Neurostimulation System Used for Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS): MR Safety Issues and Implications of Failing to Follow Safety Recommendations
Abstract
The use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with neurostimulation systems used for deep brain stimulation requires the utmost care, and no individual should undergo an MR examination in the absence of empirical evidence that the procedure can be performed safely. The risks of performing MRI in patients with neurostimulators include those associated with heating, magnetic field interactions, induced currents, and the functional disruption of these devices. The exact safety recommendations for the particular neurostimulation system with regard to the pulse generator, leads, electrodes, operational conditions for the device, the positioning of these components, and the MR system conditions must be carefully followed for MRI. As highlighted by 2 recent accidents, the failure to strictly follow safety recommendations (eg, use a 1.5-T MR system with a send/receive head radiofrequency coil only; limit the specific absorption rate to 0.4 W/kg; etc.) may result in serious, temporary, or permanent injury to the patient including the possibility of transient dystonia, paralysis, coma, or even death.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Deep brain stimulation is suggested and demonstrated to activate or inhibit brain signals for neurological diseases such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, chronic pain, and major depression.
“Also, deep brain stimulation (DBS) is suggested and demonstrated to activate or inhibit brain signals for neurological disease such as Parkinson's disease, essential tremor, dystonia, chronic pain, and major depression.29,30”
From From flexible electronics technology in the era of IoT and artificial intelligence toward future implanted body sensor networks (2019) · cites this paper as [30]
Cites
Rezai, A. R., Finelli, D. A., Nyenhuis, J. A., et al. (2002) · Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging · doi:10.1002/jmri.10069 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Self-citationRezai, A. R., Lozano, A. M., Crawley, A. P., Joy, M. L. G., Davis, K. D., Kwan, C. L., Dostrovsky, J. O., Tasker, R. R., & Mikulis, D. J. (1999) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1999.90.3.0583 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Self-citationSpiegel, J., Fuss, G., Backens, M., et al. (2003) · Journal of neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.2003.99.4.0772 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
MR imaging-related heating of deep brain stimulation electrodes: in vitro study.
Finelli, D. A., Rezai, A. R., Ruggieri, P. M., et al. (2003) · PubMed · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging with Implanted Neurostimulators: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
Tronnier, V. M., Staubert, A., Hähnel, S., et al. (1999) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-199901000-00073 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Chronic thalamic stimulation with three-dimensional MR stereotactic guidance.
Dormont, D., Cornu, P., Pidoux, B., et al. (1997) · PubMed · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Deep brain stimulation for psychiatric disorders
Nuttin, B., Gybels, J., Cosyns, P. R., Gabriëls, L. A., Meyerson, B. A., Andréewitch, S., Rasmussen, S. A., Greenberg, B. D., Friehs, G. M., Rezai, A. R., et al. (2003) · Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s1042-3680(03)00007-x · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationHeating Near Implanted Medical Devices by the MRI RF-magnetic Field
Nyenhuis, J. A., Kildishev, A. V., Athey, T. W., BOURLAND, J. D., Foster, K. S., & Graber, G. P. (1999) · IEEE International Magnetics Conference · doi:10.1109/intmag.1999.837338 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging and Deep Brain Stimulation
Uitti, R. J., Tsuboi, Y., Pooley, R. A., et al. (2002) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1227/01.neu.0000309118.55205.e6 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Heating near implanted medical devices by the MRI RF-magnetic field
Nyenhuis, J. A., Kildishev, A. V., BOURLAND, J. D., et al. (1999) · IEEE Transactions on Magnetics · doi:10.1109/20.800779 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Self-citationMagnetic Resonance Imaging and Deep Brain Stimulation
Uitti, R. J., Tsuboi, Y., Pooley, R. A., et al. (2002) · Neurosurgery · doi:10.1097/00006123-200212000-00012 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Neurostimulation and functional brain imaging
Zonenshayn, M., Mogilner, A. Y., & Rezai, A. R. (2000) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2000.11740677 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Self-citationBrain stimulation: history, current clinical application, and future prospects
Mogilner, A. Y., & Rezai, A. R. (2003) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-7091-6081-7_24 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Self-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Deep brain stimulation for refractory obsessive-compulsive disorder
Abelson, J. L., Curtis, G. C., Sagher, O., Albucher, R. C., Harrigan, M., Taylor, S. F., Martis, B., & Giordani, B. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.11.042 · Cited by 522 · see citing works
Implantable devices: issues and challenges
Bazaka, K., & Jacob, M. (2012) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics2010001 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Deep Brain Stimulation Devices: A Brief Technical History and Review
Coffey, R. J. (2009) · Artificial Organs · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1594.2008.00620.x · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Lee, S., Shi, Q., & Lee, C. (2019) · APL Materials · doi:10.1063/1.5063498 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
- Authors
- Rezai, A. R., Phillips, M., Baker, K. B., Sharan, A. D., Nyenhuis, J., Tkach, J., Henderson, J., & Shellock, F. G.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Thomas Jefferson University (US)
- Purdue University West Lafayette (US)
- University of Southern California (US)
- Corresponding author
- Rezai, Ali R.
- Phillips, Michael
- Baker, Kenneth B.
- Tkach, Jean
- Henderson, Jaimie
- ORCID
- Venue
- Investigative Radiology
- Published
- 2004-05
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 300-303
- ISSN
- 0020-9996 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2063641219
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 13
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 12 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.53
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Investigative Radiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ns044575-03)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS44575-01)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Neurological disorders and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Keywords
- deep brain stimulation, MRI safety, implanted pulse generator, MRI-induced heating, magnetic field interaction, induced current, equipment failure, specific absorption rate, radiofrequency coils, dystonia, patient harm
- MeSH terms
- Brain Diseases, Electric Conductivity, Electrodes, Implanted, Electromagnetic Fields, Electric Stimulation Therapy, Equipment Safety, Hot Temperature, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Wounds and Injuries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
