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Cited by 2Eating Disorders and BehaviorsBone health and osteoporosis researchLower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 37 of the 37 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Impact of relative energy deficiency in sport on adolescent athletes

Catalan, Marian, Wiener, Susan·2026·Current Opinion in Pediatrics
DOI 10.1097/mop.0000000000001578
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Abstract

Purpose of review: Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport (RED-S), driven by problematic low energy availability (LEA), is common in adolescent athletes of all genders and sports and is associated with negative effects across multiple organ systems. In recent years, best practices for the screening, clinical evaluation, and management of RED-S health consequences have evolved for both female and male athletes. Recent findings: LEA significantly affects physiological systems and sports performance and increases the likelihood of missed training due to illness. LEA has also been associated with higher bone resorption and reduced bone formation, increasing the risk for bone stress injury. Recent evidence suggests that low carbohydrate availability, even in the absence of LEA, can independently impair bone health, iron metabolism, and immune function. Recent updates have been made to guidelines for bone mineral density (BMD) screening and management of low BMD, as well as athlete risk stratification and return-to-play decision-making. Summary: Early identification of RED-S and management of young athletes is essential for improving short- and long-term health outcomes. Caring for young athletes with RED-S should involve a comprehensive, individualized, multidisciplinary approach. Further research is needed to improve RED-S screening methods and treatment of low BMD, particularly among adolescent male athletes.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1097/mop.0000000000001578

Cites

37 of 37 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

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Citations

Cites

Show all 37 references

Research works printed but not linked: 1

  1. Lima, 2024, Longitudinal meta-analysis of peak height velocity in young female athletes, Cureus, 16, e59482

Cited by

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Related

Metadata

Authors
Catalan, M., & Wiener, S.
Affiliations
University of Rochester Medicine (US)
Corresponding author
Catalan, Marian
Venue
Current Opinion in Pediatrics
Publisher
Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published
2026-05-14
Volume
38
Issue
4
Pages
358-365
ISSN
  • 1040-8703 (ISSN-L)
  • 1531-698X
DOI
10.1097/mop.0000000000001578
OpenAlex
W7161108965
Cited by
2
References
37
Citations by year
2026: 2
FWCI
2.31
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Current Opinion in Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Orthopedics and Sports Medicine › Bone health and osteoporosis research
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Biomedical Engineering › Lower Extremity Biomechanics and Pathologies
Keywords
relative energy deficiency in sport, low energy availability, youth athletes, bone mineral density, bone stress injuries, iron metabolism, immune function, return to sport, athletic performance, male athletes
MeSH terms
Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport, Adolescent, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Male, Bone Density, Female Athlete Triad Syndrome, Athletic Performance, Athletes

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Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.