Cited by 358Neuroscience and Neural EngineeringWireless Body Area NetworksCardiac pacing and defibrillation studies

Implantable devices: issues and challenges

Open access
Bazaka, Kateryna, Jacob, Mohan·2012·Electronics

Abstract

Ageing population and a multitude of neurological and cardiovascular illnesses that cannot be mitigated by medication alone have resulted in a significant growth in the number of patients that require implantable electronic devices. These range from sensors, gastric and cardiac pacemakers, cardioverter defibrillators, to deep brain, nerve, and bone stimulators. Long-term implants present specific engineering challenges, including low energy consumption and stable performance. Resorbable electronics may offer excellent short-term performance without the need for surgical removal. However, most electronic materials have poor bio- and cytocompatibility, resulting in immune reactions and infections. This paper reviews the current situation and highlights challenges for future advancements.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.3390/electronics2010001

Cites

172 of 172 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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  • High power density, constrained by size, is essential to avoid tissue damage and foreign body responses that can affect signal quality across central nervous system sensors over acute and chronic time frames.

    “High power density, constrained by size, is essential to avoid tissue damage and foreign body responses, which can further affect the signal quality across all central nervous system sensors over both acute and chronic time frames (Bazaka and Jacob, 2012; Kozai et al., 2015).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Bazaka and Jacob, 2012

  • Power harvesting in battery-less systems might disrupt high-frequency data signals.

    “For example, RF systems for charging may induce voltages in nearby data circuits, causing data loss or errors, while power harvesting in battery-less systems might disrupt high-frequency data signals (Bazaka and Jacob, 2012; Rahimpour et al., 2021; Won et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Bazaka and Jacob, 2012

  • RF systems for charging may induce voltages in nearby data circuits, causing data loss or errors.

    “For example, RF systems for charging may induce voltages in nearby data circuits, causing data loss or errors, while power harvesting in battery-less systems might disrupt high-frequency data signals (Bazaka and Jacob, 2012; Rahimpour et al., 2021; Won et al., 2021).”

    From Comparative analysis of energy transfer mechanisms for neural implants (2024) · cites this paper as Bazaka and Jacob, 2012

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Authors
Bazaka, K., & Jacob, M.
Affiliations
James Cook University (AU)
Corresponding author
Jacob, Mohan
Venue
Electronics
Publisher
MDPI AG
Published
2012-12-21
Volume
2
Issue
1
Pages
1-34
ISSN
2079-9292 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W1981860553
Cited by
358
References
172
Citations by year
2026: 19 · 2025: 42 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 35 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 40 · 2019: 26 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 4
FWCI
3.82
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Electronics (publishedVersion, cc-by)
  • QUT ePrints (Queensland University of Technology) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
  • ResearchOnline at James Cook University (James Cook University) (submittedVersion)
  • DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion)
  • ANU Open Research (Australian National University) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Wireless Body Area Networks
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
Keywords
implantable electronics, immune response, implant-associated infection, low energy consumption, long-term implant stability, cardiac pacemaker, cardioverter-defibrillator, deep brain stimulation, neurostimulation, bone stimulation, population aging

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