An update on neuroimaging of multiple sclerosis
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The advent of magnetic resonance imaging provided a powerful tool for monitoring the dynamics of pathological changes in multiple sclerosis, but conventional approaches offer only limited information that is directly relevant to clinical progression. Continued developments of imaging methods and their use for diagnosis, monitoring pathology and understanding disease progression are reviewed here. RECENT FINDINGS: Magnetic resonance imaging is now well established as a clinical test for multiple sclerosis, but the specific ways in which imaging information should best be incorporated into diagnostic criteria are still debated. New data defining the substantial pathology in grey matter, regional variation in the progression of pathology and the relationship between the spatial distribution of pathological changes and symptoms are providing an increasingly compelling description of changes relevant to disability. Molecular-imaging approaches promise much more detailed descriptions. Functional magnetic resonance imaging, which suggests that adaptive functional changes could limit clinical expression of pathology, are providing further clues to the link between measures of pathology and disability. SUMMARY: New data further reinforce the view that pathology relevant to clinical progression of multiple sclerosis can be defined by imaging. A range of biologically more specific markers are becoming available using positron emission tomography, as well as magnetic resonance imaging.
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Increases in phasic activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons result in increased dopamine release at target sites, as inferred to occur in schizophrenia.
“An implication here, for which there is some evidence, 66 is that increases in the phasic activity of midbrain dopaminergic neurons will result in increased dopamine release at target sites, such as has been inferred to occur in patients with schizophrenia.67,68”
From Schizophrenia, myelination, and delayed corollary discharges: a hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as [68]
In mice, disrupting normal oligodendrocyte development by blocking Neuroregulin-1 signaling resulted in significantly increased levels of dopamine receptors and transporters in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, similar to those in patients with schizophrenia.
“the affected mice also showed significantly increased levels of dopamine receptors and transporters in the nucleus accumbens and striatum, similar to those exhibited by patients with schizophrenia.68”
From Schizophrenia, myelination, and delayed corollary discharges: a hypothesis (2012) · cites this paper as [68]
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- Authors
- Matthews, P. M.
- Affiliations
- John Radcliffe Hospital (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Matthews, Paul M
- ORCID
- Matthews, Paul M
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Neurology
- Published
- 2004-08
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 453-458
- ISSN
- 1350-7540 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984573060
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2019: 2
- FWCI
- 0.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Neurology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Multiple Sclerosis Society
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- multiple sclerosis, neuroimaging, magnetic resonance imaging, gray matter pathology, disease progression, disability, functional MRI, positron emission tomography, molecular imaging, diagnostic criteria
- MeSH terms
- Central Nervous System, Contrast Media, Diagnostic Imaging, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Multiple Sclerosis, Nerve Degeneration, Biomarkers
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