Cited by 104Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorNeural and Behavioral Psychology StudiesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

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Adolescent Depression: Stress and Reward Dysfunction

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Auerbach, Randy P., Admon, Roee, Pizzagalli, Diego A.·2014·Harvard Review of Psychiatry

DOI 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000034PMC PMC4016104

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Abstract

LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After participating in this educational activity, the physician should be better able to 1. Evaluate the relationship between reward processes, stress, and depression. 2. Assess the characteristics of the three etiological models of stress and reward processes. 3. Identify the biological basis for stress and reward processes. Adolescence is a peak period for the onset of depression, and it is also a time marked by substantial stress as well as neural development within the brain reward circuitry. In this review, we provide a selective overview of current animal and human research investigating the relationship among reward processes, stress, and depression. Three separate, but related, etiological models examine the differential roles that stress may play in relation to reward dysfunction and adolescent depression. First, the reward mediation model suggests that both acute and chronic stress contribute to reward deficits, which, in turn, potentiate depressive symptoms or increase the risk for depression. Second, in line with the stress generation perspective, it is plausible that premorbid reward-related dysfunction generates stress--in particular, interpersonal stress--which then leads to the manifestation of depressive symptoms. Third, consistent with a diathesis-stress model, the interaction between stress and premorbid reward dysfunction may contribute to the onset of depression. Given the equifinal nature of depression, these models could shed important light on different etiological pathways during adolescence, particularly as they may relate to understanding the heterogeneity of depression. To highlight the translational potential of these insights, a hypothetical case study is provided as a means of demonstrating the importance of targeting reward dysfunction in both assessment and treatment of adolescent depression.

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Authors: Auerbach, R. P., Admon, R., & Pizzagalli, D. A.
Affiliations: Harvard University (US)
Corresponding author: Auerbach, Randy P.
ORCID: Auerbach, Randy P.
Admon, Roee
Pizzagalli, Diego A.
Venue: Harvard Review of Psychiatry
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2014-05
Volume: 22
Issue: 3
Pages: 139-148
ISSN: 1067-3229 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/hrp.0000000000000034
PMC: PMC4016104
OpenAlex: W2323072403
Cited by: 104
References: 98
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6
FWCI: 0.61
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Harvard Review of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH101521, R01MH095809, R01MH068376, K23MH097786, R01 MH68376)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: adolescent depression, stress, diathesis-stress model, brain reward system, interpersonal stress, equifinality, depression heterogeneity, depression treatment
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adolescent Behavior, Animals, Major Depressive Disorder, Humans, Reward, Stress, Psychological

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