The DOI matches its Crossref record; 91 of the 91 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Appetite control: hormones or diet strategies?
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Appetite control results from metabolic, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence hunger and the desire to eat. We summarize the latest advances in the hormonal and nutritional strategies to control appetite and reduce hunger. RECENT FINDINGS: The fed-hunger-state is regulated by central and peripheric hormones, which modulate energy balance. Leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY (PYY), and other gut-derived peptides represent the main appetite controllers. The role of orexins, obestatin, and liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 has been uncovered recently. New insights have demonstrated the role of hippocampal activity as a possible mechanism of action. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP1) receptor agonists are well known agents controlling appetite. Association of GLP1 receptor agonist, PYY, or glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide agonists have been tested as new approaches. Appetite-control hormones have also risen as factors involved in the efficacy of bariatric procedures. High-protein, ketogenic diet, and intermittent fasting have been described as nutritional strategies to reduce appetite, although the physiological mechanism and long-term safety remains unclear. SUMMARY: Appetite control has been an important target for the treatment of obesity and associated disorders. New studies have demonstrated promising adoption of dietary approaches, hormone-based drugs, and bariatric surgery to control energy intake. Further research will establish a significant association, benefits, and safety of these new therapies.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“During caloric restriction, GLP-1 levels decrease, weakening satiety signals and reducing the insulinotropic effects that aid in glucose regulation.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Known as the “hunger hormone”, ghrelin acts on the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus, upregulating orexigenic neurons like neuropeptide Y (NPY) and agouti-related peptide (AgRP), which powerfully stimulate appetite.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Caloric restriction lowers PYY release, weakening the post-meal satiety effect and enhancing the drive to eat.”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
In the citing paper
“Reduced insulin leads to diminished activation of anorexigenic pathways in the hypothalamus, lowering satiety and enhancing the appetite-promoting effects of NPY and AgRP neurons [32].”
From Beyond Calories: Individual Metabolic and Hormonal Adaptations Driving Variability in Weight Management—A State-of-the-Art Narrative Review (2024) · cites this paper as [32]
Citations
Cites
Caloric Restriction Delays Disease Onset and Mortality in Rhesus Monkeys
Colman, R. J., Anderson, R. M., Johnson, S. C., Kastman, E. K., Kosmatka, K. J., Beasley, T. M., Allison, D. B., Cruzen, C., Simmons, H. A., Kemnitz, J. W., et al. (2009) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1173635 · Cited by 2,277
Sutton, E. F., Beyl, R., Early, K. S., Cefalu, W. T., Ravussin, E., & Peterson, C. M. (2018) · Cell Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.cmet.2018.04.010 · Cited by 1,531
Khera, R., Murad, M. H., Chandar, A. K., Dulai, P. S., Wang, Z., Prokop, L. J., Loomba, R., Camilleri, M., & Singh, S. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.7602 · Cited by 865
Intermittent metabolic switching, neuroplasticity and brain health
Mattson, M. P., Moehl, K., Ghena, N., Schmaedick, M., & Cheng, A. (2018) · Nature Reviews Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn.2017.156 · Cited by 624
Glucagon-like peptide 1 in health and disease
Andersen, A., Lund, A., Knop, F. K., & Vilsbøll, T. (2018) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/s41574-018-0016-2 · Cited by 543
Leptin, Obesity, and Leptin Resistance: Where Are We 25 Years Later
Izquierdo, A. G., Crujeiras, A. B., Casanueva, F. F., & Carreira, M. C. (2019) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu11112704 · Cited by 525
Dietary protein: its role in satiety, energetics, weight loss and health.
Westerterp-Plantenga, M. S., Lemmens, S. G., & Westerterp, K. R. (2012) · British Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1017/s0007114512002589 · Cited by 443 · cited 1×
“Protein is more satiating than other nutrients, and a high-protein diet triggers areas of the brain and secretion of CCK, PYY, and GLP1 [70].”
BackgroundHow May GIP Enhance the Therapeutic Efficacy of GLP-1?
Samms, R. J., Coghlan, M. P., & Sloop, K. W. (2020) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2020.02.006 · Cited by 419
Lonnie, M., Hooker, E., Brunstrom, J. M., Corfe, B. M., Green, M. A., Watson, A., Williams, E. A., Stevenson, E., Penson, S., & Johnstone, A. M. (2018) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu10030360 · Cited by 409
Kirkpatrick, C. F., Bolick, J. P., Kris-Etherton, P. M., Sikand, G., Aspry, K. E., Soffer, D. E., Willard, K.-E., & Maki, K. C. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Lipidology · doi:10.1016/j.jacl.2019.08.003 · Cited by 390
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Theodorakis, N., Kreouzi, M., Pappas, A., & Nikolaou, M. (2024) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms252413438 · Cited by 43
Metadata
- Authors
- Freire, R. H., & Alvarez-Leite, J. I.
- Affiliations
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Alvarez-Leite, Jacqueline I.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2020-06-30
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 328-335
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- 1473-6519
- OpenAlex
- W3038894922
- Cited by
- 37
- References
- 91
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 2
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Keywords
- appetite regulation, hunger, satiety hormones, leptin, insulin, ghrelin, peptide YY, orexin, obestatin, hippocampal activity, GLP-1 receptor agonists, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, bariatric surgery, high-protein diet, ketogenic diet, intermittent fasting, obesity, energy balance
- MeSH terms
- Diet, High-Protein, Appetite Regulation, Energy Metabolism, Fasting, Gastrointestinal Hormones, Hippocampus, Humans, Hunger, Diet, Ketogenic
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
