Thyroid diseases increased the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: A nation-wide cohort study
Open accessAbstract
Thyroid function may alter carbohydrate metabolism via influence of insulin, which may in terms of derangement of thyroid function and insulin function result in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). We investigated the association of thyroid disorders with T2D by a cohort study of the Taiwan nationwide health insurance database.A sub-dataset of the National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD) was used in this study. The thyroid disease (both hyper- and hypo-thyroidism) group was chosen from patients older than 18 years and newly diagnosed between 2000 and 2012. The control group consisted of randomly selected patients who never been diagnosed with thyroid disease and 4-fold size frequency matched with the thyroid disease group. The event of this cohort was T2D (ICD-9-CM 250.x1, 250.x2). Primary analysis was performed by comparing the thyroid disease group to the control group and the second analysis was performed by comparing the hyperthyroidism subgroup, hypothyroidism subgroup, and control group.The occurrence of T2D in the thyroid disease group was higher than the control group with hazard ratio (HR) of 1.23 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.16-1.31]. Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism were significantly higher than control. Significantly higher HR was also seen in female patients, age category of 18 to 39-year-old (y/o) and 40 to 64 y/o subgroups. Higher occurrence of T2D was also seen in thyroid disease patients without comorbidity than in the control group with HR of 1.47 (95% CI = 1.34-1.60). The highest HR was found in the half-year follow-up.There was a relatively high risk of T2D development in patients with thyroid dysfunctions, especially in the period of 0.5 to 1 year after presentation of thyroid dysfunctions. The results suggest performing blood sugar tests in patients with thyroid diseases for early detection and treatment of T2D.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A nation-wide cohort study reported that the occurrence rate of T2DM in hyperthyroid patients decreased after thyroid treatment.
“This is in line with the result from a nation-wide cohort study reporting the occurrence rate of T2DM in hyperthyroid patients decreased after thyroid treatment (69).”
From The progression of secondary diabetes: A review of modeling studies (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
The Discussion (page not supplied) reports that T2D occurrence in patients with thyroid dysfunction decreased after an early peak, including a peak at one year for hyperthyroidism. It only suggests that treatment possibly contributed to the decrease; it does not establish that the decrease occurred after thyroid treatment. (LLM, conf=0.86)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredTreatment of thyroid dysfunctions can reduce the manifestation of T2DM.
“A nation-wide cohort study shows that the treatment of thyroid dysfunctions can reduce the manifestation of T2DM (69).”
From The progression of secondary diabetes: A review of modeling studies (2022) · cites this paper as [69]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
The Triumvirate: β-Cell, Muscle, Liver: A Collusion Responsible for NIDDM
DeFronzo, R. A. (1988) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.37.6.667 · Cited by 2,456 · see citing works
Lillioja, S., Mott, D. M., Spraul, M., Ferraro, R., Foley, J. E., Ravussin, E., Knowler, W. C., Bennett, P. H., & Bogardus, C. (1993) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm199312303292703 · Cited by 1,508 · see citing works
The epidemiology of thyroid disease
Vanderpump, M. P. J. (2011) · British Medical Bulletin · doi:10.1093/bmb/ldr030 · Cited by 1,179 · see citing works
Cooper, D. S. (2005) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra042972 · Cited by 1,008 · see citing works
REGULATION OF PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE (GTP) GENE EXPRESSION
Hanson, R. W., & Reshef, L. (1997) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.biochem.66.1.581 · Cited by 729 · see citing works
Brent, G. A. (2008) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmcp0801880 · Cited by 588 · see citing works
Impaired Glucose Tolerance as a Disorder of Insulin Action
Lillioja, S., Mott, D. M., Howard, B. V., Bennett, P. H., Yki-Järvinen, H., Freymond, D., Nyomba, B. L., Zurlo, F., Swinburn, B., & Bogardus, C. (1988) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejm198805123181901 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Mechanisms of Insulin Resistance in Aging
Fink, R. I., Kolterman, O., Griffin, J., & Olefsky, J. M. (1983) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci110908 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hypothyroidism
Maratou, E., Hadjidakis, D., Κόλλιας, Α., TSEGKA, K. G., Peppa, Μ., Alevizaki, M., Mitrou, P., Lambadiari, V., Boutati, E. I., Nikzas, D., et al. (2009) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-08-0797 · Cited by 459 · see citing works
The relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus and related thyroid diseases
Wang, C. (2013) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2013/390534 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
A systematic review of drug therapy for Graves’ hyperthyroidism
Abraham, P., Avenell, A., Park, C. M., Watson, W. A., & Bevan, J. S. (2005) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje.1.01993 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Thyroid function and risk of type 2 diabetes: a population-based prospective cohort study
Chaker, L., Ligthart, S., Korevaar, T. I. M., Albert Hofman, D., Franco, O. H., Peeters, R. P., & Dehghan, A. (2016) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-016-0693-4 · Cited by 194 · see citing works
Effect of thyroid hormone excess on action, secretion, and metabolism of insulin in humans
Dimitriadis, G., Baker, B., Marsh, H. W., Mandarino, L. J., Rizza, R., Bergman, R. N., Mw, H., & Gerich, J. E. (1985) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.1985.248.5.e593 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Thyroid hormone excess and glucose intolerance
Dimitriadis, G., & Raptis, S. (2001) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2001-18584 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
Depression in people with type 2 diabetes: current perspectives
Darwish, L., Beroncal, E. L., Sison, M. V., & Swardfager, W. (2018) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s106797 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Hypothyroidism Is a Risk Factor for New-Onset Diabetes: A Cohort Study
Gronich, N., Deftereos, S., Lavi, I., Persidis, A., Abernethy, D. R., & Rennert, G. (2015) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc14-2515 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
Stanická, S., Vondra, K., Pelikánová, T., Vlček, P., Hill, M., & Zamrazil, V. (2005) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm.2005.121 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Response of glucose disposal to hyperinsulinaemia in human hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
Rochon, C., Tauveron, I., Dejax, C., BENOIT, P., Capitan, P., Fabricio, A. S. C., BERRY, C., Champredon, C., Thiéblot, P., & Grizard, J. (2002) · Clinical Science · doi:10.1042/cs1040007 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
The effect of age on insulin resistance and secretion: a review.
Muller, D. C., Elahi, D., Tobin, J. D., & Andres, R. (1996) · PubMed · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Studies of insulin resistance in patients with clinical and subclinical hyperthyroidism
Maratou, E., Hadjidakis, D., Peppa, Μ., Alevizaki, M., TSEGKA, K. G., Lambadiari, V., Mitrou, P., Boutati, E. I., Κόλλιας, Α., Economopoulos, T., et al. (2010) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/eje-10-0246 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Insulinooporność a choroby tarczycy
Gierach, M., Gierach, J., & Junik, R. (2014) · Endokrynologia Polska · doi:10.5603/ep.2014.0010 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Shulman, G. I., Ladenson, P. W., WOLFE, M. H., Ridgway, E. C., & Wolfe, R. R. (1985) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci112032 · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Diabetes Mellitus and Thyroid Disease
Mouradian, M. M., & Abourizk, N. N. (1983) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/diacare.6.5.512 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Raynor, L. A., Pankow, J. S., Duncan, B. B., Schmidt, M. I., Hoogeveen, R. C., Pereira, M. A., Young, J. H., & Ballantyne, C. M. (2012) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc12-0609 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Insulin Metabolism in Hypothyroidism
Shah, J. H., Motto, G. S., Papagiannes, E., & WILLIAMS, G. A. (1975) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/diab.24.10.922 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Chien, T., Chang, Y., & Wang, H. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000009967 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
High protein diet is of benefit for patients with type 2 diabetes: An updated meta-analysis
Zhao, W.-T., Luo, Y., Zhang, Y., Zhou, Y., & Zhao, T.-T. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013149 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Roubsanthisuk, W., Watanakejorn, P., Tunlakit, M., & Sriussadaporn, S. (2006) · PubMed · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and thyroid disease: a two-sided analysis
Sotak, Š., Felšöci, M., & Lazúrová, I. (2018) · Bratislavské lekárske listy/Bratislava medical journal · doi:10.4149/bll_2018_067 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Song, S. J., Han, K., Lee, S., & Park, J. (2017) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000008694 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Prevalence of diabetes among hypothyroid subjects.
Ashrafuzzaman, S., Taib, A., Rahman, R., & Latif, Z. (2012) · PubMed · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Prevention of type 2 diabetes mellitus with acupuncture
Shi, L., Feng, L., Yang, Y., Li, X., Zhang, M., Zhang, Y., & Ni, Q. (2018) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000013355 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sotak, Š., Lazúrová, I., Felšöci, M., Nováková, B., & Wagnerová, H. (2018) · Vnitřní lékařství · doi:10.36290/vnl.2018.033 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 34 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The role of thyroid hormone in metabolism and metabolic syndrome
Teixeira, P. D. F. D. S., dos Santos, P. B., & Pazos-Moura, C. C. (2020) · Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1177/2042018820917869 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Thyroid hormones in diabetes, cancer, and aging
Gauthier, B. R., Sola‐García, A., Cáliz‐Molina, M. Á., Lorenzo, P. I., Cobo‐Vuilleumier, N., Capilla‐González, V., & Martín‐Montalvo, A. (2020) · Aging Cell · doi:10.1111/acel.13260 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Rong, F., Dai, H., Wu, Y., Li, J., Liu, G., Chen, H., & Zhang, X. (2021) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-021-02121-2 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Thyroid Function and the Risk of Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes
Dueñas, O. H. R., van der Burgh, A. C., Ittermann, T., Ligthart, S., Ikram, M. A., Peeters, R. P., & Chaker, L. (2022) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgac006 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Roh, E., Noh, E., Hwang, S. Y., Kim, J. A., Song, E., Park, M., Choi, K. M., Baik, S. H., Cho, G. J., & Yoo, H. J. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab776 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Li, Y., Yi, M., Deng, X., Li, W., Chen, Y., & Zhang, X. (2022) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s355727 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Adolescent Thyroid Disorders and Risk for Type 2 Diabetes in Young Adulthood
Bardugo, A., Derazne, E., Zucker, I., Bendor, C. D., Puris, G., Lutski, M., Pinhas‐Hamiel, O., Cukierman‐Yaffe, T., Mosenzon, O., Schechter, M., et al. (2021) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgab382 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Wang, L., Chen, T., Yu, J., Yuan, H., Deng, X., & Zhao, Z. (2020) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2020/2172781 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
MorbiNet Study: Hypothyroidism Comorbidity Networks in the Adult General Population
Moratalla-Navarro, F., Moreno, V. R., López‐Simarro, F., & Aguado, A. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa927 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
A predictive model for hyperuricemia among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients in Urumqi, China
Abudureyimu, P., Pang, Y., Huang, L., Luo, Q., Zhang, X., Xu, Y., Jiang, L., & Mohemaiti, P. (2023) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-023-16669-6 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Nie, X., Shen, Y., Ma, X., Xu, Y., Wang, Y., Zhou, J., & Bao, Y. (2020) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s236698 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Jafari, S., Dehghani, M., Ghaem, H., Soveid, M., & Hashemi, H. (2023) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-023-27560-0 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Laclaustra, M., Alonso‐Ventura, V., Schipf, S., Lou-Bonafonte, J. M., Dörr, M., Trincado-Aznar, P., Völzke, H., Nauck, M. A., Civeira, F., & Ittermann, T. (2024) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgae110 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zahedi, M., Kazemian, E., Tehrani, F. R., Tohidi, M., Azizi, F., Khalili, D., Rahmati, M., & Amouzegar, A. (2020) · BMC Endocrine Disorders · doi:10.1186/s12902-020-00627-z · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Intricate Relationship Between Thyroid Disorders and Type 2 Diabetes—A Narrative Review
Tilici, D.-M., Păun, D. L., Arnautu, A. M., Mirică, A., Duţă, C., Costea, M., & Guja, C. (2025) · Diabetology · doi:10.3390/diabetology6050041 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Siscart, J., Perejón, D., Serna, M. C., Orós, M., Godoy, P., & Sole, E. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0278426 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Amirabadizadeh, A., Ghorbani, A., Azizi, F., Abdi, H., Amouzegar, A., & Mehran, L. (2025) · Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40200-025-01612-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Lin, C., Tien, P., Chang, C.-H., Hsia, N., Yang, Y., Lai, C., Bair, H., Chen, H., & Tsai, Y. (2020) · Ocular Immunology and Inflammation · doi:10.1080/09273948.2020.1762899 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Gao, X., Wang, X., Zhong, Y., Liu, L., Teng, W., & Shan, Z. (2022) · Journal of Diabetes Research · doi:10.1155/2022/2552186 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
The progression of secondary diabetes: A review of modeling studies
Yang, B., Li, J., Haller, M. J., Schatz, D. A., & Rong, L. (2022) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2022.1070979 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
El‐Sehrawy, A. A. M. A., Elkhamisy, E. T., Badawi, A. E., Elshahawy, H. A., Elsayed, E., Mohammed, N. T., & El-Eshmawy, M. M. (2021) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530321666210809151258 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Bouazza, A., Favier, R. J. M., Fontaine, E. M., Leverve, X. M., & Koceir, E.-A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14153044 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Type 2 diabetes and thyroid cancer: Synergized risk with rising air pollution
Kruger, E. M., Shehata, S. A., Toraih, E. A., Abdelghany, A. A., & Fawzy, M. S. (2023) · World Journal of Diabetes · doi:10.4239/wjd.v14.i7.1037 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sujata, S., Gayathri, B., & Thakur, R. (2023) · Value in Health Regional Issues · doi:10.1016/j.vhri.2023.09.009 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Çatma, Y., Edizer, A., Bayramlar, O. F., Gül, N., Selçukbiricik, Ö. S., Karşıdağ, K., & Üzüm, A. K. (2025) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina61081427 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Kim, H. J., Hong, G., Hwang, J., Kazmi, S. Z., Kim, K. H., Kang, T., Swan, H., Cha, J., Kim, Y. S., Kim, K. U., et al. (2023) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgad083 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A Case Report of Intratesticular Hematoma in a Patient with Reiter’s Syndrome
Jhang, J.-J., Chen, S., Huang, C., Chen, H., Lin, W., Chen, Y., & Chen, W. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13121993 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Association between central thyroid hormone sensitivity and prediabetes: Tehran thyroid study
Mehran, L., Honarvar, M., Tohidi, M., Adib, M., Azizi, F., & Amouzegar, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2025.1534058 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Twig, G., Simchoni, M., Dym, I., Vinograd, A., Bendor, C. D., Bardugo, A., Tsur, A. M., Zucker, I., Lutski, M., Derazne, E., et al. (2025) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc25-1423 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Park, J., Jung, J., Park, H., Song, Y. S., Kim, S.-K., Cho, Y.-W., Han, K., & Kim, K. (2024) · BMC Medicine · doi:10.1186/s12916-024-03472-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Association of thyroid disorders with diabetes: A cross-sectional study
Zafar, M., Shahid, S. M. A., Alshammari, R. F., Kausar, M. A., Ginawi, T., HATIM, A. W., WADI, A. M., ALI, H., HAMED, A. A., AL-ZAHRANI, M. S., et al. (2022) · Nusantara Bioscience · doi:10.13057/nusbiosci/n140201 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Zheng, S., Wang, Z.-Y., Yang, L., & Zhang, X.-Y. (2023) · BMC Psychiatry · doi:10.1186/s12888-023-05150-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nowak, A., Podlewski, J., Hubalewska–Dydejczyk, A., & Trofimiuk-Müldner, M. (2025) · European Thyroid Journal · doi:10.1530/etj-24-0317 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Chen, H., Ju, J.-Q., Qian, X.-W., Zhu, Z., Zhao, C., & Liu, Z. (2023) · Diabetes Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity · doi:10.2147/dmso.s431941 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Binjawhar, D. N., & Mohammedsaeed, W. M. (2024) · Medicine · doi:10.1097/md.0000000000039339 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Correlation of Hypothyroidism with Age and Comorbidities Among Women: A Cross-Sectional Study
Ifthikhar, M. B., & Dhamotharaswamy, K. (2024) · Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapeutics · doi:10.1177/0976500x241266077 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Sarabhai, T., & Kostev, K. (2025) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-24-0554 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Lai, X., & Zhang, L. (2025) · HORMONES · doi:10.1007/s42000-025-00653-3 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Thyroid Hormones and Diabetes in Euthyroid Hispanic/Latino Adults of Diverse Backgrounds: HCHS/SOL
Persky, V., Abasilim, C., Tsintsifas, K., Day, T., Sargis, R. M., Daviglus, M. L., Cai, J., Freels, S. A., Kaplan, R. C., Isasi, C. R., et al. (2024) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/jendso/bvae039 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Alyousif, H., Ahmed, M. A. S., Khair, A. M., Alharbi, F. H., Hassan, S., Elbadwi, N. M., & Musa, I. R. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine Research · doi:10.14740/jocmr4886 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Evaluation of the risk of hypothyroidism and its clinical manifestations using the Zulewski scale
Ferreira‐Hermosillo, A., Toledo, J. O., & Cordoba, K. (2024) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2024.1416663 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Quintanilla, K., Joo, K. M., Torre, H. L. L., Neyra-Rivera, C., Gutiérrez, E. L., Parodi, J. F., & Runzer-Colmenares, F. M. (2024) · Current Gerontology and Geriatrics Research · doi:10.1155/2024/2156630 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Thyroid disorders among patients with type II Diabetes Mellitus
Salih, M. A. H. (2019) · Kurdistan Journal of Applied Research · doi:10.24017/science.2019.ichms.10
Singh, R. P., Goyal, R., Gupta, N. K., Prerna, P., & Kumar, A. (2020) · Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare · doi:10.18410/jebmh/2020/549
Role of Leptin with hypothyroidism in Iraqi diabetic type 2 patients
Hasan, S. M. (2021) · Bionatura · doi:10.21931/rb/2021.06.04.22
The Relationships Between Adolescent Thyroid Disease and Adult Type 2 Diabetes
Francis, G. L. (2022) · Clinical Thyroidology · doi:10.1089/ct.2022;34.6-8
Ergenç, Z., Ocak, Ö. K., Aksoy, E., & Ergenç, H. (2023) · Konuralp Tıp Dergisi · doi:10.18521/ktd.1159387
Akbarzadeh, M., Heidari‐Foroozan, M., Talebi, S., Habibi, D., Fateh, S. T., Neshati, F., Valizadeh, M., Ghanooni, A. H., Majd, H. A., Riahi, P., et al. (2023) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.11.07.23296920
Thyroid Levels as Hidden and Alarming Implicator among Diabetics
Kapoor, S. (2024) · Journal of chemical health risks · doi:10.52783/jchr.v14.i01.2184
Thyroid Levels as Hidden and Alarming Implicator among Diabetics
Kapoor, S. (2024) · Journal of chemical health risks · doi:10.52783/jchr.v14.i2.2184
Hypothyroidism and comorbidities in elderly
Trailov, D., & Trailov, D. (2024) · Gerontologija casopis gerontoloskog drustva Srbije · doi:10.5937/ger2402083t
Krysiak, R. G., Kowalcze, K. E., Szkróbka, W., & Okopień, B. (2025) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics17040442
Effect of apelin level in Iraqi diabetic women with hypothyroidism
Isaa, M. Q., & Tahir, N. T. (2025) · Polski Merkuriusz Lekarski · doi:10.36740/merkur202502110
Implications of Thyroid Disease in Hospitalized Patients With Hidradenitis Suppurativa
Singal, A. (2025) · Cutis · doi:10.12788/cutis.1188
Rong, F., Dai, H., Wu, Y., Li, J., Liu, G., Chen, H., & Zhang, X. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.16841189
Park, J., Jung, J.-H., PARK, H., Song, Y. S., Kim, S.-K., Cho, Y.-W., Han, K., & Kim, K.-S. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26054578
Zahedi, M., Kazemian, E., Ramezani-Tehrani, F., Tohidi, M., Azizi, F., Khalili, D., Rahmati, M., & Amouzegar, A. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13031215
Al-ghareebawi, A. M. A. (2026) · Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery · doi:10.1007/s12070-026-06541-5
- Authors
- Chen, R.-H., Chen, H.-Y., Man, K.-M., Chen, S.-J., Chen, W., Liu, P.-L., Chen, Y.-H., & Chen, W.-C.
- Affiliations
- China Medical University Hospital (TW)
- China Medical University (TW)
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital (TW)
- Kaohsiung Medical University (TW)
- Asia University (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Weishan
- Chen, Yung-Hsiang
- Chen, Wen-Chi
- Venue
- Medicine
- Published
- 2019-05
- Volume
- 98
- Issue
- 20
- Pages
- e15631
- ISSN
- 0025-7974 (ISSN-L)
- 1536-5964
- PMC
- PMC6531080
- OpenAlex
- W2946205931
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 4.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Medicine (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Academia Sinica (BM10701010021, MOST 106-2321-B-039-005, MOHW107-TDU-B-212-123004)
- China Medical University Hospital (MOST 106-2321-B-039-005, (BM10701010021), MOHW107‐TDU‐B‐212‐123004)
- China Medical University (BM10701010021, MOST 107-2320-B-039-034, MOST 107-2314-B-039-036, DMR-108-081, MOHW107-TDU-B-212-123004)
- Division of Materials Research
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Thyroid and Parathyroid Surgery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Keywords
- thyroid dysfunction, type 2 diabetes, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, insulin resistance, carbohydrate metabolism, diabetes risk, comorbidities
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Female, Humans, Hypertension, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Male, Middle Aged, National Health Programs, Obesity, Risk Factors, Sex Factors, Taiwan, Thyroid Function Tests, Cohort Studies, Comorbidity, Proportional Hazards Models, Dyslipidemias, Young Adult
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
