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Applied Rapid Qualitative Analysis to Develop a Contextually Appropriate Intervention and Increase the Likelihood of Uptake
Open accessAbstract
BACKGROUND: Rapid approaches to collecting and analyzing qualitative interview data can accelerate discovery timelines and intervention development while maintaining scientific rigor. We describe the application of these methods to a program designed to improve care coordination between the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and community providers. METHODS: Care coordination between VHA and community providers can be challenging in rural areas. The Telehealth-based Coordination of Non-VHA Care (TECNO Care) intervention was designed to improve care coordination among VHA and community providers. To ensure contextually appropriate implementation of TECNO Care, we conducted preimplementation interviews with veterans, VHA administrators, and VHA and community providers involved in community care. Using both a rapid approach and qualitative analysis, an interviewer and 1-2 note-taker(s) conducted interviews. RESULTS: Over 5 months, 18 stakeholders were interviewed and we analyzed these data to identify how best to deliver TECNO Care. Responses relevant to improving care coordination include health system characteristics; target population; metrics and outcomes; challenges with the current system; and core components. Veterans who frequently visit VHA or community providers and are referred for additional services are at risk for poor outcomes and may benefit from additional care coordination. Using these data, we designed TECNO Care to include information on VHA services and processes, assist in the timely completion of referrals, and facilitate record sharing. CONCLUSION: Rapid qualitative analysis can inform near real-time intervention development and ensure relevant content creation while setting the stage for stakeholder buy-in. Rigorous and timely analyses support the delivery of contextually appropriate, efficient, high-value patient care.
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“Rapid qualitative analysis is useful to obtain targeted qualitative data and comparative results when data collection targets and processes are highly structured [65].”
From Synthetic Lies: Understanding AI-Generated Misinformation and Evaluating Algorithmic and Human Solutions (2023) · cites this paper as [65]
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“(2) Inner setting, contextual features of the VHA such as the administrative structure and processes that influence health care delivery and care coordination.”
BackgroundMethodInfluentialImplementation science: What is it and why should I care?
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“(4) What are the central care coordination tasks TECNO Care should address? [Intervention characteristics]—We ensured that TECNO Care was neither duplicative nor burdensome to those who would be delivering TECNO Care.”
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“VHA and community providers Community care experiences (1) What conditions or types of patients do you think require better care coordination between VHA and community providers? [Outer setting; patient needs and resources] (2) Who are the key players inside your organization that we should talk with about TECNO? [Pro…”
BackgroundTaylor, B., Henshall, C., Kenyon, S., Litchfield, I., & Greenfield, S. (2018) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019993 · Cited by 659 · cited 1×
“(6) What are the right metrics to assess TECNO Care’s effectiveness? [Process]—We identified which metrics should be followed to assess the program’s impact.”
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“(PI man, aged 18–39) Two important reasons for both NH and PI participants that were not emphasized in the literature, were helping family members and building a sense of cameraderie .”
Osweiler, B. W., Rammaha, T., Szlyk, H. S., Dell, N. A., Macon, J., Jacobson, N. C., Burley, C., Goodman, M., Cavazos‐Rehg, P. A., & Ramsey, A. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2025.1607652 · Cited by 1
Hand, B. N., Gilmore, D., Hyer, J. M., DeVassie, H., Radford, D., PREPARE for Autistic Adults Advisory Board, Juckett, L., Hanks, C. D., Havercamp, S. M., & Coury, D. L. (2025) · Autism in Adulthood · doi:10.1177/25739581251376162 · Cited by 1
A Patient-Informed Framework of Financial Strain Among Adults with Multimorbidity
Sloan, C. E., Lourie, M. A., Bowling, C. B., Pignone, M. P., Houtven, C. H. V., & McDermott, C. L. (2025) · Journal of General Internal Medicine · doi:10.1007/s11606-025-09911-x · Cited by 1
Adeyeye, M. C., Ekwunife, O. I., Esuga, M., Njoku, N., Boateng, K. P., Ezeoke, U., Monemeh, F., Ekundayo, O., Sambo, A. A., Ogwuche, E., et al. (2026) · Journal of Pharmaceutical Policy and Practice · doi:10.1080/20523211.2025.2597561 · Cited by 1
“We used rapid qualitative analysis techniques to analyze the interviews (Lewinski et al., 2021).”
Rogers, A. H., Pester, B., Fligelman, S., Pielech, M., Groenewald, C. B., Ketterl, T. G., Vest, B. M., & Palermo, T. M. (2026) · Pediatric Blood & Cancer · doi:10.1002/1545-5017.70131 · Cited by 1
Kalvesmaki, A., Nederostek, K., Craven, A. G., Perkins, F., & Gallardo, E. (2026) · Issues in Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1080/01612840.2025.2596958 · Cited by 1
“These data will be templated and analyzed using rapid qualitative methods for intervention development and implementation (King, 2012; Lewinski et al., 2021; Schexnayder et al., 2023).”
Osilla, K. C., Watkins, K. E., Lord, T., Lord, G., Cook, F. J., Nameth, K., Kim, J. P., Hawkins, W., & Athey, A. J. (2026) · Addiction Science & Clinical Practice · doi:10.1186/s13722-026-00652-8 · Cited by 1
“We will also conduct a rapid content analysis [60] to efficiently glean insights that can be incorporated while still recruiting for the study.”
MacCarthy, S., Valenti, K. G., Beck, A., Dancy, L., Puga, F., & Bowen, F. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1651099 · Cited by 2
Dash, G. F., Balcke, E., Poore, H. E., & Dick, D. M. (2026) · Journal of Substance Use and Addiction Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.josat.2026.210103 · Cited by 1
Social media savvy: how LGBTQ+ youth create positive and affirming experiences online
Ingram, S. D., Henderson, E. R., Gralewski-Goel, N., Escobar-Viera, C. G., Lin, C. A., Coulter, R. W. S., & Egan, J. E. (2026) · Sexual & Relationship Therapy · doi:10.1080/14681994.2026.2672479 · Cited by 1
“Rapid Qualitative Analysis is an acceptable, rigorous analysis technique that allows quick, targeted data to be gathered, specifically for accelerating the intervention design process (Lewinski et al., 2021).”
Rife, T., Douglas, M., Xie, W., & Cocohoba, J. M. (2026) · JMIR Formative Research · doi:10.2196/93868 · Cited by 1
“We analyzed written veteran advocate feedback documents and the transcript of the audio-recorded focus group using a rapid, team-based consensus thematic approach designed for formative refinement of study materials [10,11,19,20].”
Bergey, A. E., Leal, I. M., Britton, M., Moosa, A. B., Chen, T. A., Goulbourne, T. D., Siddiqi, A. D., Williams, T., Casey, K., & Reitzel, L. R. (2026) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph23070898 · Cited by 1
“Structured templates were drawn up, consisting of key thematic domains based on the content of the interview guides, to organize and summarize data [71].”
Moving Beyond the Numbers: Data Walks as a Tool to Engage Youth in Research
Barnick, K. A., Merrill, J., Lies, M., García, E., Santana, Y., & Gutierrez‐Kapheim, M. (2026) · Journal of Adolescent Research · doi:10.1177/07435584261480311 · Cited by 1
Harris, M., Houtven, C. H. V., & Hastings, S. N. (2022) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/43098 · Cited by 1
“Immediately after each focus group session, the notetaker and the group facilitator will develop postgroup summaries and debrief notes that highlight key points from the group [40,41].”
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Tyagi, P., Bouldin, E. D., Hathaway, W. A., D'Arcy, D., Nasr, S. Z., Intrator, O. K., & Dang, S. (2024) · JMIR Research Protocols · doi:10.2196/57341 · Cited by 1
Studer, S., Nuhn, C., Weise, C., & Kleinstäuber, M. (2025) · Journal of Psychosomatic Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychores.2025.112069 · Cited by 3
Athanas, R., Frumence, G., DeBoer, R. J., & Ulrich, C. M. (2025) · AJOB Empirical Bioethics · doi:10.1080/23294515.2025.2474910 · Cited by 1
“The PI also used rapid qualitative analysis whereby data were immediately reviewed after two to three inter-views and continued iteratively focusing on emerging themes (Lewinski et al. 2021; St. George et al. 2023).”
Hua, S. V., Klaiman, T. A., Coratti, S., White, J., John, A., Putt, M. E., Dixon, E. L., Posner, H., & Volpp, K. G. M. (2025) · Contemporary Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/j.cct.2025.107921 · Cited by 1
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“This rapid qualitative method has proven to be useful in resource-constrained contexts to promote timely uptake of findings by implementers [21,22] and was most applicable to our resource-constrained settings.”
Silvert, C. J., Diaz, J. M., Serra, R., Cole, S. M., Warner, L. A. S., & Roberts, T. G. (2025) · Journal of International Agricultural and Extension Education · doi:10.4148/2831-5960.1513 · Cited by 1
Bredenberg, E., Callister, C., Dafoe, A., Holliman, B. D., Rowan, S. E., & Calcaterra, S. L. (2025) · Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.1002/jhm.70097 · Cited by 1
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Agarwal, A., Macholl, K., Koenders, S. L., Qian, A., Mehta, J., Ahuja, P., Buenrostro, K., Sun, K. M., Dohan, D. P., Gurvitz, M. Z., et al. (2025) · medRxiv · doi:10.1101/2025.04.01.25325065 · Cited by 1
“26 Using the matrix, cross-participant comparisons were made to summarize determinants of patient engagement and solutions for improving ACHD specialized care.”
Ohio Journal of Public Health Vol. 4, Issue 2 (January 2022): Full Issue
Ohio Public Health Association OPHA (2022) · Ohio Journal of Public Health · doi:10.18061/ojph.v4i2.8823
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Exploring the conduct and reporting of qualitative research in trials using mixed methods
Clement, C. (2023) · Cronfa (Swansea University) · doi:10.23889/suthesis.62588
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“39 Weekly team debriefs created opportunities for team-based reflexivity, not only to address each researcher’s individual assumptions and biases, but also to refine the research design and interview guide.”
Multilevel Community Engagement to Inform a Randomized Clinical Trial
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Cultural adaptation of an internet-based self-help app for grieving Syrian refugees in SwitzerlandPreprint
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“33,34 Rapid approaches to analyzing qualitative data have been found to accelerate discovery timelines and allow for actionable intervention development while maintaining scientific rigor.”
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Impact Framework of Sugar Agroindustry Restructuring on Supply Chains
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Metadata
- Authors
- Lewinski, A. A., Crowley, M. J., Miller, C., Bosworth, H. B., Jackson, G. L., Steinhauser, K., White-Clark, C., McCant, F., & Zullig, L. L.
- Affiliations
- Duke University (US)
- Harvard University (US)
- Center of Innovation to Accelerate Discovery and Practice Transformation, Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System
- Durham VA Health Care System (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lewinski, Allison A.
- Crowley, Matthew J.
- Bosworth, Hayden B.
- Jackson, George L.
- Steinhauser, Karen
- McCant, Felicia
- Zullig, Leah L.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Medical Care
- Published
- 2021-05-13
- Volume
- 59
- Issue
- Suppl 3
- Pages
- S242-S251
- ISSN
- 0025-7079 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8132894
- OpenAlex
- W3163088900
- Cited by
- 296
- References
- 32
- Citations by year
- 2026: 83 · 2025: 70 · 2024: 79 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 40.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Medical Care (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (CIN 13–410, IK6 HX003161)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Social Sciences › Education › Qualitative Research Methods and Applications
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Telemedicine and Telehealth Implementation
- Keywords
- rapid qualitative analysis, intervention development, care coordination, Veterans Health Administration, community service providers, telemedicine, rural veterans, stakeholder engagement, referral completion, health record sharing, implementation readiness
- MeSH terms
- Stakeholder Participation, Veterans Health Services, Community Health Services, Health Plan Implementation, Humans, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Patient Care Management, United States, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, Veterans, Telemedicine, Rural Health Services, Qualitative Research
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