Recent advances in nonalcholic fatty liver disease
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The purpose of this review is to summarize recent advances in defining the clinical features, pathophysiology, natural history, and treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. RECENT FINDINGS: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is present in approximately 30% of the US population. A histologic grading and staging system has been developed and validated. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease increases the risk of developing the metabolic syndrome. The presence and severity of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease correlates with the severity of obesity, fat distribution, age, and presence of other features of the metabolic syndrome. Fifteen to 20% of subjects with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis develop cirrhosis. Hepatic steatosis is associated with an increase in both free fatty acid delivery to the liver for re-esterification and increased de-novo lipogenesis. Several mechanisms of hepatocyte injury and death including free fatty acid toxicity, increased free cholesterol, cytokine-mediated injury and activation of the unfolded protein response have been defined. While many therapeutic targets have been identified and pilot studies performed, a definitive treatment for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis remains to be established. SUMMARY: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a widely prevalent disease that is critically linked to insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. While much new information on the pathogenesis and natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is available, an effective therapy remains to be established.
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Enzymatic activity of complexes I-V is reduced in liver extracts from patients with NASH and is inversely correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR.
“Indeed, enzymatic activity of complexes I-V is reduced in liver extracts from patients with NASH and is inversely correlated with BMI and HOMA-IR (233, 234).”
From The role of mitochondria in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (2010) · cites this paper as [234]
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Self-citationGastaldelli, A., Harrison, S. A., Belfort-Aguilar, R., Hardies, L. J., Balas, B., Schenker, S., & Cusi, K. (2009) · Hepatology · doi:10.1002/hep.23116 · Cited by 285 · see citing works
Wada, T., Kenmochi, H., Miyashita, Y., Sasaki, M., Ojima, M., Sasahara, M., Koya, D., Tsuneki, H., & Sasaoka, T. (2010) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2009-0869 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Effect of Bariatric Surgery on Liver Fibrosis
Moretto, M., Kupski, C., da Silva, V. D., Padoin, A. V., & Mottin, C. C. (2012) · Obesity Surgery · doi:10.1007/s11695-011-0559-y · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Wada, T., Miyashita, Y., Sasaki, M., Aruga, Y., Nakamura, Y., Ishii, Y., Sasahara, M., Kanasaki, K., Kitada, M., Koya, D., et al. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00419.2013 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
- Authors
- Greenfield, V., Cheung, O., & Sanyal, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Virginia Commonwealth University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Sanyal, Arun J
- ORCID
- Sanyal, Arun J
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology
- Published
- 2008-05
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 320-327
- ISSN
- 0267-1379 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2070915352
- Cited by
- 94
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Gastroenterology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (K24 DK 02755-07, K24DK002755)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Alcohol Consumption and Health Effects
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hepatology › Liver physiology and pathology
- Keywords
- non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, de novo lipogenesis, free cholesterol, unfolded protein response, hepatocyte injury, liver cirrhosis, obesity, treatment
- MeSH terms
- Fatty Liver, Humans, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Liver Cirrhosis, Hepatocytes
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