Muscle stem cells in developmental and regenerative myogenesis
Open accessAbstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Skeletal muscle development serves as a paradigm for cell lineage specification and cell differentiation. Adult skeletal muscle has high regenerative capacity, with satellite cells the primary source of this capability. The present review describes recent findings on developmental and adult myogenesis with emphasis on emerging distinctions between various muscle groups and stages of myogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS: Muscle progenitors of the body are derived from multipotent cells of the dermomyotome and express the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. These cells self-renew or induce expression of myogenic regulatory factors (MRFs) and differentiate. The roles of Pax3, Pax7 and specific myogenic regulatory factor progenitor populations in trunk and limb myogenesis have been identified through cell ablation in the mouse. Various head muscles and associated satellite cells have differing developmental origins, and rely on distinct combinations of transcriptional regulators, than trunk and limb muscles. Several genetic and sorting protocols demonstrate that satellite cells are heterogeneous with some possessing stem cell properties; the relative roles of lineage and niche in these properties are being explored. Although cellular mechanisms of developmental, postnatal and adult regenerative myogenesis are thought to be similar, recent studies reveal distinct genetic requirements for embryonic, fetal, postnatal and adult regenerative myogenesis. SUMMARY: Genetic determinants of formation or repair of various muscles during different stages of myogenesis are unexpectedly diverse. Future studies should illuminate these differences, as well as mechanisms that underlie stem cell properties of satellite cells.
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Muscle injury activates satellite cells to regenerate muscle by releasing IGF1, fibroblast growth factor and mechano growth factor, which stimulate satellite cell differentiation and proliferation.
“Muscle injury activates satellite cells to regenerate muscle by releasing IGF1, fibroblast growth factor and mechano growth factor, all of which stimulate the differentiation and proliferation of muscle satellite cells112,113.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [112]
The Satellite cell heterogeneity section (page unavailable) says muscle injury activates satellite cells to proliferate and differentiate during regeneration. It does not say injury releases IGF1, fibroblast growth factor, or mechano growth factor to stimulate those cells; its discussion of FGF concerns embryonic progenitors instead. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredMuscle protein synthesis is also improved by nutrient-stimulated vasodilation and nutrient transport to local muscle myofibrils.
“Muscle protein synthesis is also improved by nutrient-stimulated vasodilation and nutrient transport to local muscle myofibrils112,124.”
From Sarcopenic obesity in older adults: aetiology, epidemiology and treatment strategies (2018) · cites this paper as [112]
The Introduction and Conclusion describe muscle stem cells, development, and regeneration. A passage in “Satellite cell heterogeneity” discusses signaling between nearby cells and satellite cells, but not nutrient-stimulated vasodilation, nutrient transport to myofibrils, or muscle protein synthesis. Searches for those terms found no passage addressing the claimed mechanism; page numbers were not available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
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- Authors
- Kang, J.-S., & Krauss, R. S.
- Affiliations
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute (KR)
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Corresponding author
- Krauss, Robert S
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care
- Published
- 2010-05
- Volume
- 13
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 243-248
- ISSN
- 1363-1950 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC2872152
- OpenAlex
- W2003122537
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2025: 4 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.64
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition & Metabolic Care (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (AR 46207, R01AR046207)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Muscle Physiology and Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Congenital heart defects research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Developmental Biology and Gene Regulation
- Keywords
- muscle stem cells, myogenesis, skeletal muscle development, satellite cells, dermomyotome, Pax3, Pax7, myogenic regulatory factors, muscle progenitors, cell lineage specification, muscle regeneration, cell niche
- MeSH terms
- PAX3 Transcription Factor, Animals, Cell Differentiation, Gene Expression Regulation, Regeneration, Stem Cells, Myogenic Regulatory Factors, Muscle, Skeletal, Muscle Development, Satellite Cells, Skeletal Muscle, Paired Box Transcription Factors, PAX7 Transcription Factor
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