Risk factors for albicans and non-albicans candidemia in the intensive care unit*
Abstract
Objective To determine risk factors for bloodstream infections (BSI) with Candida non-albicans (C-NA) species and Candida albicans (CA) among critically ill patients. Design Case-control study. Setting Adult medical and surgical intensive care units (ICUs) at two university hospitals. Patients Consecutive patients with C-NA and CA BSIs from 1995-2005 formed the two case groups. Controls were patients without candidemia who were randomly selected in a ratio of 5:1 and matched by study hospital, ICU type (medical vs. surgical) and by ICU admission date within a 3-month period. Interventions Data collected included demographics, comorbidities, exposure to antibiotics and antifungals, and ICU factors such as total parenteral nutrition (TPN), blood product transfusions, invasive procedures, central venous catheters, hemodialysis, and mechanical ventilation. We built multivariable logistic regression models, which identified risk factors for C-NA or CA BSIs compared with controls. Variables were adjusted for time-at-risk. Measurements and main results There were 67 patients with C-NA BSIs, 79 patients with CA BSIs, and 780 controls. In multivariable models, factors associated with an increased risk of C-NA compared with controls included major pre-ICU operations [odds ratio; (95% confidence interval)] [2.12; (1.14-3.97)], gastrointestinal procedures [2.24; (1.49-3.38)], enteric bacteremia [3.43; (1.39-8.48)], number of hemodialysis days [6.20; (2.67-14.4)], TPN duration [2.87; (1.4…
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Limited data from resource-limited settings suggest that timely administration of antimicrobials in patients with sepsis and septic shock is beneficial and potentially feasible.
“Limited data from resource-limited settings suggest that timely administration of antimicrobials in patients with sepsis and septic shock is beneficial and potentially feasible (121-126).”
From Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021. (2021) · cites this paper as [126]
Cites
A Multicenter, Randomized, Controlled Clinical Trial of Transfusion Requirements in Critical Care
Hébert, P. C., Wells, G., Blajchman, M. A., Marshall, J., Martin, C., Pagliarello, G., Tweeddale, M., Schweitzer, I., & Yetisir, E. (1999) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199902113400601 · Cited by 5,187 · see citing works
Wisplinghoff, H., Bischoff, T., Tallent, S. M., Seifert, H., Wenzel, R. P., & Edmond, M. B. (2004) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/421946 · Cited by 4,496 · see citing works
Risk Factors for Hospital-Acquired Candidemia: A Matched Case-Control Study
Wey, S. B. (1989) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1989.00390100145030 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Fungal Infections in Patients with Severe Acute Pancreatitis and the Use of Prophylactic Therapy
De Waele, J. J., Vogelaers, D., Blot, S., & Colardyn, F. (2003) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/375603 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
White, M. H. (1997) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1086/513661 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Pappas, P. G., Kauffman, C. A., Andes, D. R., Clancy, C. J., Marr, K. A., Ostrosky-Zeichner, L., Reboli, A. C., Schuster, M. G., Vazquez, J. A., Walsh, T. J., et al. (2016) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/civ933 · Cited by 4,200 · see citing works
Surviving Sepsis Campaign: International Guidelines for Management of Sepsis and Septic Shock 2021.
Evans, L., Rhodes, A., Alhazzani, W., Antonelli, M., Coopersmith, C. M., French, C., Machado, F. R., Mcintyre, L., Ostermann, M., Prescott, H. C., et al. (2021) · Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1097/ccm.0000000000005337 · Cited by 2,935 · see citing works
Incidence, characteristics and outcome of ICU-acquired candidemia in India
Chakrabarti, A., Sood, P., Rudramurthy, S. M., Chen, S., Kaur, H., Capoor, M., Chhina, D., Rao, R., Eshwara, V. K., Xess, I., et al. (2015) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-014-3603-2 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Cleveland, A. A., Farley, M. M., Harrison, L. H., Stein, B., Hollick, R., Lockhart, S. R., Magill, S. S., Derado, G., Park, B. J., & Chiller, T. M. (2012) · Clinical Infectious Diseases · doi:10.1093/cid/cis697 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Pfaller, M. A., Castanheira, M., Lockhart, S. R., Ahlquist, A. M., Messer, S. A., & Jones, R. N. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Microbiology · doi:10.1128/jcm.06112-11 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021
Evans, L., Rhodes, A., Alhazzani, W., Antonelli, M., Coopersmith, C. M., French, C., Machado, F. R., Mcintyre, L., Ostermann, M., Prescott, H. C., et al. (2021) · Intensive Care Medicine · doi:10.1007/s00134-021-06506-y · Cited by 5,082 · see citing works
Fungal Sepsis: Optimizing Antifungal Therapy in the Critical Care Setting
Lepak, A., & Andes, D. (2011) · Critical Care Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.ccc.2010.11.001 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Reemergence of intravenous drug use as risk factor for candidemia, Massachusetts, USA.
Poowanawittayakom, N., Dutta, A., Stock, S., Touray, S., Ellison, R. T., & Levitz, S. M. (2018) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid2404.171807 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Zilberberg, M. D., & Shorr, A. F. (2009) · Infectious Disease Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.idc.2009.04.008 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
- Authors
- Chow, J. K., Golan, Y., Ruthazer, R., Karchmer, A. W., Carmeli, Y., Lichtenberg, D. A., Chawla, V., Young, J. A., & Hadley, S.
- Affiliations
- Tufts University (US)
- Venue
- Critical Care Medicine
- Published
- 2008-07
- Volume
- 36
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1993-1998
- ISSN
- 0090-3493 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042741618
- Cited by
- 154
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 9.21
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Critical Care Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (T32AI055412)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Antifungal resistance and susceptibility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Nosocomial Infections in ICU
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Keywords
- candidemia, Candida albicans, non-albicans Candida, bloodstream infection, risk factors, intensive care unit patients, critically ill patients, total parenteral nutrition, hemodialysis, red blood cell transfusion, central venous catheters, mechanical ventilation, invasive procedures, antibiotic exposure, gastrointestinal surgery, fungal infection prevention, nosocomial infections
- MeSH terms
- Candidiasis, Catheterization, Central Venous, Cross Infection, Female, Humans, Intensive Care Units, Male, Medical Records Department, Hospital, Middle Aged, Respiration, Artificial, Risk Factors, Logistic Models, Case-Control Studies, Hospital Mortality
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
