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The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises
Open accessAbstract
The current International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition of pain as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” was recommended by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy and adopted by the IASP Council in 1979. This definition has become accepted widely by health care professionals and researchers in the pain field and adopted by several professional, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations, including the World Health Organization. In recent years, some in the field have reasoned that advances in our understanding of pain warrant a reevaluation of the definition and have proposed modifications. Therefore, in 2018, the IASP formed a 14-member, multinational Presidential Task Force comprising individuals with broad expertise in clinical and basic science related to pain, to evaluate the current definition and accompanying note and recommend whether they should be retained or changed. This review provides a synopsis of the critical concepts, the analysis of comments from the IASP membership and public, and the committee's final recommendations for revisions to the definition and notes, which were discussed over a 2-year period. The task force ultimately recommended that the definition of pain be revised to “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage,” and that the accompanying notes be updated to a bulleted list that included the etymology. The revised definition and notes were unanimously accepted by the IASP Council early this year.
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“The International Association for the Study of Pain also establishes a relationship between fear-painknowledge, as they state that pain not only represents the sensation of physical harm, but also an emotional experience that can be influenced by other emotions, such as anxiety or fear of the unknown [53].”
From Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
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“Chronic pain, in contrast to acute pain, represents a persistent condition extending for at least 3 months [1, 3].”
Korwisi, B., Barke, A., Kharko, A., Bruhin, C., Locher, C., & Koechlin, H. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000961 · Cited by 45
Understanding chronic ocular surface pain: An unmet need for targeted drug therapy
Galor, A., Hamrah, P., Haque, S., Attal, N., & Labétoulle, M. (2022) · The Ocular Surface · doi:10.1016/j.jtos.2022.08.005 · Cited by 46
Matthie, N., Giordano, N. A., Jenerette, C. M., Magwood, G., Leslie, S., Northey, E. E., Webster, C., & Sil, S. (2022) · Pain Management · doi:10.2217/pmt-2022-0030 · Cited by 47
Multifidus dysfunction and restorative neurostimulation: a scoping review
Francio, V. T., Westerhaus, B. D., Carayannopoulos, A. G., & Sayed, D. (2023) · Pain Medicine · doi:10.1093/pm/pnad098 · Cited by 45
Rutin: a pain-relieving flavonoid
Forouzanfar, F., Sahranavard, T., Tsatsakis, A. M., Iranshahi, M., & Rezaee, R. (2025) · Inflammopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s10787-025-01671-8 · Cited by 44
“…per the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition, pain is regarded as “ an unpleas-ant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage ” and it can be classified as acute or chronic (Raja et al. 2020).”
Grimace Scores: Tools to Support the Identification of Pain in Mammals Used in Research
Cohen, S., & Beths, T. (2020) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani10101726 · Cited by 44
The effect of elevated muscle pain on neuromuscular fatigue during exercise
Norbury, R., Smith, S. A., Burnley, M., Judge, M., & Mauger, A. R. (2021) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-021-04814-1 · Cited by 43
Innab, A., Alammar, K., Alqahtani, N., Aldawood, F., Kerari, A., & Alenezi, A. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-01028-4 · Cited by 43
Welfare, N.-F. E. P. O. A. H. A., Nielsen, S. S., Alvarez, J., Bicout, D., Calistri, P., Canali, E., Drewe, J. A., Garin‐Bastuji, B., Gonzáles, J. L., Gortázar, C., et al. (2023) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2023.7896 · Cited by 65
Rojas, R. F., Joseph, C., Hirachan, N., Seymour, B., & Goecke, R. (2024) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW) · doi:10.1109/aciiw63320.2024.00012 · Cited by 43
“Pain, a complex and subjective experience, poses significant challenges in accurate assessment and effective management [5].”
Impact of Dose, Sex, and Strain on Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Mice
Warncke, U. O., Toma, W. B., Meade, J. A., Park, A. J., Thompson, D., Caillaud, M., Bigbee, J. W., Bryant, C. D., & Damaj, M. I. (2021) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2021.683168 · Cited by 42
Mode of action of astrocytes in pain: From the spinal cord to the brain
Chen, Y.-L., Feng, X., Cheung, C., & Liu, J. A. (2022) · Progress in Neurobiology · doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102365 · Cited by 44
Acidosis-related pain and its receptors as targets for chronic pain
Hung, C., Chin, Y., Fong, Y.-O., Lee, C., Han, D., Lin, J.-H., Sun, W., & Chen, C. (2023) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2023.108444 · Cited by 43
Goudman, L., Pilitsis, J. G., Billet, B., Vos, R. D., Hanssens, K., Billot, M., Manuel Roulaud, B., Rigoard, P., & Moens, M. (2023) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.16151 · Cited by 45
“Pain is de fi ned as `` an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage ´´ [1].”
BackgroundThe prevalence of fatigue among Chinese nursing students in post-COVID-19 era
Liu, S., Xi, H., Zhu, Q., Ji, M., Zhang, H., Yang, B. X., Bai, W., Cai, H. X., Zhao, Y.-J., Chen, L., et al. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.11154 · Cited by 47
Classification of pain in children with cerebral palsy
Vinkel, M. N., Rackauskaite, G., & Finnerup, N. B. (2021) · Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology · doi:10.1111/dmcn.15102 · Cited by 43
Self-citationSweity, E. M., Salahat, A., Sada, A. A., Aswad, A., Zabin, L. M., & Zyoud, S. H. (2022) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-022-00990-3 · Cited by 41
Pain Management in a Prehospital Emergency Setting: A Retrospective Observational Study
Ferri, P., Gambaretto, C., Alberti, S., Parogni, P., Rovesti, S., Lorenzo, R. D., Sollami, A., & Bargellini, A. (2022) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s376586 · Cited by 41
McCabe, C., Feeney, A., Basa, M., Eustace‐Cook, J., & McCann, M. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.16612 · Cited by 41
Harsanyi, H., Cuthbert, C. A., & Schulte, F. (2023) · Current Oncology · doi:10.3390/curroncol30060437 · Cited by 48
“Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) as an “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage” [1], demonstrating that pain is a complex biopsychosocial symptom.”
BackgroundManagement of Acute Wounds—Expert Panel Consensus Statement
Olutoye, O. O., Eriksson, E. K., Menchaca, A. D., Kirsner, R. S., Tanaka, R., Schultz, G., Weir, D., Wagner, T. L., Fabia, R. B., Naik-Mathuria, B. J., et al. (2024) · Advances in Wound Care · doi:10.1089/wound.2023.0059 · Cited by 41
“” 24 A discussion of the management of pain in acute wounds does not differ signi fi - cantly from that of chronic hard-to-heal wounds, other than the expectation that pain associated with acute wounds should begin to diminish over time as healing progresses.”
Li, F., & Wang, F. (2021) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-16-4254-8_12 · Cited by 40
Wen, Y.-R., Shi, J., Wang, Y.-F., Lin, Y., Hu, Z.-Y., Lin, Y.-T., Wang, X., & Wang, Y. (2022) · Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnagi.2022.921069 · Cited by 45
Metadata
- Authors
- Raja, S. N., Carr, D. B., Cohen, M., Finnerup, N. B., Flor, H., Gibson, S., Keefe, F. J., Mogil, J. S., Ringkamp, M., Sluka, K. A., Song, X.-J., Stevens, B., Sullivan, M. D., Tutelman, P. R., Ushida, T., & Vader, K.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Duke University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Aichi Medical University (JP)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Raja, Srinivasa N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1976-1982
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC7680716
- OpenAlex
- W3043476716
- Cited by
- 5,223
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 930 · 2025: 1042 · 2024: 1021 · 2023: 905 · 2022: 757 · 2021: 484 · 2020: 78
- FWCI
- 70.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG064201, R01AG058702)
- National Cancer Institute (UG1CA189824)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (U2CNR014637, U24NR014637)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS097221, R01NS026363, U24NS112873)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR073187, R01AR070875, UG3AR076387)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (U24AT010961, U24AT009676)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- pain definition, International Association for the Study of Pain, pain classification, concept of pain, tissue damage
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Pain
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