The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Early menopause and other gynecologic risk indicators for chronic fatigue syndrome in women
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: This study aims to examine whether gynecologic conditions are associated with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). METHODS: This study includes a subset of 157 women from a population-based case-control study in Georgia, United States, conducted in 2004-2009. Gynecologic history was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Crude odds ratios (ORs) with 95% CIs and ORs adjusted for body mass index and other covariates, where relevant, were estimated for gynecologic conditions between 84 CFS cases and 73 healthy controls. RESULTS: Cases and controls were of similar age. Women with CFS reported significantly more gynecologic conditions and surgical operations than controls: menopause status (61.9% vs 37.0%; OR, 2.37; 95% CI, 1.21-4.66), earlier mean age at menopause onset (37.6 vs 48.6 y; adjusted OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.09-1.36), excessive menstrual bleeding (73.8% vs 42.5%; adjusted OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.66-6.70), bleeding between periods (48.8% vs 23.3%; adjusted OR, 3.31; 95% CI, 1.60-6.86), endometriosis (29.8% vs 12.3%; adjusted OR, 3.67; 95% CI, 1.53-8.84), use of noncontraceptive hormonal preparations (57.1% vs 26.0%; adjusted OR, 2.95; 95% CI, 1.36-6.38), nonmenstrual pelvic pain (26.2% vs 2.7%; adjusted OR, 11.98; 95% CI, 2.57-55.81), and gynecologic surgical operation (65.5% vs 31.5%; adjusted OR, 3.33; 95% CI, 1.66-6.67), especially hysterectomy (54.8% vs 19.2%; adjusted OR, 3.23; 95% CI, 1.46-7.17). Hysterectomy and oophorectomy occurred at a significantly younger mean age in the CFS group than in controls and occurred before CFS onset in 71% of women with records of date of surgical operation and date of CFS onset. CONCLUSIONS: Menstrual abnormalities, endometriosis, pelvic pain, hysterectomy, and early/surgical menopause are all associated with CFS. Clinicians should be aware of the association between common gynecologic problems and CFS in women. Further work is warranted to determine whether these conditions contribute to the development and/or perpetuation of CFS in some women.
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B cells produce IFNγ and IL-4 in the context of autoimmunity.
“B cells have been reported to produce these cytokines in the context of autoimmunity50”
From Leveraging Prior Knowledge of Endocrine Immune Regulation in the Therapeutically-relevant Phenotyping of Women with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (2019) · cites this paper as [50]
The Discussion says that estrogen and progesterone influence immune responses and inflammation, but it does not address B-cell production of IFNγ or IL-4 in autoimmunity. Searches for the cytokines and B cells found no passage supporting that specific claim. (LLM, conf=0.77)
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DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA EARLY DIAGNOSIS ENDOMETRIOSIS
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Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
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Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome
EBENBICHLER, G. R. (2026) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-23516-0.00132-x
Metadata
- Authors
- Boneva, R. S., Lin, J.-M. S., & Unger, E. R.
- Affiliations
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (US)
- Corresponding author
- Boneva, Roumiana S.
- Venue
- Menopause
- Published
- 2015-08
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 826-834
- ISSN
- 1072-3714 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5745581
- OpenAlex
- W2327995394
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 0.54
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (CC999999)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Fibromyalgia and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Clinical Neurology › Long-Term Effects of COVID-19
- Keywords
- chronic fatigue syndrome, early menopause, gynecologic conditions, hysterectomy, endometriosis, excessive menstrual bleeding, risk factors
- MeSH terms
- Endometriosis, Female, Georgia, Humans, Hysterectomy, Menopause, Premature, Menstruation Disturbances, Middle Aged, Risk Factors, Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic, Odds Ratio, Case-Control Studies, Pelvic Pain, Self Report
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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