The DOI matches its Crossref record; 54 of the 54 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Incidence and Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia in Early Clinical Head Injury
Abstract
Antemortem demonstration of ischemia has proved elusive in head injury because regional CBF reductions may represent hypoperfusion appropriately coupled to hypometabolism. Fifteen patients underwent positron emission tomography within 24 hours of head injury to map cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral oxygen metabolism (CMRO2), and oxygen extraction fraction (OEF). We estimated the volume of ischemic brain (IBV) and used the standard deviation of the OEF distribution to estimate the efficiency of coupling between CBF and CMRO2. The IBV in patients was significantly higher than controls (67 ± 69 vs. 2 ± 3 mL; P < 0.01). The coexistence of relative ischemia and hyperemia in some patients implies mismatching of perfusion to oxygen use. Whereas the saturation of jugular bulb blood (SjO 2) correlated with the IBV ( r = 0.8, P < 0.01), SjO 2 values of 50% were only achieved at an IBV of 170 ± 63 mL (mean ± 95% CI), which equates to 13 ± 5% of the brain. Increases in IBV correlated with a poor Glasgow Outcome Score 6 months after injury (ρ = −0.6, P < 0.05). These results suggest significant ischemia within the first day after head injury. The ischemic burden represented by this “traumatic penumbra” is poorly detected by bedside clinical monitors and has significant associations with outcome.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
ASSESSMENT OF COMA AND IMPAIRED CONSCIOUSNESS
Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(74)91639-0 · Cited by 13,215
Co-Planar Stereotaxic Atlas of the Human Brain
Talairach, J., & Tournoux, P. (1988) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 11,798
Co-planar stereotaxic atlas of the human brain
Laitinen, L. (1989) · Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery · doi:10.1016/0303-8467(89)90128-5 · Cited by 7,565
ASSESSMENT OF OUTCOME AFTER SEVERE BRAIN DAMAGE A Practical Scale
JENNETT, B. (1975) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(75)92830-5 · Cited by 7,501
Kety, S. S., & Schmidt, C. F. (1948) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci101994 · Cited by 2,059
Nonlinear spatial normalization using basis functions
Ashburner, J., & Friston, K. J. (1999) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/(sici)1097-0193(1999)7:4<254::aid-hbm4>3.0.co;2-g · Cited by 1,884
Lack of Effect of Induction of Hypothermia after Acute Brain Injury
Clifton, G. L., Miller, E. R., Choi, S. C., Levin, H. S., McCauley, S., Smith, K. R., Muizelaar, J. P., Wagner, F. C., Marion, D. W., Luerssen, T. G., et al. (2001) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm200102223440803 · Cited by 1,382
A new classification of head injury based on computerized tomography
Marshall, L. F., Marshall, S. B., Klauber, M. R., Clark, M. V. B., Eisenberg, H. M., Jane, J. A., Luerssen, T. G., Marmarou, A., & Foulkes, M. A. (1991) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/sup.1991.75.1s.0s14 · Cited by 1,326
Frackowiak, R. S. J., Lenzi, G.-L., Jones, T., & Heather, J. D. (1980) · Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography · doi:10.1097/00004728-198012000-00001 · Cited by 1,242
Cerebral perfusion pressure: management protocol and clinical results
Rosner, M. J., Rosner, S. D., & Johnson, A. H. (1995) · Journal of Neurosurgery · doi:10.3171/jns.1995.83.6.0949 · Cited by 963
Cited by
Pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury
Werner, C., & Engelhard, K. (2007) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1093/bja/aem131 · Cited by 1,712
The molecular pathophysiology of concussive brain injury
Barkhoudarian, G., Hovda, D. A., & Giza, C. C. (2011) · Clinics in Sports Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.csm.2010.09.001 · Cited by 492
Traumatic brain injury: physiology, mechanisms, and outcome
Nortje, J., & Menon, D. K. (2004) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/00019052-200412000-00011 · Cited by 219
Self-citationSpreading depolarizations and late secondary insults after traumatic brain injury
Hartings, J. A., Strong, A. J., Fabricius, M., Manning, A., Bhatia, R., Dreier, J. P., Mazzeo, A. T., Tortella, F. C., & Bullock, M. R. (2009) · Journal of Neurotrauma · doi:10.1089/neu.2009.0961 · Cited by 196
Risdall, J. E., & Menon, D. K. (2011) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2010.0230 · Cited by 185
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Coles, J. P., Fryer, T. D., Smielewski, P., Chatfield, D. A., Steiner, L. A., Johnston, A. J., Downey, S. P. M. J., Williams, G. B., Aigbirhio, F., Hutchinson, P. J., Rice, K., Carpenter, T. A., Clark, J. C., Pickard, J. D., & Menon, D. K.
- Venue
- Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 202-211
- ISSN
- 0271-678X (ISSN-L)
- 1559-7016
- OpenAlex
- W1991870505
- Cited by
- 270
- References
- 54
- FWCI
- 9.49
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Incidence and Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia in Early Clinical Head Injury. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1097/01.wcb.0000103022.98348.24
- The paper
- Coles, J. P., Fryer, T. D., Smielewski, P., Chatfield, D. A., Steiner, L. A., Johnston, A. J., Downey, S. P. M. J., Williams, G. B., Aigbirhio, F., Hutchinson, P. J., Rice, K., Carpenter, T. A., Clark, J. C., Pickard, J. D., & Menon, D. K. (2004). Incidence and Mechanisms of Cerebral Ischemia in Early Clinical Head Injury. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.wcb.0000103022.98348.24
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
