The DOI matches its Crossref record; 61 of the 61 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Responses to Laboratory Psychosocial Stress in Postpartum Women
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: Lactation has been associated with attenuated hormonal responses to exercise stress in humans. This study was designed to determine the effect of lactation on hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, autonomic nervous system, and anxiety responses to psychological stress. METHOD: The Trier Social Stress Test was administered to 24 lactating women, 13 postpartum nonlactating women, and 14 healthy control women in the early follicular phase of the menstrual cycle. Lactating women were stressed at least 40 minutes after last feeding their infant. RESULTS: ACTH, cortisol, heart rate, diastolic blood pressure, systolic blood pressure, and subjective anxiety ratings were all significantly increased in response to the psychological stress (all p <.0001). There were no differences among the three groups in any of these responses to the stress. However, postpartum nonlactating women did have a persistently higher systolic blood pressure and lower cardiac vagal tone than the lactating women and control subjects. In addition, the typical negative correlation between cardiac vagal tone and heart rate was consistently higher in lactating women than nonlactating postpartum women and controls, which suggests stronger vagal control of heart rate in lactating women. In addition, there was no change in oxytocin or allopregnanolone in response to the stress, and baseline oxytocin and allopregnanolone levels did not differ among the three groups. CONCLUSIONS: These results indicate that physiological and subjective responses to social stress are not attenuated in lactating women tested at least one hour after feeding their infant. However, enhanced vagal control of cardiac reactivity was observed in lactating women. In addition, postpartum women who did not lactate showed evidence of increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic nervous system tone.
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“Measurable increases in plasma OT elicited by breast-feeding (Altemus, Deuster, Galliven, Carter, & Gold, 1995; Altemus et al., 2001; Carter, Altemus, & Chrousos, 2001) make breast- and formula-feeding mothers an attractive comparison for investigations of OT correlates of psychosocial states and reactivity.”
From An investigation of plasma and salivary oxytocin responses in breast- and formula-feeding mothers of infants (2010) · cites this paper as Altemus et al., 2001
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Kirschbaum, C., Pirke, K.-M., & Hellhammer, D. H. (2008) · Neuropsychobiology · doi:10.1159/000119004 · Cited by 6,093
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Principles of psychophysiology : physical, social, and inferential elements
Cacioppo, J. T., & Tassinary, L. G. (1990) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · Cited by 780
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Circulating Levels of Allopregnanolone in Humans: Gender, Age, and Endocrine Influences
Genazzani, A. R., Petraglia, F., Bernardi, F., Casarosa, E., Salvestroni, C., Tonetti, A., Nappi, R. E., Luisi, S. V., Palumbo, M. A., Purdy, R. H., et al. (1998) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.83.6.4905 · Cited by 392
Suppression of hypothalmic-pituitary-adrenal axis responses to stress in lactating women
Altemus, M. M., Deuster, P. A., Galliven, E., Carter, C. S., & Gold, P. W. (1995) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.80.10.7559880 · Cited by 383
Self-citationRichard, P., Moos, F., & Freund-Mercier, M. J. (1991) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.1991.71.2.331 · Cited by 379 · cited 1×
“However, peripheral administration of oxytocin to rats causes long-lasting reductions in blood pressure (48, 49), which suggests that lactation may contribute to the relatively decreased blood pressure in lactating compared with nonlactating mothers, despite similar oxytocin levels at the start of the laboratory stres…”
BackgroundParasympathetic control of the heart
Levy, M. N., & Pj, M. (1984) · Unknown eBooks · Cited by 376
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Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Altemus, 1995, J Clin Endo Metab, 80, 2954
- Izzo, 1999, Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol, 26, 221
- Seeman, 1994, Endocrine Rev, 15, 233
- Komesaroff, 1999, J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 84, 606
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Dickerson, S. S., & Kemeny, M. E. (2004) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.130.3.355 · Cited by 5,881
Heinrichs, M., Baumgartner, T., Kirschbaum, C., & Ehlert, U. (2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00465-7 · Cited by 2,091
The effects of sex and hormonal status on the physiological response to acute psychosocial stress
Kajantie, E., & Phillips, D. I. W. (2006) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2005.07.002 · Cited by 1,035
Kudielka, B. M., Hellhammer, D. H., & Wüst, S. (2009) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2008.10.004 · Cited by 963
Oxytocin, vasopressin, and human social behavior
Heinrichs, M., von Dawans, B., & Domes, G. (2009) · Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.yfrne.2009.05.005 · Cited by 799
Metadata
- Authors
- Altemus, M., Redwine, L. S., Leong, Y.-M., Frye, C. A., Porges, S. W., & Sue Carter, C.
- Affiliations
- Cornell University (US)
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Altemus, Margaret
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2001-09
- Volume
- 63
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 814-821
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993744946
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 61
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 3.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k05mh001050-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (K05-MH 01050)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Breastfeeding Practices and Influences
- Keywords
- lactation, postpartum women, psychosocial stress, Trier Social Stress Test, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, ACTH, cortisol, heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac vagal tone, autonomic nervous system, anxiety, oxytocin, allopregnanolone, infant feeding
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Affect, Analysis of Variance, Autonomic Nervous System, Bottle Feeding, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hydrocortisone, Lactation, Oxytocin, Pregnanolone, Stress, Psychological, Case-Control Studies, Postpartum Period
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