cited by 336
Measurement of Organizational Culture and Climate in Healthcare
Gershon, R., Stone, P. W., Henry, S. B., & Larson, E. (2004) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200401000-00008 · Cited by 289
Relationships of Work and Practice Environment to Professional Burnout: Testing a Causal Model
Leiter, M. P., & Spence Laschinger, H. K. (2006) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200603000-00009 · Cited by 253
“The Nursing Work Index (NWI) was developed to assess nurses’ perceptions of professional practice environments (Kramer & Hafner, 1989; McClure, Poulin, Sovie, & Wandelt, 1983).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialStudying Outcomes of Organizational Change in Health Services
Aiken, L. H., Sochalski, J. A., & Lake, E. T. (1997) · Medical Care · doi:10.1097/00005650-199711001-00002 · Cited by 251
Global Use of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index
Warshawsky, N. E., & Havens, D. S. (2010) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0b013e3181ffa79c · Cited by 249
“In other studies (Chiang & Lin, 2008; Gunnarsdottir et al., 2009; Hanrahan, 2007), however, additional items found in the NWI (Kramer & Hafner, 1989) and NWI-R (Aiken & Patrician, 2000), but not in the PES-NWI, were included, such as the following: nursing staff are supported in pursuing degrees in…”
BackgroundMethodVan Bogaert, P., Kowalski, C., Weeks, S. M., Van heusden, D., & Clarke, S. P. (2013) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2013.05.010 · Cited by 323
A content analysis of staff nurse descriptions of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction
McNeese‐Smith, D. K. (1999) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.1999.01018.x · Cited by 236
Cho, E., Choi, M., Kim, E. Y., Yoo, I. Y., & Lee, N. (2011) · Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing · doi:10.4040/jkan.2011.41.3.325 · Cited by 223
Shaping Systems to Promote Desired Outcomes
Havens, D. S., & Aiken, L. H. (1999) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-199902000-00006 · Cited by 221
Hospital restructuring: does it adversely affect care and outcomes?
Aiken, L., Clarke, S. P., & Sloane, D. (2000) · Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200010000-00003 · Cited by 283
Stalpers, D., de Brouwer, B. J. M., Kaljouw, M. J., & Schuurmans, M. J. (2015) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2015.01.005 · Cited by 207
“Since then, several studies have focused on the measurement of nursing work environments, for example the Nursing Work Index (Kramer and Hafner, 1989), the Practice Environment Scale (Lake, 2002) and the Essentials of Magnetism (Kramer and Schmalenberg, 2004).”
BackgroundThe Magnet Nursing Services Recognition Program
Aiken, L. H., Havens, D. S., & Sloane, D. M. (2000) · AJN American Journal of Nursing · doi:10.1097/00000446-200003000-00040 · Cited by 205
Essentials of a Productive Nurse Work Environment
Schmalenberg, C. E., & Kramer, M. (2008) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/01.nnr.0000280657.04008.2a · Cited by 201
“An initial attempt to measure the attributes of an excellent staff nurse work environment began with the 1984 development of the 65-item Nursing Work Index (NWI; Kramer & Hafner, 1989).”
BackgroundMethodSelf-citationVariations in nursing care quality across hospitals
Lucero, R. J., Lake, E. T., & Aiken, L. H. (2009) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2009.05090.x · Cited by 188
“N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript N IH -PA Author M anuscript Table 1 Distribution of Nursing Organization Characteristics Variable Mean (SD) Median Range Nurse Staffing† 6.3 (1.7) 6.0 3.4–17.6 BSN-MIX (%)†† 35.0…”
MethodInfluentialDevelopment and Evaluation of Essentials of Magnetism Tool
Kramer, M., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2004) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200407000-00010 · Cited by 165
“In 2002, CNEs identified the “quality of nursing leadership” as the most essential organizational characteristic of magnetism,(17) whereas staff nurses during a 20-year period consistently identified clinically competent co-workers as the factor of most importance.(2,6,7,23,32) The other attributes identified by CNEs…”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialSelf-citationViews of job satisfaction and dissatisfaction in Australian long‐term care
Moyle, W., Skinner, J., Rowe, G., & Gork, C. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2702.2003.00732.x · Cited by 161
Work environment and job satisfaction among nurses in government tertiary hospitals in Nigeria
Akinwale, O. E., & George, O. J. (2020) · Rajagiri Management Journal · doi:10.1108/ramj-01-2020-0002 · Cited by 160
Exploring the key predictors of retention in emergency nurses
Sawatzky, J. V., & Enns, C. (2012) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01355.x · Cited by 146
Assessing Differences in Job Satisfaction of Nurses in Magnet and Nonmagnet Hospitals
Upenieks, V. V. (2002) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200211000-00004 · Cited by 146
“The higher the scores, the more satisfied nurses are considered to be,due to the presence of key organizational structures in the work setting.(16) For the purpose of this study, 3 additional subscales were designed to assess more thoroughly differences in scores related to hospital structures: self-governance, organi…”
BackgroundMethodThe relationship between UK hospital nurse staffing and emotional exhaustion and job dissatisfaction
Sheward, L., Hunt, J., Hagen, S., MacLeod, M., & Ball, J. (2004) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2004.00460.x · Cited by 145
Handling healthcare workforce planning with care: where do we stand?
Amorim‐Lopes, M., Almeida, Á. S., & Almada‐Lobo, B. (2015) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/s12960-015-0028-0 · Cited by 143
“Taking another route to reach the same goal, one study tries to undercover job satisfaction indicators and perceived productivity in 24 hospitals for a staff nurse population [66].”
BackgroundMagnet Hospital Nurses Describe Control Over Nursing Practice
Kramer, M., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2003) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945903025004008 · Cited by 146
“…practice has consistently been reported in the magnet hospital literature (Aiken, Sloane, & Lake, 1996; Aiken, Smith, & Lake, 1994; Buchan, 1999; Havens & Aiken, 1999; Kramer & Hafner, 1989; Kramer & Schmalenberg, 1988a, 1988b, 1993; Kramer, Schmalenberg, & Hafner, 1989; Laschinger & Havens, 1996).”
Self-citationCHOI, S. P.-P., Cheung, K., & Pang, S. (2012) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2012.01415.x · Cited by 136
Measuring the hospital practice environment: A Canadian context
Estabrooks, C. A., Tourangeau, A. E., Humphrey, C., Hesketh, K. L., Giovannetti, P., Thomson, D., Wong, J., Acorn, S., Clarke, H. F., & Shamian, J. (2002) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.10043 · Cited by 137
Perceived Nursing Work Environment of Critical Care Nurses
Choi, J., Henry, S. B., Larson, E., Du, Y. E., & Stone, P. W. (2004) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200411000-00005 · Cited by 132
“The Nursing Work Index (NWI) was developed during the 1980s to investigate nurses’ job satisfaction and ability to provide quality care in magnet hospitals (Kramer & Hafner, 1989).”
BackgroundEffects of Specialization and Client Differentiation on the Status of Nurses: The Case of AIDS
Aiken, L. H., & Sloane, D. M. (1997) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.2307/2955367 · Cited by 131
Confirmation of a Healthy Work Environment
Kramer, M., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2008) · Critical Care Nurse · doi:10.4037/ccn2008.28.2.56 · Cited by 130
“In this article, we consistently use “healthy” as defined in the AACN Standards for Establishing and Sustaining Healthy Work Environments4 and in our original construction of the Nursing Work Index.10 Healthy means productive, Marlene Kramer, RN, PhD Claudia Schmalenberg, RN, MSN Confirmation of a Healthy Work Environ…”
BackgroundSelf-citationBogaert, P. V., Clarke, S. P., Vermeyen, K. M., Meulemans, H., & de Heyning, P. V. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.07.009 · Cited by 128
“The Nursing Work Index was originally designed to assess work environment issues related to job satisfaction and ability to provide quality care, based on the findings of early Magnet Hospital research (Kramer and Hafner, 1989).”
BackgroundRegan, S., Laschinger, H. K. S., & Wong, C. A. (2016) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12288 · Cited by 174
“…and being supportive of professional nursing practice, were studied extensively and thought to reflect characteristics that made for a ‘good place to work’, including strong and visible nursing leadership and nurse autonomy and responsibility for patient care (Kramer & Hafner 1989, Lake 2002).”
BackgroundStudy of managerial job satisfaction in Hong Kong’s Chinese restaurants
Lam, T., Baum, T. G., & Pine, R. (2001) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/09596110110365634 · Cited by 123
Nurse Practice Environments and Outcomes: Implications for Oncology Nursing
Friese, C. R. (2005) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/05.onf.765-772 · Cited by 120
“The PES-NWI is derived from the Nursing Work Index (NWI), a 48-item questionnaire that measures the presence of particular organizational attributes in a nurse’s work setting (Aiken & Patrician, 2000; Kramer & Hafner, 1989).”
MethodBetter Nurse Autonomy Decreases the Odds of 30‐Day Mortality and Failure to Rescue
Rao, A., Kumar, A., & McHugh, M. D. (2016) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12267 · Cited by 119
“The original NWI was developed based on findings from early Magnet hospital research (Kramer & Hafner, 1989); the NWI-R is composed of 55 items assessing the presence or absence of factors that characterize unit or institutional features related to the professional work environment (Aiken &…”
Kwak, C., Chung, B. Y., Xu, Y., & Eun-Jung, C. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.02.014 · Cited by 117
“The original NWI was developed from the research on magnet hospitals in the United States (Kramer and Hafner, 1989) and used in the PRNS after its revision (Aiken et al.”
MethodCho, E., Lee, H., Choi, M., Park, S. H., Yoo, I. Y., & Aiken, L. H. (2012) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.07.009 · Cited by 116
“The PES-NWI is composed of 31 items in 5 subscales (nurse participation in hospital Int J Nurs Stud.”
MethodBudge, C. R., Carryer, J., & Wood, S. (2003) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2648.2003.02615.x · Cited by 112
Clinical nurses in Magnet hospitals confirm productive, healthy unit work environments
Kramer, M., Maguire, P., & Brewer, B. B. (2011) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2834.2010.01211.x · Cited by 109
“In the earliest empirical causal model study of nurse work environments, Kramer and Hafner (1989) demonstrated that over 80% of nurse job satisfaction, attraction and retention resulted from productivity of quality care – the four outcomes used in the nomination and identification of the original Magnet hospitals (McC…”
BackgroundSelf-citationTransformative impact of Magnet designation: England case study
Aiken, L. H., Buchan, J., Ball, J., & Rafferty, A. M. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02640.x · Cited by 108
Quality of Care, Nurse Staffing, and Patient Outcomes
Sochalski, J. A. (2001) · Policy Politics & Nursing Practice · doi:10.1177/152715440100200103 · Cited by 105
Hospital organisation and outcomes.
Aiken, L. H., Sloane, D. M., & Sochalski, J. A. (1998) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/qshc.7.4.222 · Cited by 101
Measuring and managing the work environment of the mid-level provider – the neglected human resource
McAuliffe, É., Bowie, C., Manafa, O., Maseko, F., MacLachlan, M., Hevey, D., Normand, C. E. M., & Chirwa, M. L. (2009) · Human Resources for Health · doi:10.1186/1478-4491-7-13 · Cited by 100
“Several studies have shown the link between these organizational attributes and job satisfaction [13-15], burnout [16], retention and recruitment [12, 17 ], decreased mortality and healthier staff [15].”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialFoley, B. J., Kee, C. C., Minick, P., Harvey, S. S., & Jennings, B. M. (2002) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200205000-00007 · Cited by 99
Boev, C. (2012) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2012.01466.x · Cited by 95
Healthy Work Environments and Staff Nurse Retention
Blake, N. T., Leach, L. S., Robbins, W., Pike, N. A., & Needleman, J. (2013) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/naq.0b013e3182a2fa47 · Cited by 94
Professional autonomy of nurses in hospital settings – a review of the literature
Varjus, S.-L., Leino‐Kilpi, H., & Suominen, T. (2010) · Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1471-6712.2010.00819.x · Cited by 93
Work environment issues and intention-to-leave in Portuguese nurses: A cross-sectional study
Leone, C., Bruyneel, L., Anderson, J. E., Murrells, T., Dussault, G., de Jesus, E. H., Sermeus, W., Aiken, L. H., & Rafferty, A. M. (2015) · Health Policy · doi:10.1016/j.healthpol.2015.09.006 · Cited by 90
Nine Structures and Leadership Practices Essential for a Magnetic (Healthy) Work Environment
Kramer, M., Schmalenberg, C. E., & Maguire, P. (2010) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/naq.0b013e3181c95ef4 · Cited by 88
Self-citationUnit Type Differences in RN Workgroup Job Satisfaction
Boyle, D. K., Miller, P. A., Gajewski, B. J., Hart, S., & Dunton, N. E. (2006) · Western Journal of Nursing Research · doi:10.1177/0193945906289506 · Cited by 88
“Nursing workgroup and organizational influence on job satisfaction have been recognized by Kramer and Hafner (1989), L. H. Aiken and Patrician (2000), and Lake (2002) in development of the Nursing Work Index and its subsequent revisions, the Revised Nursing Work Index 628 Ta bl e 1 D es cr ip ti…”
BackgroundLi, Y., Lake, E. T., Sales, A. E., Sharp, N. D., Greiner, G. T., Lowy, E., Liu, C., Mitchell, P. H., & Sochalski, J. A. (2007) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20172 · Cited by 85
“Kramer and Hafner (1989) designed the NWI to be an all-inclusive list of factors having a bearing on staff nurse job satisfaction and perceived productivity, defined as the perception of an environment conducive to quality nursing care.”
BackgroundMethodNurses' Ratings of Their Health and Professional Work Environments
Tucker, S., Harris, M. R., Pipe, T. B., & Stevens, S. R. (2010) · AAOHN Journal · doi:10.3928/08910162-20100526-03 · Cited by 92
Heath, J., Johanson, W., & Blake, N. T. (2004) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200411000-00009 · Cited by 86
Kramer, M., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2005) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/00006216-200507000-00013 · Cited by 90
Self-citationRN work engagement in generational cohorts: the view from rural US hospitals
Havens, D. S., Warshawsky, N. E., & Vasey, J. J. (2013) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12171 · Cited by 85
Development and Psychometric Evaluation of the Professional Practice Environment (PPE) Scale
Erickson, J. I., Duffy, M. E., Gibbons, M., et al. (2004) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2004.04050.x · Cited by 83
Numminen, O., Leino‐Kilpi, H., Isoaho, H., & Meretoja, R. (2015) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/jnu.12153 · Cited by 82
Linking the work environment to missed nursing care in labour and delivery
Lake, E. T., French, R., O’Rourke, K. M., Sanders, J., & Srinivas, S. K. (2019) · Journal of Nursing Management · doi:10.1111/jonm.12856 · Cited by 81
“A commonly used instrument to measure the NWE is the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index (PES-NWI), developed in 2002 (Lake, 2002) from the Nursing Work Index (Kramer & Hafner, 1989).”
MethodInfluentialTorrente, S. G., Pericás‐Beltrán, J., Bennasar‐Veny, M., Adrover-Barceló, R., Morales‐Asencio, J. M., & de Pedro‐Gómez, J. E. (2012) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/1472-6963-12-227 · Cited by 73
“But there is a paucity of studies analysing these factors in the PHC context, even though the increasing concern about disseminating knowledge in this environment [14, 28, 31].”
BackgroundMethodThe Practice of Clinical Autonomy in Hospitals: 20 000 Nurses Tell Their Story
Kramer, M., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2008) · Critical Care Nurse · doi:10.4037/ccn2008.28.6.58 · Cited by 73
Self-citationTypes of Intensive Care Units With the Healthiest, Most Productive Work Environments
Schmalenberg, C. E., & Kramer, M. (2007) · American Journal of Critical Care · doi:10.4037/ajcc2007.16.5.458 · Cited by 73
Self-citationValidation of the Brazilian version of the Nursing Work Index‐Revised (B‐NWI‐R)
Gasparino, R. C., Guirardello, E. D. B., & Aiken, L. H. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2011.03776.x · Cited by 71
El‐Jardali, F., Alameddine, M. S., Dumit, N. Y., Dimassi, H. I., Jamal, D., & Maalouf, S. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2010.07.009 · Cited by 69
Nurse-Physician Teamwork in the Emergency Department
Ajeigbe, D. O., McNeese-Smith, D., Leach, L. S., & Phillips, L. R. (2013) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e318283dc23 · Cited by 9
Tervo‐Heikkinen, T., Partanen, P., Aalto, P., et al. (2008) · International Journal of Nursing Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1440-172x.2008.00707.x · Cited by 68
Hallmarks of the professional nursing practice environment
American Association of Colleges of Nursing (2002) · Journal of Professional Nursing · doi:10.1053/jpnu.2002.129231 · Cited by 68
Choi, S. P.-P., Pang, S. M., Cheung, K., & Wong, T. K.-S. (2011) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.03.005 · Cited by 67
“These comprise several well-known instruments such as the Nursing Work Index (NWI) (Kramer and Hafner, 1989) , the Revised Nursing Work Index (NWI-R) (Aiken and Patrician, 2000) , the Practice Environment Scale (PES) (Lake, 2002) , and the Perceived Nursing Work Environment (PNWE) instrument (Choi et al., 2004) .”
MethodPsychometric Evaluation of the Revised Professional Practice Environment (RPPE) Scale
Erickson, J. I., Duffy, M. E., Ditomassi, M., & Jones, D. A. (2009) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e3181a23d14 · Cited by 69
Magnet Hospital attributes in European hospitals: A multilevel model of job satisfaction
Chen, Y., & Johantgen, M. E. (2010) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.016 · Cited by 66
“Many researchers employed diverse measurement tools to capture nurses’ perception of the attributes of magnetism, such as Nursing Work Index (NWI) (Kramer and Hafner, 1989) and its derived tools such as revised NWI (NWI-R) (Aiken and Patrician, 2000), Practice Environment Scale (PES-NWI) (Lake, 2002), Perceived Nursin…”
BackgroundKramer, M., Maguire, P., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2006) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/00005110-200610000-00009 · Cited by 65
Self-citationFuentelsaz‐Gallego, C., Moreno‐Casbas, T., & González‐María, E. (2012) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2012.08.001 · Cited by 64
Suhonen, R., Stolt, M., Gustafsson, M., Katajisto, J., & Charalambous, A. (2013) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/jan.12297 · Cited by 66
“…and clinical practice because it is associated with staff outcomes (Lake 2007, Rathert & May 2007), nursing shortages, intention to leave the profession, job satisfaction (Kramer & Hafner 1989), care quality (Kramer & Hafner 1989, Lake 2007) and patient outcomes (McGillis Hall & Doran 2004).”
BackgroundClinical Units With the Healthiest Work Environments
Schmalenberg, C. E., & Kramer, M. (2008) · Critical Care Nurse · doi:10.4037/ccn2008.28.3.65 · Cited by 62
Self-citationIs the Nursing Work Index Measuring Up?
Cummings, G. G., Hayduk, L. A., & Estabrooks, C. A. (2006) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/00006199-200603000-00003 · Cited by 62
“Internal alpha reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s) for each subscale ranged from .89 to .93 (Kramer & Hafner, 1989).”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialKvist, T. A., Mäntynen, R., Partanen, P., et al. (2012) · Nursing Research and Practice · doi:10.1155/2012/210509 · Cited by 60
“The most well-known instruments are the Index of Work Satisfaction [36], the McCloskey and Mueller Satisfaction Scale [37], the Nursing Work Index [35, 38], the Nursing Work Index-Revised [39], the Practice Environment Scale-Nursing Work Index [40], and the Perceived Nursing Work Environment [41].”
MethodA Comparison of the Nursing Practice Environment in Mental Health and Medical‐Surgical Settings
Roche, M. A., & Duffield, C. M. (2010) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2010.01348.x · Cited by 59
Roche, M. A., Duffield, C. M., & White, E. G. (2011) · International Journal of Nursing Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2011.07.001 · Cited by 59
“It was derived from the Revised Nursing Work Index (Aiken and Patrician, 2000), which was in turn developed from earlier work in the United States (Kramer and Hafner, 1989).”
MethodMeasuring nurses’ perception of work environment: a scoping review of questionnaires
Norman, R. M., & Sjetne, I. S. (2017) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-017-0256-9 · Cited by 60
“It was first developed in the USA for hospital registered nurses in 1989 [12], and there are several versions adapted and revised for different settings and different contexts [13–16].”
BackgroundIs there a relationship between job satisfaction and absenteeism?
Matrunola, P. (1996) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.1996.tb00057.x · Cited by 59
Does International Nurse Recruitment Influence Practice Values in U.S. Hospitals?
Flynn, L. T., & Aiken, L. H. (2002) · Journal of Nursing Scholarship · doi:10.1111/j.1547-5069.2002.00067.x · Cited by 57
Content validity of the Spanish version of the Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index
Orts‐Cortés, M. I., Moreno‐Casbas, T., Squires, A. P., et al. (2013) · Applied Nursing Research · doi:10.1016/j.apnr.2013.08.006 · Cited by 55
Hospital Restructuring: Does it Adversely Affect Care and Outcomes?
Aiken, L. H., Clarke, S. P., & Sloane, D. M. (2001) · Journal of Health and Human Services Administration · doi:10.1177/107937390102300403 · Cited by 55
Kramer, M., Halfer, D., Maguire, P., & Schmalenberg, C. E. (2012) · JONA The Journal of Nursing Administration · doi:10.1097/nna.0b013e31824808e3 · Cited by 54
“Comprehensiveness and accuracy of each NWI item were verified by 3 of the 4 original Magnet hospital researchers.(21) Another common way of defining and measuring healthy, productive work environments is by equating them with nurse job satisfaction.”
MethodSelf-citationThe Culture of Nursing Engagement
Fasoli, D. R. (2010) · Nursing Administration Quarterly · doi:10.1097/naq.0b013e3181c95e7a · Cited by 54
An Exploration of the Factor Structure of the Nursing Work Index
Slater, P. F., & McCormack, B. G. (2007) · Worldviews on Evidence-Based Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1741-6787.2007.00076.x · Cited by 54
Nursing staff turnover at a Swedish university hospital: an exploratory study
Sellgren, S. F., Kajermo, K. N., Ekvall, G., & Tomson, G. B. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2702.2008.02770.x · Cited by 54
The Culture of Caring: AIDS and the Nursing Profession
Fox, R. C., Aiken, L. H., Messikomer, C., et al. (1990) · Milbank Quarterly · doi:10.2307/3350052 · Cited by 54
Relationships among the nurse work environment, self‐nurturance and life satisfaction
Nemcek, M. A., & James, G. D. (2007) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04309.x · Cited by 52
“The identified organizational Magnet features were found to reduce nurse burnout (Aiken & Sloane 1997a), improve safety (Aiken et al. 1997), and increase job satisfaction (Kramer & Hafner 1989).”
BackgroundMethodJob satisfaction amongst nurses in an interim secure forensic unit in Wales
Burnard, P., Morrison, P., & Phillips, C. J. (1999) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1046/j.1440-0979.1999.00125.x · Cited by 52
Metadata
- Authors
- KRAMER, M., & HAFNER, L. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Nevada, Reno (US)
- Venue
- Nursing Research
- Published
- 1989-05
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 172???177
- ISSN
- 0029-6562 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044427363
- Semantic Scholar
- 4e940462f3ce758a76551a862081807f35d128a3
- Cited by
- 313
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 20
- FWCI
- 22.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Research and Theory › Nursing education and management
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Leadership and Management › Healthcare Education and Workforce Issues
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Keywords
- shared values, value congruence, staff nurses, nursing satisfaction, perceived productivity, Magnet hospitals, nursing leadership, nurse managers, clinical experts, power imbalance, quality of care, organizational values
- MeSH terms
- Analysis of Variance, Efficiency, Humans, Job Satisfaction, Nurse Administrators, Nurse Clinicians, Nursing Staff, Hospital, Nursing, Supervisory, Quality of Health Care, Sampling Studies, Social Values, Nursing Administration Research
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