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Test of an Interpersonal Model of Hypochondriasis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to test the interpersonal model of hypochondriasis proposed by Stuart and Noyes. According to this model, hypochondriasis is associated with insecure attachment that in adults gives rise to abnormal care-seeking behavior. Such behavior is associated with interpersonal difficulties and strained patient-physician relationships. METHODS: One hundred sixty-two patients attending a general medicine clinic were interviewed and asked to complete self-report measures. Instruments included the Whiteley Index of Hypochondriasis, Somatic Symptom Inventory, Relationship Scales Questionnaire, Inventory of Interpersonal Problems, NEO Five-Factor Index, and measures of physician-patient interaction. The Structured Diagnostic Interview for DSM-III-R Hypochondriasis was also administered. RESULTS: Hypochondriacal and somatic symptoms were positively correlated with all of the insecure attachment styles, especially the fearful style. These same symptoms were positively correlated with self-reported interpersonal problems and negatively correlated with patient ratings of satisfaction with, and reassurance from, medical care. Hypochondriacal and somatic symptoms were also positively correlated with neuroticism. CONCLUSIONS: The findings indicate that hypochondriacal patients are insecurely attached and have interpersonal problems that extend to and include the patient-physician relationship. These data support the proposed interpersonal model of hypochondriasis.
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“The other major theory of health anxiety is based on the interpersonal model [36]. This model proposes that anxious and insecure attachments derived from caregivers in early childhood leads to increased maladaptive care-seeking behaviours and reassurance seeking in adulthood [37].”
From Illness Anxiety Disorder: A Review of the Current Research and Future Directions (2024) · cites this paper as [37]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Noyes, R., Stuart, S. P., Langbehn, D. R., Happel, R. L., Longley, S. L., Muller, B. A., & Yagla, S. J.
- Affiliations
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey (US)
- Corresponding author
- Noyes, Russell
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2003-03
- Volume
- 65
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 292-300
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2040460215
- Cited by
- 130
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 2.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Keywords
- health anxiety, interpersonal model, insecure attachment, attachment styles, fearful attachment, somatic symptoms, care-seeking behavior, physician-patient relationship, interpersonal problems, neuroticism, patient satisfaction
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Female, Humans, Hypochondriasis, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Psychological, Object Attachment, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Personality Tests, Physician-Patient Relations, Surveys and Questionnaires
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