Evolving utility of sex hormone-binding globulin measurements in clinical medicine
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) regulates the plasma levels and biological actions of the sex steroids: testosterone and estradiol. Advances in our understanding of how plasma SHBG levels are determined, and how SHBG functions, have provided insight into how SHBG should be used to assess the actions of its sex-steroid ligands, and as a biomarker of metabolic and endocrine abnormalities. RECENT FINDINGS: Plasma SHBG levels fluctuate throughout life in response to the changes in metabolic and physiologic states, and are altered by natural hormones and synthetic steroids. Interindividual differences in plasma SHBG levels and activity are also influenced by polymorphisms within the structural and regulatory regions of the SHBG gene. SUMMARY: Measurements of SHBG are widely used to predict plasma free testosterone levels in patients suffering from excess androgen exposures, but have broader utility in assessing the risk for endocrine diseases and clinical sequelae of the metabolic syndrome, namely, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease. It is anticipated that new genetic and functional data regarding SHBG will reveal whether SHBG is simply a biomarker of these diseases or participants in their cause.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
SHBG is a marker of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in both men and women.
“SHBG is a marker of de novo hepatic lipogenesis in both men and women [81], [82].”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [81]
The apparent contradiction in testosterone associations between men and women is due to decrease in SHBG and its effect on assessment of testosterone.
“The apparent contradiction that low testosterone levels are associated with insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome in men when the association is with high testosterone levels in women is the result of the decrease in SHBG and its consequent effect on the assessment of testosterone in each sex [81].”
From Impact of Five Nights of Sleep Restriction on Glucose Metabolism, Leptin and Testosterone in Young Adult Men (2012) · cites this paper as [81]
SHBG polymorphisms directly affect the expression and variability of SHBG itself as well as systemic free testosterone and estradiol.
“Similar to findings with the AR gene, SHBG polymorphisms also directly impact the expression and variability of SHBG itself as well as systemic fT and E2.”
From Challenges in Testosterone Measurement, Data Interpretation, and Methodological Appraisal of Interventional Trials (2016) · cites this paper as [100]
Cites
A Critical Evaluation of Simple Methods for the Estimation of Free Testosterone in Serum
Vermeulen, A., Verdonck, L., & Kaufman, J. M. (1999) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.84.10.6079 · Cited by 3,824 · see citing works
Polycystic ovary syndrome: etiology, pathogenesis and diagnosis
Goodarzi, M. O., Dumesic, D. A., Chazenbalk, G., & Azziz, R. (2011) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2010.217 · Cited by 1,488 · see citing works
DUNN, J. F., NISULA, B. C., & RODBARD, D. (1981) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-53-1-58 · Cited by 1,238 · see citing works
Thyroid Function and Human Reproductive Health
Krassas, G. E., Poppe, K., & Glinoer, D. (2010) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2009-0041 · Cited by 1,223 · see citing works
Sex hormone-binding globulin and risk of type 2 diabetes in women and men
Ding, E. L., Song, Y., Manson, J. E., Hunter, D. J., Lee, C. C., Rifai, N., Buring, J. E., Gaziano, J. M., & Liu, S. (2009) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa0804381 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
Wang, C., Cunningham, G., Dobs, A., Iranmanesh, A., Matsumoto, A. M., Snyder, P. J., Weber, T., Berman, N., Hull, L., & Swerdloff, R. S. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-032006 · Cited by 656 · see citing works
Dunaif, A. E., Scott, D., Finegood, D. T., Quintana, B., & Whitcomb, R. W. (1996) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.81.9.8784087 · Cited by 560 · see citing works
The Foxa family of transcription factors in development and metabolism
Friedman, J. R., & Kaestner, K. (2006) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences (CMLS) · doi:10.1007/s00018-006-6095-6 · Cited by 541 · see citing works
Burger, H. G., Dudley, E. C., Cui, J., Dennerstein, L., & Hopper, J. L. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.85.8.6740 · Cited by 439 · see citing works
Burger, H. (2000) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.85.8.2832 · Cited by 347 · see citing works
Diverse Roles for Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin in Reproduction
Hammond, G. L. (2011) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.111.092593 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic determinants of serum testosterone concentrations in men
Ohlsson, C., Wallaschofski, H., Lunetta, K. L., Stolk, L., Perry, J. R. B., Koster, A., Petersen, A.-K., Eriksson, J., Lehtimäki, T., Huhtaniemi, I. T., et al. (2011) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1002313 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Self-citationHammond, G. L., & Lähteenmäki, P. L. A. (1983) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/0009-8981(83)90237-1 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Self-citationPerry, J. R. B., Weedon, M. N., Langenberg, C., Jackson, A. U., Lyssenko, V., Sparsø, T., Thorleifsson, G., Grallert, H., Ferrucci, L., Maggio, M., et al. (2010) · Human Molecular Genetics · doi:10.1093/hmg/ddp522 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Testosterone Pellets in Man
Handelsman, D. J., Conway, A. J., & Boylan, L. M. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-1-216 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Sex hormone-binding globulin and type 2 diabetes mellitus
Le, T. N., Nestler, J. E., Strauss, J. F., & Wickham, E. P. (2012) · Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2011.09.005 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Predictive accuracy and sources of variability in calculated free testosterone estimates
Sartorius, G., Ly, L. P., Sikaris, K., McLachlan, R., & Handelsman, D. J. (2009) · Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine · doi:10.1258/acb.2008.008171 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Obesity, fat distribution and infertility
Pasquali, R. (2006) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2006.04.018 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Potential Role of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α in Downregulating Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin
Simó, R., Barbosa-Desongles, A., Lecube, A., Hernández, C., & Selva, D. M. (2011) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db11-0727 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Selva, D. M., & Hammond, G. L. (2009) · Journal of Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1677/jme-09-0025 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Self-citationCousin, P., Michel‐Calemard, L., Lejeune, H., Raverot, G., Yessaad, N., Emptoz-Bonneton, A., Morel, Y., & PUGEAT, M. M. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2002-021553 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Elmlinger, M. W., Kühnel, W., Wormstall, H., & Döller, P. C. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Bhasin, S., Jasjua, G. K., Pencina, M. J., D’Agostino, R. B., Coviello, A. D., Vasan, R. S., & Travison, T. G. (2011) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc11-0888 · Cited by 120 · see citing works
Human sex hormone–binding globulin variants associated with hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction
Hogeveen, K. N., Cousin, P., PUGEAT, M. M., Dewailly, D., Soudan, B., & Hammond, G. L. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci14060 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationHuman sex hormone-binding globulin variants associated with hyperandrogenism and ovarian dysfunction
Hogeveen, K. N., Cousin, P., Pugeat, M., Dewailly, D., Soudan, B., & Hammond, G. L. (2002) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci0214060 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Self-citationAssociation of decreased sex hormone binding globulin and cardiovascular risk factors.
Haffner, S. M., Katz, M. S., D, M. P. S. M., & Dunn, J. F. (1989) · Arteriosclerosis An Official Journal of the American Heart Association Inc · doi:10.1161/01.atv.9.1.136 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Hogeveen, K. N., Talikka, M., & Hammond, G. L. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m104681200 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationEriksson, A. L., Lorentzon, M., Mellström, D., Vandenput, L., Swanson, C., Andersson, N., Hammond, G. L., Jakobsson, J., Rane, A., Orwoll, E. S., et al. (2006) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2006-0679 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Self-citationHypogonadism in male patients with cancer
Garcia, J. M., Li, H., Mann, D. L., Epner, D. E., Hayes, T. G., Marcelli, M., & Cunningham, G. R. (2006) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.21889 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Jänne, M., & Hammond, G. L. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.51.34105 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationStructural analyses of sex hormone-binding globulin reveal novel ligands and function
Avvakumov, G. V., Cherkasov, A., Muller, Y. A., & Hammond, G. L. (2010) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.09.005 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Self-citationAccess of reproductive steroids to target tissues
Hammond, G. L. (2002) · Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0889-8545(02)00008-6 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Self-citationAvvakumov, G. V., Grishkovskaya, I., Muller, Y. A., & Hammond, G. L. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m106274200 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citationHaiman, C. A., Riley, S. E., Freedman, M. L., Setiawan, V. W., Conti, D. V., & Marchand, L. L. (2005) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2004-1417 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Power, S. G., Bocchinfuso, W. P., Pallesen, M., Warmels-Rodenhiser, S., BAELEN, H. V., & Hammond, G. L. (1992) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem.75.4.1400872 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Self-citationPeroxisome-Proliferator Receptor γ Represses Hepatic Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin Expression
Selva, D. M., & Hammond, G. L. (2009) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2008-1289 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationGenetic variants of sex hormone-binding globulin and their biological consequences
Xita, N. V., & Tsatsoulis, A. A. (2009) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2009.08.025 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Sørensen, K., Andersson, A. M., Skakkebæk, N. E., & Juul, A. (2007) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2007-0231 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Ng, K.-M., Catalano, M. G., Pinós, T., Selva, D. M., Avvakumov, G. V., Munell, F., & Hammond, G. L. (2006) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m512370200 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationThompson, D. J., Healey, C. S., Baynes, C., Kalmyrzaev, B., Ahmed, S., Dowsett, M., Folkerd, E., Luben, R. N., Cox, D., Ballinger, D., et al. (2008) · Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-0734 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Bulman, M., Dronsfield, M. J., Frayling, T. M., Appleton, M., Bain, S. C., Ellard, S., & Hattersley, A. T. (1997) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s001250050760 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Cousin, P., Déchaud, H., Grenot, C., Lejeune, H., Hammond, G. L., & PUGEAT, M. M. (1999) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(99)00101-6 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationSex steroids and steroid binding proteins in female alcoholic liver disease
Carlström, K., Eriksson, S., & Rannevik, G. (1986) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/acta.0.1110075 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Lee, I.-W., Kuo, P., Su, M., Kuan, L.-C., Hsu, C., & Kuo, P. (2011) · Human Reproduction · doi:10.1093/humrep/der062 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Stone, J., Folkerd, E. J., Doody, D., Schroen, C., Treloar, S. A., Giles, G. G., Pike, M. C., English, D. R., Southey, M. C., Hopper, J. L., et al. (2009) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2009-0713 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhang, B., Beeghly-Fadiel, A. C., Lu, W., Cai, Q., Xiang, Y.-B., Zheng, Y., Long, J., Ye, C., Gu, K., Shu, X. O., et al. (2011) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwr004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Carlström, K., Eriksson, A., Gustafsson, S. A., Henriksson, P., Pousette, Å., Stege, R., & von Schoultz, B. (1985) · International Journal of Andrology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2605.1985.tb00814.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Xu, W., Zheng, W., Cai, Q., Cheng, J., Cai, H., Xiang, Y., & Shu, X. O. (2008) · Nutrition and Cancer · doi:10.1080/01635580802192833 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Krause, A., Sinnecker, G. H. G., Hiort, O., Thamm, B., & Hoepffner, W. (2004) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/s-2004-817969 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
LEGER, J., FOREST, M. G., & CZERNICHOW, P. (1990) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jcem-71-5-1147 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Mousavinasab, F., Tähtinen, T., Jokelainen, J. J., Koskela, P. U., Vanhala, M. J., Oikarinen, J. A., Laakso, M., & Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M. (2006) · Endocrine · doi:10.1385/endo:30:2:185 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Costantino, L., Catalano, M. G., Frairia, R., Carmazzi, C. M., Barbero, M., Coluccia, C., Donadio, M., Genta, F. T., Drogo, M., Boccuzzi, G., et al. (2008) · Breast Cancer Research and Treatment · doi:10.1007/s10549-008-0031-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Saltiki, K., Stamatelopoulos, K. S., Voidonikola, P. T., Lazaros, L. A., Mantzou, A., Georgiou, I. A., Anastasiou, E., Papamichael, C. M., & Alevizaki, M. K. (2011) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2011.06.053 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
A Reappraisal of Testosterone’s Binding in Circulation: Physiological and Clinical Implications
Goldman, A. L., Bhasin, S., Wu, F. C. W., Krishna, M., Matsumoto, A. M., & Jasuja, R. (2017) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/er.2017-00025 · Cited by 414 · see citing works
Plasma steroid-binding proteins: primary gatekeepers of steroid hormone action
Hammond, G. L. (2016) · Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1530/joe-16-0070 · Cited by 356 · see citing works
Self-citationReynolds, A. C., Dorrian, J., Liu, P. Y., Van Dongen, H. P. A., Wittert, G. A., Harmer, L. J., & Banks, S. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0041218 · Cited by 233 · see citing works
Laurent, M. R., Hammond, G. L., Blokland, M., Jardí, F., Antonio, L., Dubois, V., Khalil, R., Sterk, S. S., Gielen, E., Decallonne, B., et al. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep35539 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Self-citationAntonio, L., Wu, F. C. W., O'Neill, T. W., Pye, S. R., Ahern, T. B., Laurent, M. R., Huhtaniemi, I. T., Lean, M. E. J., Keevil, B. G., Rastrelli, G., et al. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4106 · Cited by 174 · see citing works
Sex hormone-binding globulin and polycystic ovary syndrome
Zhu, J., Chen, Z., Feng, W., Long, S.-L., & Mo, Z. (2019) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2019.09.010 · Cited by 171 · see citing works
Thaler, M. A., Seifert-Klauss, V., & Luppa, P. B. (2015) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2015.06.005 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Xing, C., Zhang, J., Zhao, H., & He, B. (2022) · International Journal of Women's Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s344542 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Defining Hyperandrogenism in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Challenging Perspective
Pasquali, R., Zanotti, L., Fanelli, F., Mezzullo, M., Fazzini, A., Labate, A. M. M., Repaci, A., Ribichini, D., & Gambineri, A. (2016) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-4009 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Narinx, N., David, K., Walravens, J., Vermeersch, P., Claessens, F., Fiers, T., Lapauw, B., Antonio, L., & Vanderschueren, D. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04562-1 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Trost, L. W., & Mulhall, J. P. (2016) · The Journal of Sexual Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jsxm.2016.04.068 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Khera, M., Broderick, G. A., Carson, C. C., Dobs, A. S., Faraday, M. M., Goldstein, I., Hakim, L. S., Hellstrom, W. J. G., Kacker, R., Köhler, T. S., et al. (2016) · Mayo Clinic Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2016.04.022 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Fabbri, E., An, Y., González‐Freire, M., Zoli, M., Maggio, M. G., Studenski, S. A., Egan, J. M., Chia, C. W., & Ferrucci, L. (2016) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A · doi:10.1093/gerona/glw021 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Principles and pitfalls of free hormone measurements
Faix, J. D. (2013) · Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.beem.2013.06.007 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Distinguishing between endocrine disruption and non-specific effects on endocrine systems
Marty, S., Borgert, C. J., Coady, K. K., Green, R., Levine, S. L., Mihaich, E. M., Ortego, L. S., Wheeler, J. R., Yi, K. D., & Zorrilla, L. M. (2018) · Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.yrtph.2018.09.002 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Gyawali, P., Martin, S., Heilbronn, L. K., Vincent, A. D., Taylor, A. W., Adams, R., O’Loughlin, P. D., & Wittert, G. (2018) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-018-1163-6 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
HIV and Sexual Dysfunction in Men
Vincentis, S. D., Tartaro, G., Rochira, V., & Santi, D. (2021) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm10051088 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Androgen Physiology, Pharmacology, and Abuse
Handelsman, D. J. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-323-18907-1.00138-4 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sun, Y., Li, S., Liu, H., Bai, H., Hu, K., Zhang, R., Liu, Q., & Fan, P. (2021) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2021.07.1203 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Kyo, S., & Nakayama, K. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms21176073 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Gyawali, P., Martin, S., Heilbronn, L. K., Vincent, A. D., Jenkins, A. J., Januszewski, A. S., Adams, R., O’Loughlin, P. D., & Wittert, G. (2019) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2019-01317 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Androgens Involvement in the Pathogenesis of Renal Stones Formation
Naghii, M. R., Babaei, M., & Hedayati, M. (2014) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0093790 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Naturally Occurring Mutants Inform SHBG Structure and Function
Wu, T.-S., & Hammond, G. L. (2014) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/me.2014-1058 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Self-citationPolycystic ovary syndrome and recurrent pregnancy loss, a review of literature
Wartena, R., & Matjila, M. J. (2023) · Frontiers in Endocrinology · doi:10.3389/fendo.2023.1183060 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Free estradiol and sex hormone-binding globulin
Rosner, W. (2014) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.005 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Assessment of hormonal status in male infertility. An update
Concepción‐Zavaleta, M. J., Paz‐Ibarra, J., Ramos-Yataco, A., Arroyo, J., Urteaga, L. A. C., Roseboom, P. J., & Williams, C. A. (2022) · Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome Clinical Research & Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.dsx.2022.102447 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Poojary, P. S., Nayak, G., Panchanan, G., Rao, A. C., Kundapur, S. D., Kalthur, S. G., Mutalik, S., Adiga, S. K., Zhao, Y., Bakkum-Gamez, J. N., et al. (2022) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endocr/bqac097 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The CATCH checklist to investigate adult‐onset hypogonadism
Defeudis, G., Mazzilli, R., Gianfrilli, D., Lenzi, A., & Isidori, A. M. (2018) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.12506 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Gyawali, P., Martin, S. A., Heilbronn, L. K., Vincent, A. D., Jenkins, A. J., Januszewski, A. S., Taylor, A. W., Adams, R. J. T., O’Loughlin, P. D., & Wittert, G. A. (2018) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0200078 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Keevil, B. G., Clifton, S., Tanton, C., Macdowall, W. G., Copas, A. J., Lee, D. M., Field, N. M., Mitchell, K. R., Sonnenberg, P., Bancroft, J., et al. (2017) · Journal of the Endocrine Society · doi:10.1210/js.2016-1029 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Functional effects of sex hormone-binding globulin variants
Laurent, M. R., & Vanderschueren, D. (2014) · Nature Reviews Endocrinology · doi:10.1038/nrendo.2014.120 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Association between testosterone levels and mood disorders: A minireview
Zito, S., Nosari, G., Pigoni, A., Moltrasio, C., & Delvecchio, G. (2023) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.108 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Effects of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) on androgen bioactivity in vitro
Laurent, M. R., Helsen, C., Antonio, L., Schollaert, D., Joniau, S., Vos, M. J., Decallonne, B., Hammond, G. L., Vanderschueren, D., & Claessens, F. (2016) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2016.08.041 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Self-citationAbu‐Hijleh, T. M., Gammoh, E., Al-Busaidi, A. S., Malalla, Z. H. A., Madan, S., Mahmood, N., & Almawi, W. Y. (2015) · Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism · doi:10.1159/000441570 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Identifying genes associated with the development of human polycystic ovary syndrome
Saddick, S. (2020) · Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.012 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Antonio, L., Pauwels, S., Laurent, M. R., Vanschoubroeck, D., Jans, I., Billen, J., Claessens, F., Decallonne, B., De Neubourg, D., Vermeersch, P., et al. (2018) · International Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1155/2018/7956951 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Hsu, B., Cumming, R. G., Naganathan, V., Blyth, F., Couteur, D. G. L., Seibel, M. J., Waite, L. M., & Handelsman, D. J. (2014) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2014-2464 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Shen, X., Wang, R., Yu, N. H., Shi, Y., Li, H., Xiong, C., Li, Y., Wells, E. M., & Zhou, Y. (2016) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0164116 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Sangouni, A. A., Pakravanfar, F., Ghadiri‐Anari, A., Nadjarzadeh, A., Fallahzadeh, H., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2021) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-021-02659-0 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The hepatic lipidome and HNF4α and SHBG expression in human liver
Winters, S. J., Scoggins, C. R., Appiah, D., & Ghooray, D. T. (2020) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-20-0401 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Assessing the reproductive health of men with occupational exposures
Schrader, S. M., & Marlow, K. L. (2014) · Asian Journal of Andrology · doi:10.4103/1008-682x.122352 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Relationship between de novo lipogenesis and serum sex hormone binding globulin in humans
Simons, P. I. H. G., Valkenburg, O., Telgenkamp, I., van der Waaij, K. M., de Groot, D. M., Veeraiah, P., Bons, J. A. P., Taskinen, M., Borén, J., Schrauwen, P., et al. (2021) · Clinical Endocrinology · doi:10.1111/cen.14459 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Jasuja, R., Pencina, K. M., Spencer, D. J., Peng, L., Privat, F., Dhillo, W. S., Jayasena, C. N., Hayes, F. J., Yeap, B. B., Matsumoto, A. M., et al. (2022) · Andrology · doi:10.1111/andr.13310 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Tasaki, M., Yasui‐Furukori, N., Yokoyama, S., Shinozaki, M., Sugawara, N., & Shimoda, K. (2021) · Neuropsychopharmacology Reports · doi:10.1002/npr2.12190 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
The elusive minimum threshold concentration of levonorgestrel for contraceptive efficacy
Cherala, G., Edelman, A. B., Dorflinger, L. J., & Stanczyk, F. Z. (2016) · Contraception · doi:10.1016/j.contraception.2016.03.010 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Zhang, Y., Xing, H., Hu, Z., Xu, W., Tang, Y., Zhang, J., Niu, Q., & Hu, Y. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160883 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Xing, C., Zhao, H., Zhang, J., & He, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2022.741285 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Xargay‐Torrent, S., Carreras‐Badosa, G., Borrat-Padrosa, S., Prats‐Puig, A., Soriano, P., Álvarez-Castaño, E., Ferri, M. J., de Zegher, F., Ibáñez, L., López‐Bermejo, A., et al. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0205592 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Antony, B., Venn, A., Cicuttini, F., MARCH, L. M., Blizzard, L., Dwyer, T., Cross, M., Jones, G., & Ding, C. (2015) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.22715 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease and Insulin Resistance: A Review of Complex Interlinks
Barber, T. M., Kabisch, S., Pfeiffer, A. F. H., & Weickert, M. O. (2023) · Metabolites · doi:10.3390/metabo13060757 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Puiu, A. A., Radke, S., Votinov, M., Habel, U., Herpertz‐Dahlmann, B., Turetsky, B. I., & Konrad, K. (2019) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2019.01397 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Vincentis, S. D., Decaroli, M. C., Fanelli, F., Diazzi, C., Mezzullo, M., Tartaro, G., Tagliavini, S., Santis, M. C. D., Roli, L., Milić, J., et al. (2022) · The Aging Male · doi:10.1080/13685538.2022.2039116 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Meyer, M. L., Sotres‐Alvarez, D., Steiner, A. Z., Cousins, L. M., Talavera, G. A., Cai, J., Daviglus, M. L., & Loehr, L. R. (2020) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/clinem/dgaa012 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Marriott, R. J., Murray, K., Budgeon, C. A., Codd, V., Hui, J., Arscott, G. M., Beilby, J. P., Hankey, G. J., Wittert, G., Wu, F. C. W., et al. (2023) · European Journal of Endocrinology · doi:10.1093/ejendo/lvad015 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Combination of the biomarkers for aging and cancer? - Challenges and current status
Li, D., Ju, F., Wang, H., Fan, C., Jacob, J. C., Gul, S., Zaliani, A., Wartmann, T., Polidori, M. C., Bruns, C. J., et al. (2023) · Translational Oncology · doi:10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101783 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Singh, I., Moar, K., & Maurya, P. K. (2025) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120425 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Li, X., Xiao, C., Liu, J., Wei, N., Song, J. H., Yuan, J., Liu, L., Song, R., Yi, W., Pan, R., et al. (2024) · Environment & Health · doi:10.1021/envhealth.4c00046 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Use of calculated free testosterone in men: advantages and limitations
Nyamaah, J. A., Narinx, N., Antonio, L., & Vanderschueren, D. (2024) · Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity · doi:10.1097/med.0000000000000891 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Huang, W., Deng, L., Wen, Q., Zhang, Z., Yue, J.-R., Zhang, C., Zhou, X. J., Jin, Y., Hu, D., Jiang, Z., et al. (2025) · EClinicalMedicine · doi:10.1016/j.eclinm.2025.103178 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sangouni, A. A., Sasanfar, B., Ghadiri‐Anari, A., & Hosseinzadeh, M. (2021) · Clinical Nutrition ESPEN · doi:10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.08.005 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and the Metabolic Syndrome
Hammond, G. L. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53298-1_15 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationSHBG and endothelial function in older subjects
Maggio, M. G., Cattabiani, C., Lauretani, F., Mantovani, M., Buttò, V., Vita, F. D., Volpi, R., Artoni, A., Giallauria, F., Zuliani, G., et al. (2013) · International Journal of Cardiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.03.083 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Krysiak, R. G., Gilowska, M., & Okopień, B. (2016) · Pharmacological Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pharep.2016.09.013 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Does sex hormone-binding globulin cause insulin resistance during pubertal growth?
Le, S.-L., Xu, L.-T., Schumann, M., Wu, N., Törmäkangas, T., Alén, M., Cheng, S.-L., & Wiklund, P. (2019) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-19-0044 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Simons, P. I. H. G., Valkenburg, O., Telgenkamp, I., van der Waaij, K. M., de Groot, D. M., Veeraiah, P., Bons, J. A. P., Derks, T. G. J., Schalkwijk, C., Schrauwen‐Hinderling, V. B., et al. (2022) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-022-01753-2 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Metabolic syndrome and body shape predict differences in health parameters in farm working women
Mentoor, I., Kruger, M. J., & Nell, T. A. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5378-9 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Depressive symptoms are not associated with long-term integrated testosterone concentrations in hair
Walther, A., Wehrli, S., Kische, H., Penz, M., Wekenborg, M., Gao, W., Rothe, N., Beesdo-Baum, K., & Kirschbaum, C. (2020) · World Journal of Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1080/15622975.2020.1795253 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sher, L., Bierer, L. M., Makotkine, I., & Yehuda, R. (2020) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2020.11.034 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Chae, H. W., Kwon, A., Kim, D.-H., & Kim, H.-S. (2013) · Annals of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.6065/apem.2013.18.2.81 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
SHBG Gene Polymorphism (rs1799941) Associates with Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents
White, M. J., Eren, F., Ağırbaşlı, D., Williams, S. M., & Ağırbaşlı, M. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0116915 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Gonadal Axis: A Life Perspective
Huhtaniemi, I. T., Howard, S. R., Dunkel, L., & Anderson, R. A. (2016) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803592-4.00066-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Boering, M., van Dijk, P. R., Logtenberg, S. J. J., Groenier, K. H., Wolffenbuttel, B. H. R., Gans, R. O. B., Kleefstra, N., & Bilo, H. J. G. (2016) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-16-0006 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Sleumer, B., Zwerwer, J., van Faassen, M. H. J. R., Vos, M. J., Bischoff, R., Kema, I. P., & van de Merbel, N. C. (2023) · Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine (CCLM) · doi:10.1515/cclm-2022-1225 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Zhao, S., Gu, J., Tian, Y., Wang, R., & Li, W. (2024) · Open Life Sciences · doi:10.1515/biol-2022-0822 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Serum testosterone concentrations and outcomes in hemodialysis patients enrolled in the EVOLVE trial
Nilsson, E. D., Stenvinkel, P., Liu, S., Stedman, M. R., Chertow, G. M., & Floege, J. (2022) · Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation · doi:10.1093/ndt/gfac278 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Evidence for low androgenicity among Indian (South Asian) men
Rajan, T. V., Kerstetter, J. E., Feinn, R., & Kenny, R. A. (2013) · The Aging Male · doi:10.3109/13685538.2013.832192 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sofer, Y., Nevo, N., Vechoropoulos, M., Shefer, G., Osher, E., Landis, N., Tordjman, K., Hammond, G. L., & Stern, N. (2018) · Endocrine Connections · doi:10.1530/ec-17-0240 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationMei, Y., Liu, J., Dong, Z., Shi, K., Su, W., Luo, Z., Zhao, J., Li, Y., Yang, M., Wu, J., et al. (2025) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2025.118962 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Fang, H., Deng, J., Chen, Q., Chen, D., Diao, P., Lian, P., Lai, B., Zeng, Y., & Han, Y. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0290389 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Roles of Plasma Binding Proteins in Modulation of Hormone Action and Metabolism
Hammond, G. L., Hill, L. A., & Round, P. (2017) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.64186-7 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Self-citationInsight into the pathogensis of polycystic ovarian syndrome
Jung, Y. W., Lee, G. H., Han, Y. J., & Cha, D. H. (2020) · Journal of genetic medicine · doi:10.5734/jgm.2020.17.1.1 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Obesity, maternal smoking and SHBG in neonates
Dharashivkar, S., Wasser, L., Baumgartner, R., King, J., & Winters, S. (2016) · Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome · doi:10.1186/s13098-016-0158-0 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Crawford, T. N., Arikawa, A. Y., Kurzer, M. S., Schmitz, K. H., & Phipps, W. R. (2015) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/j.fertnstert.2015.08.040 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Su, P., Wang, X., Cai, R., Chang, Y., & Sun, Y. W. (2025) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1561164 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Examining the associations between testosterone and biomarkers as men age
Smith, S. J., Bekele, D., Lopresti, A. L., & Fairchild, T. J. (2023) · American Journal of Human Biology · doi:10.1002/ajhb.23942 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Al-Enazi, A. M. M., Virk, P., Almoqhem, R., Alsharidah, A. R., Al‐Ghadi, M. Q., Aljabr, W. A., Alasmari, F. F., & Albasher, G. I. (2024) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines12050943 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Testosterone: The Male Sex Hormone
Obukohwo, O. M., Ben‐Azu, B., Ovuakporaye, S. I., Oghenetega, O. B., Emojevwe, V. O., Faith, F. Y., Okwute, P. G., Rotu, R. A., Godswill, O. O., & Kingsley, N. E. (2023) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.110657 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Odhaib, S. A., Hamdi, K. I., & Mansour, A. A. (2020) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.11732 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Physical Activity and Sex Hormone–Binding Globulin in Older Adults
Rothenbacher, D., Dallmeier, D., Denkinger, M. D., Boehm, B. O., Köenig, W., Klenk, J., & _, _. (2019) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2018-0171 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gan, Y., Tan, X., Tang, Y., Shi, Q. W., & Qi, H. (2025) · International Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.2147/ijwh.s522635 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Dürgen, P., Wölfle, P. J., Ceglarek, U., Kratzsch, J., Kieß, W., & Vogel, M. (2025) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2025.120621 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Mazurenko, A., Salehzadeh, M., & Soma, K. K. (2026) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0341089 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Impact of Smoking, Obesity and Maternal Diabetes on SHBG Levels in Newborns
Aydın, B. K., Yaşa, B., Moore, J. P., Yaşa, C., Poyrazoğlu, Ş., Baş, F., Çoban, A. Ç., Darendelıler, F., & Winters, S. J. (2021) · Experimental and Clinical Endocrinology & Diabetes · doi:10.1055/a-1375-4176 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Testosterone - Functions, Uses, Deficiencies, and Substitution
Doi, H. (2022) · IntechOpen eBooks · doi:10.5772/intechopen.102212 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Is Testosterone the “Fountain of Youth” for Aging Men?
Giagulli, V. A., Lisco, G., Mariano, F., Tullio, A. D., & Triggiani, V. (2022) · Endocrine Metabolic & Immune Disorders - Drug Targets · doi:10.2174/1871530322666220516160435 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Tijare, D. C., Arya, S., Loharkar, S., Jindal, A., Veerabomma, H., Dighe, V., Katyal, A., Chandra, R., & Madan, J. (2026) · BioNanoScience · doi:10.1007/s12668-026-02722-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Male Hypogonadism Due to Disorders of the Pituitary and Suprasellar Region
Pivonello, R., Salzano, C., Galdiero, M., & Colao, A. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-53298-1_8 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Keum, J., Kim, Y. J., Choi, S. K., Lee, W. M., & Bae, J. (2024) · Journal of Personalized Medicine · doi:10.3390/jpm14030274 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Saruwatari, J., Uchiyashiki, Y., Kajiwara, A., Noai, M., Tanamachi, Y., Soraoka, H., Deguchi, M., Oniki, K., Yasui‐Furukori, N., Kaneko, S., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology · doi:10.19070/2167-910x-1400020
- Authors
- Hammond, G. L., Wu, T.-S., & Simard, M.
- Affiliations
- University of British Columbia (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Hammond, Geoffrey L.
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology, Diabetes & Obesity
- Published
- 2012-06
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 183-189
- ISSN
- 1752-296X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2145626737
- Cited by
- 104
- References
- 53
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 14 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.84
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Endocrinology Diabetes and Obesity (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Canada Research Chairs
- Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP 15261)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Keywords
- sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, sex steroids, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, endocrine disorders, biomarkers, hyperandrogenism
- MeSH terms
- Estradiol, Female, Humans, Male, Polymorphism, Genetic, Predictive Value of Tests, Risk, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Biomarkers, Sex Distribution, Metabolic Syndrome
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review