The DOI matches its Crossref record; 34 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The revised International Association for the Study of Pain definition of pain: concepts, challenges, and compromises
Open accessAbstract
The current International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) definition of pain as “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” was recommended by the Subcommittee on Taxonomy and adopted by the IASP Council in 1979. This definition has become accepted widely by health care professionals and researchers in the pain field and adopted by several professional, governmental, and nongovernmental organizations, including the World Health Organization. In recent years, some in the field have reasoned that advances in our understanding of pain warrant a reevaluation of the definition and have proposed modifications. Therefore, in 2018, the IASP formed a 14-member, multinational Presidential Task Force comprising individuals with broad expertise in clinical and basic science related to pain, to evaluate the current definition and accompanying note and recommend whether they should be retained or changed. This review provides a synopsis of the critical concepts, the analysis of comments from the IASP membership and public, and the committee's final recommendations for revisions to the definition and notes, which were discussed over a 2-year period. The task force ultimately recommended that the definition of pain be revised to “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage,” and that the accompanying notes be updated to a bulleted list that included the etymology. The revised definition and notes were unanimously accepted by the IASP Council early this year.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“The International Association for the Study of Pain also establishes a relationship between fear-painknowledge, as they state that pain not only represents the sensation of physical harm, but also an emotional experience that can be influenced by other emotions, such as anxiety or fear of the unknown [53].”
From Prevention of non-specific back pain through exercise and education: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2024) · cites this paper as [53]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The qualitative content analysis process
Elo, S., & Kyngäs, H. (2008) · Journal of Advanced Nursing · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04569.x · Cited by 22,617 · cited 1×
“Responses to the open-ended questions were analyzed by using inductive content analysis.(16) We received 808 responses from individuals across 46 countries.”
MethodTreede, R.-D., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M. I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Finnerup, N. B., First, M. B., et al. (2019) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000001384 · Cited by 3,478
Self-citationA classification of chronic pain for ICD-11
Treede, R.-D., Rief, W., Barke, A., Aziz, Q., Bennett, M. I., Benoliel, R., Cohen, M., Evers, S., Finnerup, N. B., First, M. B., et al. (2015) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000160 · Cited by 2,822
Self-citation(1979) · PubMed · Cited by 1,355
A new definition of neuropathic pain
Jensen, T., Baron, R., Haanpää, M., Kalso, E., Loeser, J., Rice, A., & Treede, R. (2011) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2011.06.017 · Cited by 1,343
The Kyoto protocol of IASP Basic Pain Terminology ☆
Loeser, J. D., & Treede, R. (2008) · Pain · doi:10.1016/j.pain.2008.04.025 · Cited by 1,240
Do we need a third mechanistic descriptor for chronic pain states?
Kosek, E., Cohen, M. L., Baron, R., Gebhart, G. F., Micó, J. A., Rice, A. S. C., Rief, W., & Sluka, K. A. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000507 · Cited by 972
Self-citationBedson, J., & Croft, P. R. (2008) · BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders · doi:10.1186/1471-2474-9-116 · Cited by 951 · cited 2×
“An illustrative example is the discordance between reports of pain and the structural abnormalities visualized by imaging in patients with knee osteoarthritis.(6,30,36) The IASP has defined nociplastic pain as “pain that arises from altered nociception despite no clear evidence of actual or threatened tissue damage ca…”
BackgroundUpdating the definition of pain
Williams, A. C. D. C., & Craig, K. D. (2016) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000613 · Cited by 754 · cited 3×
“experience of pain.(37) In addition, the term “unpleasant” has been debated as potentially trivializing the severe pain and suffering associated with many acute and chronic clinical pain states and fails to capture “the full range of words that could be used to describe the experience” and its associated suffering.”
BackgroundEditorial The need of a taxonomy
&NA;, &. (1979) · Pain · doi:10.1016/0304-3959(79)90046-0 · Cited by 413
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Anand, 1996, New perspectives on the definition of pain, PAIN, 67, 3
- Cunningham, 1998, Comments on derbyshire, PAIN, 67 (1996) 210–11, PAIN, 74, 102
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,005
Weight-centric treatment of depression and chronic pain
Ghusn, W., Bouchard, C., Frye, M. A., & Acosta, A. J. (2022) · Obesity Pillars · doi:10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100025 · Cited by 23
Spontaneous pain as a challenge of research and management in chronic pain
Ma, L., Liu, S., Yi, M., & Wan, Y. (2022) · Medical Review · doi:10.1515/mr-2022-0007 · Cited by 21
Peripheral Nerve Stimulation for Lower Extremity Pain
Busch, C., Smith, O., Weaver, T. E., Vallabh, J. C., & Abd-Elsayed, A. A. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10071666 · Cited by 21
Salaffi, F., Farah, S., Mariani, C., Sarzi‐Puttini, P., & Carlo, M. D. (2022) · Pain Practice · doi:10.1111/papr.13162 · Cited by 20
Towards an ethical multiplicity in low back pain care: Practising beyond the biopsychosocial model
Mescouto, K. A., Olson, R. E., & Setchell, J. (2022) · Sociology of Health & Illness · doi:10.1111/1467-9566.13598 · Cited by 21
Bonin, E., Lejeune, N., Szymkowicz, E., Bonhomme, V. L., Martial, C., Gosseries, O., Laureys, S., & Thibaut, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnsys.2023.1112206 · Cited by 25
Serra, S., Spampinato, M. D., Riccardi, A., Guarino, M., Pavasini, R., Fabbri, A., & Iaco, F. D. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12072609 · Cited by 22
Brandelli, Y. N., Chambers, C. T., Mackinnon, S. P., Parker, J. A., Huber, A. M., Stinson, J., Wildeboer, E. M., Wilson, J. J., & Piccolo, O. (2023) · Pediatric Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s12969-023-00828-5 · Cited by 25
Ghazisaeidi, S., Muley, M. M., Tu, Y., Finn, D. P., Kolahdouzan, M., Pitcher, G. M., Kim, D., Sengar, A. S., Ramani, A. K., Brudno, M., et al. (2023) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1111/bph.16168 · Cited by 29
Leonardi, A., Feuerman, O. M., Salami, E., Lazzarini, D., Cavarzeran, F., Freo, U., & Maggioni, F. (2023) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-023-02710-w · Cited by 21
“Pain can be classified either into nociceptive or neuropathic [1–3].”
Chronic abdominal pain in inflammatory bowel disease: a practical guide
Baillie, S., Norton, C. S., Saxena, S. K., & Pollok, R. (2023) · Frontline Gastroenterology · doi:10.1136/flgastro-2023-102471 · Cited by 22
Isaji, Y., Uchino, S., Inada, R., & Saito, H. (2024) · Physical Therapy in Sport · doi:10.1016/j.ptsp.2024.07.003 · Cited by 27
Welfare of pigs during killing for purposes other than slaughter
Welfare, N.-F. E. P. O. A. H. A., Nielsen, S. S., Álvarez, J., Bicout, D., Calistri, P., Depner, K., Drewe, J. A., Garin‐Bastuji, B., Gonzáles, J. L., Gortázar, C., et al. (2020) · EFSA Journal · doi:10.2903/j.efsa.2020.6195 · Cited by 21
Pain Management in Childhood Leukemia: Diagnosis and Available Analgesic Treatments
Coluzzi, F., Rocco, M., Gladden, R. G., Persiani, P. J., Thur, L. A., & Milano, F. (2020) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers12123671 · Cited by 21
Neumann, L., Wulms, N., Witte, A. V., Spisák, T., Zunhammer, M., Bingel, U., & Schmidt‐Wilcke, T. (2021) · Human Brain Mapping · doi:10.1002/hbm.25588 · Cited by 21
Roles of AMPK and Its Downstream Signals in Pain Regulation
Wang, S., & Dai, Y. (2021) · Life · doi:10.3390/life11080836 · Cited by 21
The Role of the Thalamus in Nociception: Important but Forgotten
Galdino, G., Veras, F. P., & dos Anjos‐Garcia, T. (2024) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci14080741 · Cited by 24
“The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) describes pain as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with or similar to that resulting from potential or actual damage [2].”
BackgroundInfluentialQin, W., Sun, R., Liang, Y., & Chen, D. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02184-5 · Cited by 24
“The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) [1] defines pain as an unpleasant feeling, emotional experience, or similar experience related to actual or potential tissue damage.”
BackgroundSánchez-Caballero, E., Ortega-Donaire, L., & Sanz-Martos, S. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11080975 · Cited by 22
“…that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage”, clarifying that it normally plays an adaptive role and is not the same as nociception, but is a personal concept defined by the individual’s own experience, who can not only manifest it verbally but also through non-verbal language [1].”
BackgroundA Systematic Review of Multimodal Signal Fusion for Acute Pain Assessment Systems
Khan, M. U., Chetty, G., Goecke, R., & Rojas, R. F. (2025) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/3737281 · Cited by 20
“Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience linked to actual or potential tissue damage, and its assessment involves various methods, including self-reporting, behavioural indicators, and physiological activity [1].”
Sex-Related Differences in Chronic Pain: A Narrative Review by a Multidisciplinary Task Force
Marchesini, M., Fornasari, D., Natoli, S., Vegni, E. A. M., & Cuomo, A. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61071172 · Cited by 24
“The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) describes pain as an “un-pleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with actual or potential tissue damage” [1,2].”
Privitera, D., Mazzone, A., Pierotti, F., Airoldi, C. A., Galazzi, A., Geraneo, A., Cozzi, M., Garrido, R. M., Vailati, P., Scaglioni, R., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Vascular Access · doi:10.1177/11297298211006996 · Cited by 20
Gray matter volume reduction with different disease duration in trigeminal neuralgia
Shen, S., Zheng, H., Wang, J., Guo, W., Guo, X., Ji, H., Zhang, S., Chen, Y., & Shi, G. (2021) · Neuroradiology · doi:10.1007/s00234-021-02783-y · Cited by 20
Infographic. Pain or injury? Why differentiation matters in exercise and sports medicine
Hoegh, M., Stanton, T. R., George, S. Z., Lyng, K. D., Vistrup, S., & Rathleff, M. S. (2021) · British Journal of Sports Medicine · doi:10.1136/bjsports-2021-104633 · Cited by 20
Self-Efficacy Survey Study of Pain Self-Management in Patients with Cancer
Anderson, A., Starkweather, A. R., Cong, X. S., Kim, K., Schulman‐Green, D., Judge, M. P., Xu, W., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2021.10.002 · Cited by 18
Pain modalities in the body and brain: Current knowledge and future perspectives
Chae, Y., Park, H., & Lee, I. (2022) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104744 · Cited by 20
Sankaran, R., Kumar, A. A., & Parasuram, H. (2022) · Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Part H Journal of Engineering in Medicine · doi:10.1177/09544119221122012 · Cited by 20
Cárcamo‐Cavazos, V., & Cannesson, M. P. (2022) · Advances in Anesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.aan.2022.07.003 · Cited by 20
High-dose opioids for chronic non-cancer pain: an overview of Cochrane Reviews
Els, C., Jackson, T., Hagtvedt, R., Kunyk, D., Sonnenberg, B., Lappi, V. G., & Straube, S. (2023) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd012299.pub3 · Cited by 22
The Use of Virtual Reality in the Rehabilitation of Chronic Nonspecific Neck Pain
Ye, G., Koh, R. G. L., Jaiswal, K. S., Soomal, H., & Kumbhare, D. A. (2023) · Clinical Journal of Pain · doi:10.1097/ajp.0000000000001134 · Cited by 20
Meditation as an Adjunct to the Management of Acute Pain
Wipplinger, F., Holthof, N., Andereggen, L., Urman, R. D., Luedi, M. M., & Bello, C. (2023) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-023-01119-0 · Cited by 20
Patients ‘acceptance’ of chronic wound-associated pain – A qualitative descriptive study
Probst, S., Gschwind, G., Murphy, L., Sezgin, D., Carr, P. J., McIntosh, C. D., & Gethin, G. (2023) · Journal of Tissue Viability · doi:10.1016/j.jtv.2023.06.002 · Cited by 20
Hernández-Lucas, P., Leirós‐Rodríguez, R., Mota, J. A. P. S., & Soidán, J. L. G. (2023) · BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies · doi:10.1186/s12906-023-04061-1 · Cited by 21
“The International Association for the Study of Pain recognizes the relationship between fear, pain, and knowledge, as they emphasize that pain is not only a physical sensation but also an emotional experience influenced by other emotions such as anxiety and fear of the unknown [54].”
BackgroundBehavioural Indicators of Pain and Suffering in Arthropods and Might Pain Bite Back?
Elwood, R. W. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13162602 · Cited by 20
“Pain is defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain as: “An unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage” [6].”
BackgroundLembacher, S., Hofer, V., & Bekes, K. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12185906 · Cited by 20
Efficacy of cupping therapy on pain outcomes: an evidence-mapping study
Wang, L., Cai, Z., Li, X., & Zhu, A. (2023) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2023.1266712 · Cited by 20
Wen, J., Liu, C., Ding, X., Tian, Z., Jiang, W., Wei, X., & Liu, X. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e22634 · Cited by 20
“A preliminary search identified 172 citations (PubMed, 33; Embase, 37; Cochrane Library, 30; Web of Science, 35; CNKI, 13; Wan Fang, 17; VIP database, 7) and 69 remained after the removal of duplicate records.”
BackgroundMethodCanfora, F., Ottaviani, G., Calabria, E., Pecoraro, G., Leuci, S., Coppola, N., Sansone, M., Rupel, K., Biasotto, M., Lenarda, R. D., et al. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11123266 · Cited by 22
AGA Clinical Practice Update on Pain Management in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Commentary
Keefer, L., Hashash, J. G., Szigethy, E., & Mayer, E. A. (2024) · Gastroenterology · doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2024.03.034 · Cited by 20
Mazzolenis, M. V., Mourra, G. N., Moreau, S., Mazzolenis, M. E., Cerda, I. H., Vega, J., Khan, J. S., & Thérond, A. (2024) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-024-01270-2 · Cited by 24
“Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, as defined by the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) [1].”
Han, Y., Ai, L., Song, L., Zhou, Y., Chen, D., Sha, S., Ji, R., Li, Q., Bu, Q., Pan, X., et al. (2024) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-024-49340-8 · Cited by 21
Adjuvant Analgesics in Acute Pain – Evaluation of Efficacy
Kummer, I., Lüthi, A., Klingler, G., Andereggen, L., Urman, R. D., Luedi, M. M., & Stieger, A. (2024) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-024-01276-w · Cited by 20
“The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as an “unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage” [1].”
BackgroundMeehan, E., & Carter, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.620381 · Cited by 26
Pain in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Implant Dentistry: Types and Management
Selvido, D. I., Bhattarai, B. P., Rokaya, D., Niyomtham, N., & Wongsirichat, N. (2021) · European Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1725212 · Cited by 22
Top 100 Most-Cited Papers in Neuropathic Pain From 2000 to 2020: A Bibliometric Study
Xiong, H.-Y., Liu, H., & Wang, X. (2021) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2021.765193 · Cited by 20
Sexual dimorphism in functional pain syndromes
Navratilova, E., Fillingim, R. B., & Porreca, F. (2021) · Science Translational Medicine · doi:10.1126/scitranslmed.abj7180 · Cited by 20
Fetal Pain in the First Trimester
Thill, B. (2021) · The Linacre Quarterly · doi:10.1177/00243639211059245 · Cited by 25
Crevelário de Melo, R., Victoria Ribeiro, A. Â., Luquine Jr, C. D., de Bortoli, M. C., Toma, T. S., & Barreto, J. O. M. (2021) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-048536 · Cited by 19
Cheng, L., Gong, R., Zhang, J., Sunzi, K., Xu, N., & Shi, Q. (2023) · Cancer Medicine · doi:10.1002/cam4.6616 · Cited by 19
FL-41 Tint Reduces Activation of Neural Pathways of Photophobia in Patients with Chronic Ocular Pain
Reyes, N. L., Huang, J. J., Choudhury, A., Pondelis, N. J., Locatelli, E. V. T., Hollinger, R. C., Felix, E. R., Pattany, P. M., Galor, A., & Moulton, E. A. (2023) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2023.12.004 · Cited by 19
Henríquez-Jurado, J. M., Osuna‐Pérez, M. C., García‐López, H., Lomas‐Vega, R., López‐Ruiz, M. D. C., Obrero‐Gaitán, E., & Cortés‐Pérez, I. (2024) · EFORT Open Reviews · doi:10.1530/eor-23-0197 · Cited by 21
Neuroscience of the human thalamus related to acute pain and chronic “thalamic” pain
Lenz, F. A., Dougherty, P. M., Meeker, T. J., Saffer, M., & Oishi, K. (2024) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00065.2024 · Cited by 22
Analgesic effects of high-frequency rTMS on pain anticipation and perception
Li, X., Liu, Z., Hu, Y., Jin, R., Lou, W., & Peng, W. (2024) · Communications Biology · doi:10.1038/s42003-024-07129-x · Cited by 22
“These fi ndings underscore the complexity of pain as a multidimensional experience 43 involving distinct neural circuits that collectively shape pain perception.”
Preoperative psychological distress and acute postoperative pain among abdominal surgery patients
Periañez, C. A. H., & Castillo-Díaz, M. A. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112055 · Cited by 21
Edwards, D., Allison, J. R., Coulter, J., Durham, J., & Beecroft, E. V. (2025) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/s41415-025-8441-9 · Cited by 19
Mixed pain: clinical practice recommendations
Varrassi, G., Farì, G., Tamayo, M. A. N., Gomez, M. P., Liñeiro, A. M. G., Pereira, C. L., Aziz, E. S., Gharibo, C. G., Kaye, A. D., Garcı́a-Larrea, L., et al. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1659490 · Cited by 20
Antcliff, D., Keenan, A., Keeley, P., Woby, S. R., & McGowan, L. (2021) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.1557 · Cited by 19
Hinze, V., Ford, T. J., Crane, C., Haslbeck, J. M. B., Hawton, K. E., Gjelsvik, B., Allwood, M., Aukland, L., Casey, T., Wilde, K. D., et al. (2021) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2021.05.100 · Cited by 19
A lateralized model of the pain-depression dyad
Maallo, A. M. S., Moulton, E. A., Sieberg, C. B., Giddon, D. B., Borsook, D., & Holmes, S. A. (2021) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.003 · Cited by 19
Immunity and pain in the eye: focus on the ocular surface
Vitar, R. M. L., Bonelli, F., Rama, P., & Ferrari, G. (2021) · Clinical & Experimental Immunology · doi:10.1093/cei/uxab032 · Cited by 19
Thompson, K., Johnson, M. I., Milligan, J., & Briggs, M. (2022) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-046363 · Cited by 19
DNA Methylation and Non-Coding RNAs during Tissue-Injury Associated Pain
Irfan, J., Febrianto, M. R., Sharma, A., Rose, T. J., Mahmudzade, Y., Giovanni, S. D., Nagy, I., & Torres-Pérez, J. V. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23020752 · Cited by 19
Alteration in Activity Patterns of Cows as a Result of Pain Due to Health Conditions
Mainau, E., Llonch, P., Temple, D., Goby, L., & Manteca, X. (2022) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12020176 · Cited by 21
Roussel, N. A., Chantrain, V., Foubert, A., Lambert, C., Hermans, C. R. J. R., Meeus, M., Guillaume, S., Lecouvet, F. E., Krüger, S., Hilberg, T., et al. (2022) · Haemophilia · doi:10.1111/hae.14544 · Cited by 19
Tanaka, T. I., Okita, M., JENKINS, S. C., & Kozu, R. (2022) · International Journal of COPD · doi:10.2147/copd.s359223 · Cited by 20
Masià‐Plana, A., Canal, D. J., Soler, R. S., Sitjar-Suñer, M., Casals-Alonso, C., & Mantas‐Jiménez, S. (2022) · Pain Management Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.pmn.2022.03.005 · Cited by 19
Facial Image-Based Automatic Assessment of Equine Pain
Pessanha, F., Salah, A. A., van Loon, T., & Veltkamp, R. C. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Affective Computing · doi:10.1109/taffc.2022.3177639 · Cited by 19
“Pain is defined as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue damage,” [47].”
TRP channels and monoterpenes: Past and current leads on analgesic properties
Petitjean, H., Héberlé, É., Hilfiger, L., Łąpieś, O., Rodrigue, G., & Charlet, A. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.945450 · Cited by 21
Biopsychosocial approach to tendinopathy
Edgar, N., Clifford, C., O’Neill, S., Pedret, C., Kirwan, P., & Millar, N. L. (2022) · BMJ Open Sport & Exercise Medicine · doi:10.1136/bmjsem-2022-001326 · Cited by 21
The emerging power and promise of non-coding RNAs in chronic pain
Zhang, C., Gao, R., Zhou, R., Chen, H., Liu, C., Zhu, T., & Chen, C. (2022) · Frontiers in Molecular Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnmol.2022.1037929 · Cited by 19
Kutafina, E., Becker, S., & Namer, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Network Physiology · doi:10.3389/fnetp.2023.1099282 · Cited by 19
Thill, B. (2023) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2023.1128530 · Cited by 26
Management of Acute Surgical Pain in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
Saffari, T. M., Saffari, S., Brower, K. I., & Janis, J. E. (2023) · Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery · doi:10.1097/prs.0000000000010694 · Cited by 19
The Effect of Perioperative Auditory Stimulation with Music on Procedural Pain: A Narrative Review
Frickmann, F. C. S., Urman, R. D., Siercks, K., Burgermeister, G., Luedi, M. M., & Lersch, F. E. (2023) · Current Pain and Headache Reports · doi:10.1007/s11916-023-01138-x · Cited by 23
Süß, S. C., Werner, J., Saller, A. M., Weiss, L., Reiser, J., Ondracek, J. M., Zablotski, Y., Kollmansperger, S., Anders, M., Potschka, H., et al. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13182859 · Cited by 19
Wu, L., Chen, X., Jia, S., Yan, L., Li, J., Zhang, L., Guo, Y., Lu, J., & Li, W. (2023) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-023-01577-2 · Cited by 23
“In 2020 the International Association for the Study of Pain(IASP) redefined pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with, or resembling that associated with, actual or potential tissue dam-age” [1].”
BackgroundBenazzouz, I., Bouhnik, C., Chapron, A., Esvan, M., Lavoué, V., & Brun, T. (2023) · Journal of Gynecology Obstetrics and Human Reproduction · doi:10.1016/j.jogoh.2023.102706 · Cited by 19
Pattison, L. A., Cloake, A., Chakrabarti, S., Hilton, H., Rickman, R. H., Higham, J. P., Meng, M. Y., Paine, L. W., Dannawi, M., Qiu, L., et al. (2024) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000003190 · Cited by 19
Sustained release local anesthetics for pain management: relevance and formulation approaches
Getachew, M., Tesfaye, H. D., Belay, W. Y., Ayenew, T., Alemu, S., Dagnew, E. M., Biyazin, Y., Abebe, D., Degefu, N., & Abebaw, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Pain Research · doi:10.3389/fpain.2024.1383461 · Cited by 19
Current advances in the pain treatment and mechanisms of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Zhu, X., Jia, Z., Zhou, Y., Wu, J., Cao, M., Hu, C.-J., Yu, L., & Chen, Z. (2024) · Phytotherapy Research · doi:10.1002/ptr.8259 · Cited by 20
Peñalver, A. C., Lírio-Romero, C., Ferreira, E. A. L., Hernández-Iglesias, S., García-Valdivieso, I., Pérez-Pozuelo, J. M., & Gómez‐Cantarino, S. (2024) · Children · doi:10.3390/children11121420 · Cited by 32
Kelleher, E. M., Kaplan, C. M., Kheirabadi, D., Schrepf, A., Tracey, I., Clauw, D. J., & Irani, A. (2025) · British Journal of Anaesthesia · doi:10.1016/j.bja.2024.12.009 · Cited by 21
Gkikas, S., & Tsiknakis, M. (2024) · International Conference on Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction Workshops and Demos (ACIIW) · doi:10.1109/aciiw63320.2024.00007 · Cited by 19
“The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) defines pain as “an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” [1], marking a recent update to the definition.”
Sorting pain out of salience: assessment of pain facial expressions in the human fetus
Bernardes, L. S., Carvalho, M. A., Harnik, S. B., Teixeira, M. J., Ottolia, J., Araújo, D. C., Velloso, A., Francisco, R. P. V., Grupo de Estudo da Dor Fetal (Fetal Pain Study Group), Listik, C., et al. (2021) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000000882 · Cited by 19
Freigang, S., Lehner, C., Fresnoza, S. M., Ali, K. M., Hlavka, E., Eitler, A., Szilagyi, I.-S., Bornemann‐Cimenti, H., Deutschmann, H., Reishofer, G., et al. (2021) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci11080961 · Cited by 21
Story, M. R., Nout‐Lomas, Y. S., Aboellail, T., Selberg, K. T., Barrett, M. F., MclLWRAITH, C. W., & Haussler, K. K. (2021) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2021.734218 · Cited by 19
Pellegrino, R., Brindisino, F., Barassi, G., Sparvieri, E., Iorio, A. D., Alessandro de, S. I. R. E., & Ruosi, C. (2022) · The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness · doi:10.23736/s0022-4707.22.13924-1 · Cited by 19
Towards a dynamic account of chronic pain
Vlaeyen, J. W. S., Haslbeck, J. M. B., Sjouwerman, R., & Peters, M. L. (2022) · Pain · doi:10.1097/j.pain.0000000000002706 · Cited by 19
miRNA packaging into small extracellular vesicles and implications in pain
DaCunza, J., Wickman, J. R., & Ajit, S. K. (2024) · PAIN Reports · doi:10.1097/pr9.0000000000001198 · Cited by 21
“119 Acute pain is usually time-limited and resolves as the underlying cause heals.”
BackgroundZitti, M., Regazzetti, M., Federico, S., Cieślik, B., Cacciante, L., Maselli, F., Storari, L., Ricci, A., Pregnolato, G., & Kiper, P. (2025) · Musculoskeletal Care · doi:10.1002/msc.70041 · Cited by 18
FIGO – IPPS consensus statement: Addressing the global unmet needs of women with chronic pelvic pain
Villegas‐Echeverri, J. D., Robert, M., Carrillo, J. F., Green, I. C., Meinhold-Heerlein, I. M., Attar, R., Pope, R., & Lamvu, G. (2025) · International Journal of Gynecology & Obstetrics · doi:10.1002/ijgo.70093 · Cited by 18
“8,9 The RCOG definition further complicates matters by characterizing CPP primarily as a symptom.”
Getting to Know Pain Effect Sizes—Guidelines for Effect Size and Sample Size in Global Pain Research
Zieliński, G. (2026) · Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2026.01.006 · Cited by 26
Hung, Y., Lin, P., Chiu, H. E., Huang, P., & Hu, W.-L. (2021) · Journal of Pain Research · doi:10.2147/jpr.s308876 · Cited by 18
Olatunji, T. L., Adetunji, A. E., Olisah, C., Idris, O. A., Saliu, O. D., & Siebert, F. (2021) · Plants · doi:10.3390/plants10102070 · Cited by 18
Managing patients’ pain in the intensive care units
Almutairi, A. M., Pandaan, I. N., Alsufyani, A. M., Almutiri, D. R., Alhindi, A. A., & Alhusseinan, K. S. (2022) · Saudi Medical Journal · doi:10.15537/smj.2022.43.5.20220169 · Cited by 18
Psychedelics in the Treatment of Headache and Chronic Pain Disorders
Schindler, E. A. D. (2022) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2022_365 · Cited by 19
Digital body mapping of pain quality and distribution in athletes with longstanding groin pain
Serner, A., Reboul, G., Lichau, O., Weir, A., Heijboer, W. M. P., Vuckovic, Z., & Boudreau, S. A. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-13847-1 · Cited by 18
The Impact of Nurses’ Beliefs, Attitudes, and Cultural Sensitivity on the Management of Patient Pain
Kuhlmann, E., & Tallman, B. A. (2022) · Journal of Transcultural Nursing · doi:10.1177/10436596221109829 · Cited by 19
Underlying Music Mechanisms Influencing the Neurology of Pain: An Integrative Model
Loewy, J. V. (2022) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci12101317 · Cited by 22
Opening KATP channels induces inflammatory tolerance and prevents chronic pain
Cheng, Q., Fan, Y., Zong, L., Chen, M., Ji, L., Wan, L., Jia, R., Qin, X., Wang, Y., Wu, Q., et al. (2022) · Brain Behavior and Immunity · doi:10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.017 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Raja, S. N., Carr, D. B., Cohen, M., Finnerup, N. B., Flor, H., Gibson, S., Keefe, F. J., Mogil, J. S., Ringkamp, M., Sluka, K. A., Song, X.-J., Stevens, B., Sullivan, M. D., Tutelman, P. R., Ushida, T., & Vader, K.
- Affiliations
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Tufts University (US)
- UNSW Sydney (AU)
- Aarhus University (DK)
- Heidelberg University (DE)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Duke University (US)
- McGill University (CA)
- University of Iowa (US)
- Southern University of Science and Technology (CN)
- University of Toronto (CA)
- University of Washington (US)
- Dalhousie University (CA)
- Aichi Medical University (JP)
- Queen's University (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Raja, Srinivasa N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Pain
- Published
- 2020-09
- Volume
- 161
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 1976-1982
- ISSN
- 0304-3959 (ISSN-L)
- 1872-6623
- PMC
- PMC7680716
- OpenAlex
- W3043476716
- Cited by
- 5,223
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 930 · 2025: 1042 · 2024: 1021 · 2023: 905 · 2022: 757 · 2021: 484 · 2020: 78
- FWCI
- 70.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Licence
- other-oa
- Locations
- Pain (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute on Aging (P30AG064201, R01AG058702)
- National Cancer Institute (UG1CA189824)
- National Institute of Nursing Research (U2CNR014637, U24NR014637)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS097221, R01NS026363, U24NS112873)
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (R01AR073187, R01AR070875, UG3AR076387)
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (U24AT010961, U24AT009676)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › History and Philosophy of Science › Medicine, History, and Philosophy
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- pain definition, International Association for the Study of Pain, pain classification, concept of pain, tissue damage
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Pain
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
