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The Additive Effect of Co-Occurring Anxiety and Depression on Health Status, Quality of Life and Coping Strategies in Help-Seeking Tinnitus Sufferers
Abstract
In Brief Objective: Evaluating the effect of anxiety and depression on clinical measures of general health, tinnitus-specific quality of life, and coping abilities. Design: Two hundred sixty-five chronic, subjective tinnitus sufferers were divided into four psychological symptom groups according to cut-off scores on anxiety and depression subscales of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale: (1) no-symptoms, (2) anxiety-only, (3) depression-only, and (4) anxiety-plus-depression. General health-related quality of life (SF-36), tinnitus-specific quality of life (tinnitus reaction questionnaire and tinnitus handicap inventory), and coping abilities (tinnitus coping style questionnaire) were assessed and analyzed across these four psychological symptom groups, which did not differ on age, gender, marital, and working status. Results: Statistically significant and clinically relevant differences on general health-related and tinnitus-specific quality of life and coping abilities were identified when comparing anxiety-plus-depression subgroup with the subgroups anxiety-only, depression-only, or no-symptoms. Highest associations were seen between the anxiety-plus-depression subgroup and impaired quality of life and maladaptive coping. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate the additive effect of both anxiety and depression in impairing general health-related and tinnitus-specific quality of life and application of coping strategies, and reiterate the need for investigating both symptoms in the clinical evaluation of tinnitus patients. This manuscript described the additional effect of anxiety and depression on generic health-related (SF-36) and tinnitus-specific (TRQ,THI) quality of life and coping abilities. Four psychological symptom groups were created of 265 chronic, subjective tinnitus sufferers, according to cut-off scores on anxiety and depression subscales of the HADS; 1) no-symptoms, 2) anxiety-only, 3) depression-only, 4) anxiety-plus-depression. This study demonstrated the additional effect of anxiety and depression in impairing general health-related and tinnitus-specific quality of life and effectiveness of coping. These results underline the need for investigating and treating both anxiety and depression symptoms in tinnitus patients.
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“Anxiety and depression are also co-present in 39.2% of patients with tinnitus, and this comorbidity appears to make a negative contribution to adverse outcomes in QoL 27 .”
From The effect of psychological inflexibility on health-related quality of life, depression, and anxiety in patients with chronic tinnitus without hearing loss (2023) · cites this paper as [27]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Bartels, H., Middel, B. L., van der Laan, B. F. A. M., Staal, M. J., & Albers, F. W. J.
- Affiliations
- University Medical Center Groningen (NL)
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Venue
- Ear & Hearing
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 29
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 947-956
- ISSN
- 0196-0202 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2047783885
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 2.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Ear and Hearing (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (publishedVersion)
- University of Groningen research database (University of Groningen / Centre for Information Technology) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Hearing, Cochlea, Tinnitus, Genetics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Speech and Hearing › Hearing Loss and Rehabilitation
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Noise Effects and Management
- Keywords
- tinnitus, anxiety, depression, comorbidities, health-related quality of life, coping strategies, maladaptive coping, chronic subjective tinnitus, help-seeking, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Affective Symptoms, Aged, Anxiety, Depression, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Quality of Life, Surveys and Questionnaires, Tinnitus, Multivariate Analysis, Logistic Models
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