The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; none of the 49 sources its claims cite is checked for support yet.
A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels
Open accessAbstract
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether a workplace stress-reduction intervention decreases reactivity to stress among personnel exposed to a highly stressful occupational environment. METHODS: Personnel from a surgical intensive care unit were randomized to a stress-reduction intervention or a waitlist control group. The 8-week group mindfulness-based intervention included mindfulness, gentle yoga, and music. Psychological and biological markers of stress were measured 1 week before and 1 week after the intervention. RESULTS: Levels of salivary α-amylase, an index of sympathetic activation, were significantly decreased between the first and second assessments in the intervention group with no changes in the control group. There was a positive correlation between salivary α-amylase levels and burnout scores. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that this type of intervention could decrease not only reactivity to stress but also the risk of burnout.
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42 Not checked yet · 33 Own result · 18 Own interpretation · 17 Own method · 1 Sources not found
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In addition, there was a strong negative correlation between DASS stress scores and FFMQ non-reactivity scores (r = −0.49, p < 0.0001).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The other facets of mindfulness as measured on the FFMQ (describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience) did not correlate with DASS stress scores.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The scores did not significantly changes between pre- and post-intervention.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were significant negative correlations between scores of the FFMQ non-reactivity and emotional exhaustion on the Maslach’s inventory and burnout on the ProQOL scale (r = −0.3105, p = 0.0125 and r = −0.4998, p < 0.0001 respectively) (Fig 3).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The levels of work stress did not change between the 1st and 2nd sets of assessments (p=0.2316, t=1.224 and p=0.6905, t=0.4021 for MBI and control groups respectively).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and with the ProQOL burnout scores (r = 0.6753, p < 0.0001).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PSS scores did not significantly change between pre-and post-intervention (114% and 115%, respectively for MBI and waiting list group, at 2-months compared to baseline (p = 0.1835, t = 1.394 for intervention group and p = 0.2732, t = 1.137 for control group).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“A weaker, though still significant, negative correlation was also found with the FFMQ observing scores (r = −0.2842, p = 0.0053).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a positive correlation between salivary α-amylase levels and burnout scores.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Salivary α-amylase was, however, significantly correlated with ProQOL burnout scores (r = 0.3490, p = 0.0058).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > Abstract > Results
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was also a positive correlation of DASS stress scores with the Maslach’s inventory emotional exhaustion scores (Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.6359, p < 0.0001)”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 44
- Probably not a substantial claim. 39
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The scores were 7.78±5.53 for depersonalization and 36.5±7.449 for personal accomplishment with no significant difference between the groups (p = 0.685, t = 0.4909 and p = 0.3508, t = 0.9477 respectively).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the DASS stress subscale, 37% had score > 14, the cut-off value for stress, with no significant difference between the two groups (p = 0.1552, t = 1.458).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the PSS, only 12% of participants had a score < 10 (low stress), while 37% had a score > 16 (high stress).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Levels of salivary α-amylase, an index of sympathetic activation, were significantly decreased between the 1st and 2nd assessments in the intervention group with no changes in the control group.”
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
“Levels of salivary α-amylase were reduced by 40% between baseline and 2-month time-points in the MBI group (p = 0.026, t = 2.562) compared to 4% in the control group (Fig 4).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > Abstract > Results
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Also stated in: § RESULTS · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Participants scored the stress level of their work at 7.15 ± 1.89 on a scale of 1 to 10 (with 10 being most stressful) at baseline with no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.8833, t= 0.1480).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the Maslach’s burnout inventory, the average emotional exhaustion subscale score was 23.12±10.1 with 28% of participants having scores > 26 and no difference between intervention and control groups (p = 0.3185, t = 1.0124).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“DASS stress scores decreased 25% in the MBI group (p = 0.040, t = 2.245) compared to a non-significant 13% decline in the control group (p = 0.6675, t = 0.4339) between baseline and 2-month assessments (Fig 2).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the number of participants with scores > 26 on emotional exhaustion decreased 34% in the MBI intervention group with no change in the waiting list control group.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The average value for all participants was 93.6 ±15.9 units/ml (mean ± SEM) with no difference between the two groups (p = 0.6812, t = 0.4152).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The number of participants with DASS stress scores > 14 decreased 66% in the MBI group with no change in the control group.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were positive correlations between salivary α-amylase levels and both DASS stress and Maslach emotional exhaustion scores, though neither reached significance (p = 0.0586 and p = 0.0660, respectively).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“although the percentage of individuals with high scores for emotional exhaustion decreased in the intervention group and not in the waiting-list group.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In our sample, emotional exhaustion was 23.1±10.1 and depersonalization 7.8±5.5.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Separate analysis of the 4 items of the PSS corresponding to over-reactivity showed a decrease in scores (although non-significant, p = 0.09) and no change in the other items.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The average age of the participants was 44.2 and the number of years of experience was 14.5 years with 11.8 years working in the SICU.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plainn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Associations have been found between workplace stressors and changes in the physical and mental health of nurses5.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [5] Chang EM Daly J Hancock KM Bidewell JW Johnson A Lambert VA Lambert CE The relationships among workplace stressors, coping methods, demographic characteristics and health in Australian nurses J Prof Nurs 2006 22 30 38 16459287 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“A stressful work environment is common for health care professionals and several studies have shown the deleterious effects of stress among this population2,3,4.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [2] Lambert VA Lambert CE Literature review of role stress/strain on nurses: an international perspective Nurs Health Sci 2001 3 161 172 11882192 source
- Not checked yetcites [3] Lambert VA Lambert CE Itano J Inouye J Kim S Kuniviktikul W Sitthimongkol Y Pongthavomkamol K Gasemgitvattana S Ito M Cross-cultural comparison of workplace stressors, ways of coping and demographic characteristics as predictors of physical and mental health among hospital nurses in Japan, Thailand, South Korea and the USA (Hawaii) Int J Nurs Stud 2004 41 671 84 15240091 source
- Not checked yetcites [4] Shanafelt TD Balch CM Bechamps G Russell T Dyrbye L Satele D Collicott P Novotny P Sloan J Freischlag J Burnout and Medical Errors Among American Surgeons Ann Surg 2010 251 995 1000 19934755 source
boostedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The study adhered to the CONSORT guidelines for randomized trials23.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Study design
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [23] Boutron I Moher D Altamn DG Schulz KF Ravaud P Methods and processes of the CONSORT group: example of an extension for trials assessing nonpharmacologic treatments Ann Intern Med 2008 148 60 66 18283201 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“nurse burnout associated with increased levels of patient infection13.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [13] Cimiotti JP Aiken LH Sloane DM Wu ES Nurse staffing, burnout, and health care-associated infection Am J Infect Control 2012 40 486 90 22854376 PMC3509207 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was no drop-out and all participants completed the 2 sets of assessments.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plainn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Indeed, employees experiencing stress are on sick leave more often than other workers1.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [1] McCraty R Atkinson M Tomasino D Impact of a workplace stress reduction program on blood pressure and emotional health in hypertensive employees J Altern Complem Med 2003 9 355 369 12816624 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Eligible participants were randomized 1:1 using Graphpad software to intervention group or waiting list control group, with stratification by gender and type of work.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Study design
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There was a limited number of males in our sample, and the stratification by gender assured equal distribution between the two groups (87.5% females for both groups) controlling for possible gender differences in the response to the intervention.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaindirectn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The collection of biological samples and self-report questionnaires were completed during a 2-hr time-frame during the early afternoon, on the same day and at the same time for all participants to control for work-related environmental changes.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Study design
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Increases in salivary amylase correlate not only with experimental stressors, but also with the number and severity of critical life events, suggesting that everyday stress contributes to the regulation of salivary α-amylase levels19.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [19] Nater UM Rohleder N Salivary alpha-amylase as a non-invasive biomarker for the sympathetic nervous system: current state of research Psychoneuroendocrinology 2009 34 486 96 19249160 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The difference in the types of stress symptoms measured by the two scales may explain the discrepancy.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Levels of α-amylase do not display gender differences either at baseline or after acute stress response22”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [22] Takai N Yamaguchi M Aragaki T Eto K Uchihashi K Nishikawa Y Gender-specific differences in salivary biomarker responses to acute psychological stress Ann NY Acad Sci 2007 1098 510 515 17435161 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Chronic stress and stress reactivity have been found associated with increased levels of salivary α-amylase18.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [18] Van Stegeren A Rohleder N Everaerd W Wolf OT Salivary alpha amylase as marker for adrenergic activity during stress: effect of beta-blockade Psychoneuroendocrinology 2006 31 137 41 16046076 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The fact that all the assessments were performed one week after the last group session makes it less likely that the change in the DASS was due to the immediate effect of the intervention or that PSS scores were measured too early to detect an effect.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“In a recent study of more than 3,000 ICU staff, 37% felt highly stressed and 29% had severe burnout9.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [9] Merlani P Verdon M Businger A Domenighetti G Pargger H Ricou B STRESI+ Group Burnout in ICU caregivers: a multicenter study of factors associated to centers Am J Resp Crit Care 2011 184 1140 6 21852543 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Chronic stress at work can also lead to burnout that is characterized by a feeling of emotional exhaustion associated with emotional numbness and/or negative attitude towards self and others6.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [6] Maslach C Schaufeli WB Leiter MP Job burnout Annual Rev Psychol 2001 52 397 422 11148311 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Burnout scores are higher for nurses working in intensive care/emergency services and operating rooms than for nurses working in outpatient clinics8.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Ilahn MN Durukan E Taner E Maral I Bumin MA Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey J Adv Nurs 2007 61 100 106 18034813 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Participants displayed levels of stress (37%) identical to those reported in a large study of 3,000 ICU personnel (37%)8.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [8] Ilahn MN Durukan E Taner E Maral I Bumin MA Burnout and its correlates among nursing staff: questionnaire survey J Adv Nurs 2007 61 100 106 18034813 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It measures the degree to which situations in the individual’s life are perceived as stressful, and its reliability has been demonstrated25.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [25] Mitchell AM Crane PA Kim Y Perceived stress in survivors of suicide: psychometric properties of the Perceived Stress Scale Res Nurs Health 2008 31 576 85 18449942 source
boosted- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The study was approved by the university ethical review board, and all participants provided signed informed consent.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Participants
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“and it negatively correlates with changes in salivary oxytocin, which suppresses sympathetic activation39.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [39] Holt-Lunstad J Birmingham WA Light KC Influence of a “warm touch” support enhancement intervention among married couples on ambulatory blood pressure, oxytocin, alpha amylase, and cortisol Psychosomatic Med 2008 70 976 985 18842740 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Cronbach’s α, was 0.90 for the DASS stress scale.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nurses represented 69% of participants in each group.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plainn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To avoid the changes that occur immediately after waking, measurements were done between 1 and 3 pm.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“For example, increase in skin conductance, another measure of stress reactivity, has been found to decrease during MBSR sessions43 or after stress stimuli following MBSR44.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [43] Lush E Salmon P Floyd A Studts JL Weissbecker I Sephton SE Mindfulness meditation for symptom reduction in fibromyalgia: psychophysiological correlates J Clin Psychol Med Settings 2009 16 200 7 19277851 source
- Not matchedcites [44] Ortner CNM Kilner SJ Zelazo PD Mindfulness meditation and reduced emotional interference on a cognitive task Motivation and Emotion 2007 31 271 83
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The participants’ scores on the PSS may accurately reflect their evaluation of their work stress, which did not decrease between the two assessments.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“It is reasonable to hypothesize that, although the SICU environment remained the same and the participants’ cognitive appraisal of its stressful character did not change, mindfulness training decreased the negative affect and sympathetic reactivity associated with the participants’ perception of stress in their environment.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedgeddirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The SICU environment did not change between the two assessments.
In the paper
“Salivary α-amylase levels are low upon awakening, increase rapidly during the first hour after waking, and then plateau for the rest of the day34.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [34] Nater UM Rohleder N Schlotz W Ehlert U Kirschbaum C Determinants of the diurnal course of salivary alpha-amylase Psychoneuroendocrinology 2007 32 392 401 17418498 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
““Intention to treat “analyses which included all subjects randomized were performed.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Statistical analysis
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To control for potential changes in the levels of stress in the work environment, the study was designed with a waiting list control group and the assessments were done at the same time for all the participants.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaindirectn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“The scale presents good internal consistency with Cronbach’s α of 0.75 for non-reactivity, 0.83 for observing, 0.87 for acting with awareness, 0.91 for describing, and 0.87 for non-judging32.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [32] Baer RA Smith GT Hopkins J Krietemeyer J Toney L Using self-report assessment methods to explore facets of mindfulness Assessment 2006 13 27 45 16443717 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Salivary amylase is a good marker of SAM pathway activation, and a sensitive marker of autonomic reactions to stress, especially sympathetic nervous system function.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [38] Inagaki T Miyaoka T Okazaki S Yasuda H Kawamukai T Utani E Wake R Hayashida M Horiguchi J Tsuji S High salivary alpha-amylase levels in patients with schizophrenia: A pilot study Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2010 34 688 91 20347911 source
- Not checked yetcites [39] Holt-Lunstad J Birmingham WA Light KC Influence of a “warm touch” support enhancement intervention among married couples on ambulatory blood pressure, oxytocin, alpha amylase, and cortisol Psychosomatic Med 2008 70 976 985 18842740 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Cronbach’s α was 0.90 for emotional exhaustion, 0.79 for depersonalization and 0.71 for personal accomplishment29.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Measures
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites [29] Maslach C Jackson SE Leiter MP Maslach burnout inventory 3 Palo Alto Consulting Psychologist Press 1996
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Programs to elicit the relaxation response using mind-body strategies have been developed for patients to cope with chronic stress41.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [41] Park ER Traeger L Vranceanu AM Scult M Lerner JA Benson H Denninger J Friecchione GL The development of a patient-centered program based on the relaxation response: the relaxation response resilience program (3RP) Psychosomatics 2013 54 165 174 23352048 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Intra-assay coefficient of variation was 3.1% and inter-assay coefficient of variation 13.3%.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Measures
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There may have also been a bias in the participant sampling by self-selection of individuals open to the idea of a group intervention with mindfulness and yoga components.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“A randomized study of a biweekly 9-month small group discussion incorporating elements of mindfulness for physicians found no change in stress but a decrease in emotional exhaustion and depersonalization in the intervention group at 9 and 12 months51.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [51] West CP Dyrbye LN Rabatin JT Call TG Davidson JH Multari A Romanski SA Henriksen Hellyer JM Sloan JA Shanafelt TD Intervention to Promote Physician Well-being, Job Satisfaction, and Professionalism; A Randomized Clinical Trial JAMA Intern Med 2014 174 527 33 24515493
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The awareness of the negative effects of stress and burnout among health care professional provides an opportunity for developing evidence-based interventions that can help mitigate these effects and benefit, not only the health providers themselves, but also patients and institutions.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > CONCLUSION
plainconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: fails — It may be too vague to check against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: fails — The paper may give no reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Mindfulness has also been shown to induce a down-regulation of the left amygdala activation during emotional processing in novice practitioners47.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [47] Taylor VA Grant J Daneault V Scavone G Breton E Roffe-Vidal S Courtemanche J Lavarenne AS Beauregard M Impact of mindfulness on the neural responses to emotional pictures in experienced and beginner meditators Neuroimage 2011 57 1524 33 21679770 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Interventions intended to decrease reactivity to stress and specifically designed for high-stress workplace environments could prevent the deleterious effects of stress on the personnel’s health and behavior.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“Long-term practitioners of the relaxation response, through use of various mind-body techniques, have been shown to report lower levels of stress than novices, as well as a reduction in biological markers of stress, such as norepinephrine levels during a relaxation response elicitation42.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [42] Chang BH Dusek JA Benson H Psychobiological changes from relaxation response elicitation: long-term practitioners vs. novices Psychosomatics 2011 52 550 559 22054625 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“an 8-week MBSR intervention has been associated with reduced gray matter density of this structure46.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [46] Hölzel BK Carmody J Evans KC Hoge EA Dusek JA Morgan L Pitman RK Lazar SW Stress reduction correlates with structural changes in the amygdala Soc Cogn Affect Neur 2010 5 11 17 PMC2840837 19776221 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“There were no significant differences between the two groups for age (p = 0.9496, t= 0.0638), years of experience (p = 0.9485, t = 0.06512), or years working in the SICU (p = 0.8702, t = 0.1648).”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plainn = 32- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The generalization of this type of intervention may also be hindered by the specific constraints of this environment and the required support of the institution for it to be feasible.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“It has been tested in large groups of subjects and found to have good discriminant validity28.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > METHODS > Measures
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [28] Henry JD Crawford JR The short-form version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21): construct validity and normative data in a large non-clinical sample Br J Clin Psychol 2005 44 227 39 16004657 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Also, non-reactivity was shown to be inversely correlated with insula activation during stress45.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [45] Paul NA Stanton SJ Greeson JM Smoski MJ Wang L Psychological and neural mechanisms of trait mindfulness in reducing depression vulnerability Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2013 8 56 64 22717383 PMC3541493 source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Non-reactivity is one of the skills, or facets of mindfulness, learned in MBI, and the one that changed the most rapidly during traditional MBSR35.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [35] Baer RA Carmody J Hunsinger M Weekly change in mindfulness and perceived stress in a mindfulness-based stress reduction intervention J Clin Psychol 2012 68 755 765 22623334 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“A study among overweight/obese women found that anxiety levels decreased in the intervention group but PSS scores and levels of chronic stress did not change after a mindfulness intervention36.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [36] Daubenmier J Lin J Blackburn E Hecht FM Kristeller J Maninger N Kuwata M Bacchetti P Havel PJ Epel E Changes in stress, eating, and metabolic factors are related to changes in telomerase activity in a randomized mindfulness intervention pilot study Psychoneuroendocrinology 2012 37 917 28 22169588 PMC3384690 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“An 8-month stress reduction intervention in an industrial plant decreased stress reactivity and salivary α-amylase50.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [50] Limm H Gündel H Heinmüller M Marten-Mittag B Nater UM Siegrist J Angerer P Stress management interventions in the workplace improve stress reactivity: a randomized controlled trial Occup Environ Med 2011 68 126 33 20833759
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Measurements were done in the work setting during a work day to reflect the effects of the stress associated with the work environment on the levels of the enzyme.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > RESULTS
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although the activation of the sympathetic system in response to an acute situation requiring quick decision and action can be beneficial in the SICU environment, symptoms of stress reactivity, such as over-reacting, getting agitated, using a lot of nervous energy, being irritable, may impair functioning, with potential implications both for SICU personnel and the patients for whom they care.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Similarly, among students, an MBSR intervention did not change PSS scores at 2 months follow-up37.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [37] Shapiro SL Brown KW Thoresen C Plante TG The moderation of mindfulness-based stress reduction effects by trait mindfulness: results from a randomized controlled trial J Clin Psychol 2011 67 267 77 21254055 source
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Elicitation of the relaxation response reduces sympathetic nervous system activity40, a mechanism for decreasing reactivity to stress41.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
What the sources say
- Not checked yetcites [40] Hoffman JW Benson H Arns PA Stainbrook GI Landsberg GL Young JB Gill A Reduced sympathetic nervous system responsivity associated with the relaxation response Science 1982 215 190 192 7031901 source
- Not checked yetcites [41] Park ER Traeger L Vranceanu AM Scult M Lerner JA Benson H Denninger J Friecchione GL The development of a patient-centered program based on the relaxation response: the relaxation response resilience program (3RP) Psychosomatics 2013 54 165 174 23352048 source
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
The paper relies on this without support.
The SICU work environment is a real-life stressor that recurs constantly and is difficult to change.
“The SICU work environment represents a real-life stressor recurring on a constant basis and is difficult to amend given the nature of the work.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Work-related stress often cannot be eliminated.
“While work-related stress often cannot be eliminated, effective coping strategies may help decrease its deleterious effects.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Mindfulness increases interoceptive awareness and promotes non-reactivity to internal experience.
“Mindfulness allows the recognition of one’s own internal bodily reactions by increasing interoceptive awareness and, at the same time, promotes experiencing without judgment and the development of non-reactivity to internal experience.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Decreasing reactivity to stress moderates its impact on behavior.
“In particular, decreasing reactivity to stress may moderate its impact on behavior.”
The paper relies on this without support.
Salivary α-amylase is usually measured in response to acute stress.
“Salivary α-amylase is usually measured in response to acute stress.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The insula controls emotions and autonomic functions.
“Given that the insula controls emotions and autonomic functions”
The paper relies on this without support.
Stress increases amygdala volume, which is implicated in threat detection and physiological stress responses.
“While stress increases the volume of the amygdala, which is implicated in threat detection and physiological responses to stress”
The paper relies on this without support.
Chronic activation of the sympathetic system has deleterious health consequences.
“Chronic activation of the sympathetic system carries deleterious consequences on heath.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The PSS items measuring overload, inability to act, and loss of control reflect inherently stressful aspects of the SICU workplace that are not likely to change between assessments.
“These items may reflect inherently stressful aspects of the SICU workplace that are not likely to change between two assessments.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The SICU environment did not change between the two assessments.
“although the SICU environment remained the same”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“and decreases as a result of relaxation [16].”
From The effects of a music and singing intervention during pregnancy on maternal well-being and mother-infant bonding: a randomised, controlled study. (2021) · cites this paper as [16]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Mindfulness in Motion has also effectively decreased biologic markers of sympathetic nervous system activation for health-care professionals working on a surgical intensive care unit, 42”
From Mindfulness in Motion for People with Multiple Sclerosis: A Feasibility Study. (2017) · cites this paper as [42]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“The other two17 41 MBE studies that incorporated yoga both implemented a control group, and both reported no significant change in burnout (MBI) or perceived stress.”
From Workplace interventions to improve well-being and reduce burnout for nurses, physicians and allied healthcare professionals: a systematic review. (2023) · cites this paper as [41]
The check wasn’t confident either way, so it gives no verdict — never disputed.
In the citing paper
“two studies reported non-significant findings in anxiety (Duarte and Pinto-Gouveia 2016; Duchemin et al. 2015)”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Duchemin et al. 2015
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredIn the citing paper
“one study reported a reduction in stress on the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (Lovibond and Lovibond 1995), but a non-significant finding on the Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen et al. 1983; Duchemin et al. 2015).”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Duchemin et al. 2015
In the citing paper
“four studies found non-significant findings in depression (Dobie et al. 2016; Duarte and Pinto-Gouveia 2016; Duchemin et al. 2015; Moody et al. 2013)”
From The Effectiveness of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on the Psychological Functioning of Healthcare Professionals: a Systematic Review (2021) · cites this paper as Duchemin et al. 2015
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
Rated minor: it would not touch a result — a value no result rests on, a p-value that stays on the same side of the significance level, or a conflict that is clerical, resolved elsewhere in the paper, or outside its own findings.
In the paper
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > INTRODUCTION
“In a recent study of more than 3,000 ICU staff, 37% felt highly stressed and 29% had severe burnout9.”
§ A Small Randomized Pilot Study of a Workplace Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Surgical Intensive Care Unit Personnel: Effects on Salivary α-Amylase Levels > DISCUSSION
“Participants displayed levels of stress (37%) identical to those reported in a large study of 3,000 ICU personnel (37%)8.”
Citations
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Metadata
- Authors
- Duchemin, A.-M., Steinberg, B. A., Marks, D. R., Vanover, K., & Klatt, M.
- Affiliations
- The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Duchemin, Anne-Marie
- Venue
- Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine
- Published
- 2015-04
- Volume
- 57
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 393-399
- ISSN
- 1076-2752 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC4624325
- OpenAlex
- W2328924972
- Cited by
- 146
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 19 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 11 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 11 · 2015: 3
- FWCI
- 14.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (UL1TR001070)
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Occupational Health and Burnout
- Keywords
- workplace mindfulness, stress reduction intervention, occupational stress, salivary amylase, sympathetic activation, burnout, yoga, stress reactivity
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Burnout, Professional, Critical Care, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Personnel, Hospital, Pilot Projects, Biomarkers, Occupational Health, Salivary alpha-Amylases, Young Adult, Self Report, Mindfulness
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
A language model drew the claims from the paper on 2026-10-04, under version 3 of the claim definition (model deepseek-v4.1-flash, prompt extract-v3).
A second model labelled each claim on 2026-10-04 (model jev-1.13-20260917, definition revision gold-guideline-v0.2).
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