IRON TOXICITY AS A POTENTIAL FACTOR IN AMD
Abstract
In Brief While it has been known for years that iron overload is associated with retinal degeneration in the context of ocular siderosis, intraocular hemorrhage, and the hereditary diseases aceruloplasminemia and pantothenate kinase associated neurodegeneration, recent evidence suggests that age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may also be exacerbated by retinal iron overload. In the retina, iron is necessary for normal cellular function. Iron overload, however, can cause retinal toxicity through the generation of oxygen free radicals. Histopathology of eyes with macular degeneration has shown elevated levels of iron in the retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch membrane, and within drusen, some of which was chelatable in vitro with deferoxamine. In this review, the authors summarize the evidence that iron overload may contribute to AMD pathogenesis. It is hoped that continued investigation of the role of iron and iron associated proteins in the retina will uncover clues to AMD pathogenesis and lead to new preventative or therapeutic options. In this review, the authors summarize the evidence that iron overload may contribute to AMD pathogenesis. It is hoped that continued investigation of the role of iron and iron associated proteins in the retina will uncover clues to AMD pathogenesis and lead to new preventative or therapeutic options.
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Retinal iron levels increase with age, iron is significantly implicated in AMD, and iron chelation may help to reverse the process.
“Retinal iron levels increase with age [1322], iron is significantly implicated in AMD [1323-1329], and iron chelation may help to reverse the process [1330].”
From Iron behaving badly: inappropriate iron chelation as a major contributor to the aetiology of vascular and other progressive inflammatory and degenerative diseases (2009) · cites this paper as [1329]
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- Authors
- WONG, R. W., RICHA, D. C., HAHN, P., GREEN, W. R., & DUNAIEF, J. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Venue
- Retina
- Published
- 2007-10
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 997-1003
- ISSN
- 0275-004X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2055981188
- Cited by
- 131
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 1.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Retina (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Eye Institute (EY 015240, R01EY015240)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- age-related macular degeneration, iron overload, oxidative stress, free radicals, retinal pigment epithelium, drusen, Bruch's membrane, deferoxamine, ocular siderosis, aceruloplasminemia, pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration, AMD pathogenesis
- MeSH terms
- Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration, Humans, Iron Chelating Agents, Macular Degeneration, Retina, Risk Factors, Oxidative Stress, Iron Overload, Iron Compounds
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