Self-compassion training modulates alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women

Arch, Joanna J.; Brown, Kirk Warren; Dean, Derek J.; Landy, Lauren N.; Brown, Kimberley D.; Laudenslager, Mark L.

doi:10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.018

Cited by 290Mindfulness and Compassion InterventionsStress Responses and CortisolHeart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control

Self-compassion training modulates alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women

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Arch, Joanna J., Brown, Kirk Warren, Dean, Derek J., Landy, Lauren N., Brown, Kimberley D., Laudenslager, Mark L.·2014·Psychoneuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.018PMC PMC3985278

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Abstract

A growing body of research has revealed that social evaluative stressors trigger biological and psychological responses that in chronic forms have been linked to aging and disease. Recent research suggests that self-compassion may protect the self from typical defensive responses to evaluation. We investigated whether brief training in self-compassion moderated biopsychological responses to the Trier Social Stress Test (TSST) in women. Compared to attention (placebo) and no-training control conditions, brief self-compassion training diminished sympathetic (salivary alpha-amylase), cardiac parasympathetic, and subjective anxiety responses, though not HPA-axis (salivary cortisol) responses to the TSST. Self-compassion training also led to greater self-compassion under threat relative to the control groups. In that social stress pervades modern life, self-compassion represents a promising approach to diminishing its potentially negative psychological and biological effects.

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Only two included studies assessed confounding factors, and only five reported the method of randomization.
“Only two studies assessed confounding factors, such as demand characteristics34,35, and only five reported the method of randomization36–40.”
From The limited prosocial effects of meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
The Methods (Design and Procedures; page unavailable) report a check for cohort effects, and the Statistical Approach describes adjustment for potential confounders. The paper also says participants were randomly assigned, but does not specify how the randomization sequence was generated. As an individual study, it cannot establish the citing document’s counts of two and five included studies. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
These compassion studies used as the major outcome measure a scale of Self-Compassion that assessed the same emotions that were elicited during the intervention.
“Also, these studies used as the major outcome measure a scale of Self-Compassion that assessed the same emotions that were elicited during the intervention35,37,38,47.”
From The limited prosocial effects of meditation: A systematic review and meta-analysis (2018) · cites this paper as [35]
The Methods (Measures; page unavailable) say the study used the Self-Compassion Scale to assess changes in self-compassion, and Methods (Design and Procedures; page unavailable) describe training in kindness and acceptance toward oneself. But the paper also identifies anxiety and physiological responses as major outcomes; it does not present the Self-Compassion Scale as the major outcome measure. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Earlier studies have failed to find any effects of contemplative mental training on HF-HRV at rest.
“Earlier studies have failed to find any effects of contemplative mental training on HF-HRV at rest52–54.”
From Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability through biofeedback is improved by mental contemplative training (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
The null result for Local Power at rest is in line with earlier studies investigating the effects of contemplative mental training on HF-HRV.
“This is in line with earlier studies investigating the effects of contemplative mental training on HF-HRV52–54.”
From Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability through biofeedback is improved by mental contemplative training (2019) · cites this paper as [52]
Recent studies on compassion using alternate forms of measurement, for example physiological measures such as heart-rate variability, provide important additional data to this debate.
“Recent studies on compassion using alternate forms of measurement, for example physiological measures such as heart-rate variability, provide important additional data to this debate [124–129].”
From Validation of the compassionate engagement and action scales, compassion scale, and Sussex-Oxford compassion scales in a French-Canadian sample (2024) · cites this paper as [124]

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Background
A review of self-compassion as an active ingredient in the prevention and treatment of anxiety and depression in young people
Egan, S. J., Rees, C. S., Delalande, J., Greene, D., Fitzallen, G., Brown, S., Webb, M., & Finlay-Jones, A. (2022) · Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1007/s10488-021-01170-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Procrastination and Stress: A Conceptual Review of Why Context Matters
Sirois, F. M. (2023) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20065031 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Characterizing Sleep in Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders
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Self-citation
A Pilot Study of a Mindfulness Intervention for Adolescents and the Potential Role of Self-Compassion in Reducing Stress
Bluth, K., Roberson, P. N. E., & Gaylord, S. A. (2015) · EXPLORE · doi:10.1016/j.explore.2015.04.005 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
A Systematic Review of Mindfulness Interventions on Psychophysiological Responses to Acute Stress
Morton, M. L., Helminen, E. C., & Felver, J. C. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-020-01386-7 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Social anxiety is characterized by biased learning about performance and the self.
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Self-citation
Mindfulness Enhances Episodic Memory Performance: Evidence from a Multimethod Investigation
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Self-citation
Trier Social Stress Test in vivo and in virtual reality: Dissociation of response domains.
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Self-compassionate young adults show lower salivary alpha-amylase responses to repeated psychosocial stress
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From Me to You: Self-Compassion Predicts Acceptance of Own and Others’ Imperfections
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The body compassion scale: Development and initial validation
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The roles of fear of negative evaluation and social anxiety in the relationship between self-compassion and loneliness: a serial mediation model
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Self-compassion and adherence in five medical samples: the role of stress.
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Common Pathways to NSSI and Suicide Ideation: The Roles of Rumination and Self-Compassion
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Self-compassion Modulates Heart Rate Variability and Negative Affect to Experimentally Induced Stress
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Exploration of psychological mechanisms of the reduced stress response in long-term meditation practitioners
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Compassion: Embodied and Embedded
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Self–Compassion is Best Measured as a Global Construct and is Overlapping with but Distinct from Neuroticism: A Response to Pfattheicher, Geiger, Hartung, Weiss, and Schindler (2017)
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Hacking Stigma by Loving Yourself: a Mediated-Moderation Model of Self-Compassion and Stigma
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Meditation, stress processes, and telomere biology
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Self-Compassion and Psycho-Physiological Recovery From Recalled Sport Failure
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A conceptual model describing mechanisms for how yoga practice may support positive embodiment
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The Moderating Effects of Age on the Relationships of Self‐Compassion, Self‐Esteem, and Mental Health
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Self-compassion, minority stress, and mental health in sexual and gender minority populations: A meta-analysis and systematic review.
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Helping from the heart: Voluntary upregulation of heart rate variability predicts altruistic behavior
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Self-Compassion Buffers the Negative Psychological Impact of Stigma Stress on Sexual Minorities
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Cross-Lagged Analyses Between Life Meaning, Self-Compassion, and Subjective Well-being Among Gifted Adults
Vötter, B., & Schnell, T. (2019) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-018-1078-x · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Predictors and moderators of biopsychological social stress responses following brief self-compassion meditation training
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Mindful Parenting is Associated with Adolescents’ Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Through Adolescents’ Psychological Inflexibility and Self-Compassion
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Preliminary Investigation of a Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Social Anxiety Disorder That Integrates Compassion Meditation and Mindful Exposure
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Diary Study: the Protective Role of Self-Compassion on Stress-Related Poor Sleep Quality
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Examining the Relationships Among Self-Compassion, Social Anxiety, and Post-Event Processing
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Effect of Seminar on Compassion on student self-compassion, mindfulness and well-being: A randomized controlled trial
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The Four Immeasurables Meditations: Differential Effects of Appreciative Joy and Compassion Meditations on Emotions
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Self-compassion is associated with reduced self-presentation concerns and increased student communication behavior
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Self-Compassion Induction Reduces Anticipatory Anxiety Among Socially Anxious Students
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The implementation of resilience based clinical supervision to support transition to practice in newly qualified healthcare professionals
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Compassion Is Not a Benzo: Distinctive Associations of Heart Rate Variability With Its Empathic and Action Components
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External shame and its association with depression and anxiety: the moderating role of self-compassion
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A Pilot Study of the 8-Week Mindful Self-Compassion Training Program in a Chinese Community Sample
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Resilience Interventions Conducted in Western and Eastern Countries—A Systematic Review
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Forgive and Let Go: Effect of Self-Compassion on Post-Event Processing in Social Anxiety
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Authors: Arch, J. J., Brown, K. W., Dean, D. J., Landy, L. N., Brown, K. D., & Laudenslager, M. L.
Affiliations: University of Colorado Boulder (US)
Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
University of Colorado Anschutz (US)
Corresponding author: Arch, Joanna J.
ORCID: Arch, Joanna J.
Brown, Kirk Warren
Dean, Derek J.
Laudenslager, Mark L.
Venue: Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2014-04
Volume: 42
Pages: 49-58
ISSN: 0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.018
PMC: PMC3985278
OpenAlex: W2116825219
Semantic Scholar: 0da0a4172d28968f552964c123cc629a2a0dd02f
Cited by: 290
References: 49
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 19 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 30 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 28 · 2016: 20 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 25.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Cancer Institute (CA126971, R01CA126971)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
Keywords: self-compassion training, social-evaluative threat, Trier Social Stress Test, salivary amylase, heart rate variability, sympathetic nervous system, parasympathetic nervous system, anxiety, salivary cortisol, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, women, stress response
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Anxiety, Attention, Empathy, Female, Heart Rate, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Saliva, Stress, Psychological, Meditation, Salivary alpha-Amylases, Young Adult

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Self-compassion training modulates alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women

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