Psychiatric Disorders and Intellectual Functioning Throughout Development in Velocardiofacial (22q11.2 Deletion) Syndrome
Open accessAbstract
Objective Velocardiofacial syndrome (VCFS) is associated with cognitive deficits and high rates of schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders. We report the data from two large cohorts of individuals with VCFS from Israel and Western Europe to characterize the neuropsychiatric phenotype from childhood to adulthood in a large sample.Method Individuals with VCFS (n = 172) aged 5 to 54 years were evaluated with structured clinical interviews for psychiatric disorders and age-appropriate versions of the Wechsler intelligence tests.Results The frequency of psychiatric disorders was high and remarkably similar between samples. Psychotic disorders and depression were uncommon during childhood but increased in rates during adulthood (depressive disorders: 40.7% in young adults [aged 18-24 years]; psychotic disorders: 32.1% in adults [age >24 years]). Cognitive scores were inversely associated with age in subjects with VCFS, including patients without psychosis. Specifically, Verbal IQ (VIQ) scores negatively correlated with age, and the subjects with VCFS and psychotic disorders had significantly lower VIQ scores than nonpsychotic VCFS subjects.Conclusions Neuropsychiatric deficits in individuals with VCFS seem to follow a developmental pattern. The VIQ scores are negatively associated with age and rates of mood, and psychotic disorders increase dramatically during young adulthood. The data presented here support careful monitoring of psychiatric symptoms during adolescence and young adulthood in VCFS. Prospective longitudinal studies are needed to examine the nature of age-related cognitive changes and their association with psychiatric morbidity in VCFS.
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Approximately one third of human 22q carriers develop schizophrenia.
“and approximately one third of them develop schizophrenia 76 .”
From Developmental timing and critical windows for the treatment of psychiatric disorders (2016) · cites this paper as [76]
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- Authors
- Green, T., Gothelf, D., Glaser, B., Debbane, M., Frisch, A., Kotler, M., Weizman, A., & Eliez, S.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Gothelf, Doron
- Venue
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2009-11
- Volume
- 48
- Issue
- 11
- Pages
- 1060-1068
- ISSN
- 0890-8567 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2062525878
- Cited by
- 289
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 21 · 2016: 31 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 31 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 10.08
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Basil O'Connor Starter Scholar Research Award of the March of Dimes ((grant no. 5-FY06-590))
- Swiss National Fund for Research to SE ((PP00B-102864))
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genomic variations and chromosomal abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Down syndrome and intellectual disability research
- Keywords
- 22q11.2 deletion syndrome, mental illness, intellectual functioning, cognitive development, psychosis, depression, verbal IQ, age-related cognitive decline, neuropsychiatric phenotypes, early adulthood
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Mental Disorders, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Cultural Comparison, DiGeorge Syndrome, Female, Humans, Israel, Language Development Disorders, Male, Intellectual Disability, Middle Aged, Phenotype, Psychometrics, Psychotic Disorders, Schizophrenia, Schizophrenic Psychology, Switzerland, Wechsler Scales, Comorbidity, Young Adult
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