The Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury–Lifetime (BAT-L) Semistructured Interview: Evidence of Research Utility and Validity

Fortier, Catherine Brawn; Amick, Melissa M.; Grande, Laura; McGlynn, Susan; Kenna, Alexandra; Morra, Lindsay; Clark, Alexandra; Milberg, William P.; McGlinchey, Regina E.

doi:10.1097/htr.0b013e3182865859

Cited by 193Traumatic Brain Injury ResearchTraumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular DisturbancesPosttraumatic Stress Disorder Research

The Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury–Lifetime (BAT-L) Semistructured Interview: Evidence of Research Utility and Validity

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Fortier, Catherine Brawn, Amick, Melissa M., Grande, Laura, McGlynn, Susan, Kenna, Alexandra, Morra, Lindsay, Clark, Alexandra, Milberg, William P. +1 more·2014·Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation

DOI 10.1097/htr.0b013e3182865859PMC PMC3997066

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: Report the prevalence of lifetime and military-related traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans and validate the Boston Assessment of TBI-Lifetime (BAT-L). SETTING: The BAT-L is the first validated, postcombat, semistructured clinical interview to characterize head injuries and diagnose TBIs throughout the life span. PARTICIPANTS: Community-dwelling convenience sample of 131 OEF/OIF veterans. DESIGN: TBI criteria (alteration of mental status, posttraumatic amnesia, and loss of consciousness) were evaluated for all possible TBIs, including a novel evaluation of blast exposure. MAIN MEASURES: BAT-L, Ohio State University TBI Identification Method (OSU-TBI-ID). RESULTS: About 67% of veterans incurred a TBI in their lifetime. Almost 35% of veterans experienced at least 1 military-related TBI; all were mild in severity, 40% of them were due to blast, 50% were due to some other (ie, blunt) mechanism, and 10% were due to both types of injuries. Predeployment TBIs were frequent (45% of veterans). There was strong correspondence between the BAT-L and the OSU-TBI-ID (Cohen κ = 0.89; Kendall τ-b = 0.95). Interrater reliability of the BAT-L was strong (κs >0.80). CONCLUSIONS: The BAT-L is a valid instrument with which to assess TBI across a service member's lifetime and captures the varied and complex nature of brain injuries across OEF/OIF veterans' life span.

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The use of validated semistructured diagnostic interviews (BAT-L, CAPS, SCID-I) assured that Veterans met eligibility criteria and allowed comprehensive assessment of their mental and physical health.
“our use of validated, semistructured diagnostic interviews (i., BAT-L [18], Clinician Administered PTSD Scale [20], SCID-I [19]) assured that Veterans met eligibility criteria and allowed comprehensive assessment of their mental and physical health.”
From Development and evaluation of an 1-day Acceptance and Commitment Therapy workshop for Veterans with comorbid chronic pain, TBI, and psychological distress: Outcomes from a pilot study (2020) · cites this paper as [18]

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Authors: Fortier, C. B., Amick, M. M., Grande, L., McGlynn, S., Kenna, A., Morra, L., Clark, A., Milberg, W. P., & McGlinchey, R. E.
Affiliations: Boston University (US)
ORCID: Fortier, Catherine Brawn
Clark, Alexandra
Milberg, William P.
McGlinchey, Regina E.
Venue: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2014-01
Volume: 29
Issue: 1
Pages: 89-98
ISSN: 0885-9701 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/htr.0b013e3182865859
PMC: PMC3997066
OpenAlex: W2083910073
Cited by: 193
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 12 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 9.47
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Locations: Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Traumatic Brain Injury Center of Excellence
National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (K01AG024898, K23AG034258)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Traumatic Brain Injury Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
Keywords: traumatic brain injury, semi-structured interviews, military veterans, Operation Enduring Freedom, Iraq War, blast exposure, inter-rater reliability, instrument validation
MeSH terms: Adult, Blast Injuries, Boston, Brain Injuries, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Interview, Psychological, Male, Middle Aged, Neuropsychological Tests, Psychometrics, Veterans, Reproducibility of Results, Biomedical Research, Iraq War, 2003-2011, Young Adult, Afghan Campaign 2001-

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The Boston Assessment of Traumatic Brain Injury–Lifetime (BAT-L) Semistructured Interview: Evidence of Research Utility and Validity

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