Beyond apoptosis in lupus
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is characterized by autoantibodies directed against nuclear autoantigens normally concealed from immune recognition in healthy individuals. Here, we summarize recently identified mechanisms of abnormal cell death leading to exposure and aberrant processing of nucleoprotein self antigens, and discuss their role in the SLE pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: During the past few years, the unveiling of several new forms of cell death has expanded our understanding beyond the simple view of 'apoptotic' versus 'necrotic' cell death. SLE patients show abnormalities in cell death at several levels, including increased rates of apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy, as well as reduced clearance of dying cells. These abnormalities lead to an increased autoantigen burden and antigen modifications, such as nucleic acid oxidation that increases the inflammatory properties of self antigens. Recent investigations have highlighted the role of opsonins in determining the immunogenic versus tolerogenic characteristics of self antigens. SUMMARY: Dysregulation of different forms of programmed cell death contributes to increased exposure, availability, and immunogenic characteristics of intracellular self antigens, which all participate in development of lupus autoimmunity. As our understanding of abnormalities of cell death in SLE advances, potential therapeutic opportunities await human implementation.
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The causes of rheumatic diseases are largely unknown but are thought to involve genetic predisposition, environmental factors, immune dysfunction, altered cell death, reactive oxygen species and overproduction of self-reactive antibodies.
“The causes of these diseases are largely unknown but are thought to involve various factors, including genetic predispositions, environmental factors, dysfunctions of the immune system, altered cell death, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and overproduction of self-reactive antibodies1,2”
From The role of mitochondria in rheumatic diseases (2022) · cites this paper as [2]
The Introduction and the sections on dying-cell clearance and modified autoantigens describe genetic susceptibility, immune activation, altered cell death, oxidative changes, and autoantibodies in systemic lupus erymatosus (page numbers unavailable). The paper does not establish this full list—including environmental factors and reactive oxygen species—as causes of rheumatic diseases generally, nor does it state that their causes are largely unknown. (LLM, conf=0.84)
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Additional file 1 of GBP2 acts as a member of the interferon signalling pathway in lupus nephritis
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- Authors
- Colonna, L., Lood, C., & Elkon, K. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Colonna, Lucrezia
- Lood, Christian
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Rheumatology
- Published
- 2014-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 459-466
- ISSN
- 1040-8711 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4272326
- OpenAlex
- W2049120921
- Cited by
- 69
- References
- 70
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 1.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Rheumatology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS065933)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (F32AR065837)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Cell death mechanisms and regulation
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › Phagocytosis and Immune Regulation
- Keywords
- systemic lupus erythematosus, programmed cell death, apoptosis, necrosis, autophagy, autoantibodies, nucleic acid oxidation, opsonins, lupus autoimmunity, SLE pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Autophagy, Humans, Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic, Models, Biological, Necrosis, Opsonin Proteins, Receptors, Cell Surface, Cell Death, Apoptosis, MicroRNAs
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