The DOI matches its Crossref record; 50 of the 50 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Association Between Celiac Disease and Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Systematic Review
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to perform a systematic review assessing the research investigating the association between celiac disease (CD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD). METHODS: A literature search of MEDLINE and EMBASE was performed without limits placed on year or language. Observational studies reporting on the occurrence of CD among patients with ASD and/or the occurrence of ASD among patients with CD were included. Study design, characteristics, diagnostic criteria for ASD and CD, and the frequency of positive cases in the studied sample were recorded. Study quality was assessed using an adapted Newcastle-Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Due to substantial heterogeneity between studies, a meta-analysis was not performed. RESULTS: Of the 298 unique citations identified within our search strategy, 17 articles evaluating the association between CD and ASD were included. Of those articles, 13 observed samples of patients with ASD, and 6 observed samples of patients with CD. Overall, most studies had small sample sizes and reported no evidence for an association between the 2 conditions. However, a limited number of population-based studies of higher quality suggested a potential association between CD and ASD. CONCLUSIONS: Most studies assessing an association between CD and ASD are at risk for systematic and/or random error. A potential link has, however, been shown in a handful of high-quality studies, and, therefore, this comorbidity cannot be ruled out. Future studies should recruit larger sample sizes, include precise definitions of CD and ASD, and exclude patients with ASD on a gluten-free diet.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
A subgroup of people with ASD and GIS have immunological reactivity to wheat proteins.
“A subgroup of people with ASD and GIS that have immunological reactivity to wheat proteins are identified.”
From Food Selectivity and Its Implications Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
High levels of IgG anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA), anti-gliadin deamidated peptides (DPG), and other gliadin-derived peptides are found in this subgroup.
“High levels of IgG anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA), anti-gliadin deamidated peptides (DPG), and other gliadin-derived peptides are found in this group, such as 33-mer and peptides related to the CXCR3 receptor (e.g., QVLQQSTYQLLQELCCQGLW and QQQQQQQQQQQQILQQILQQ) [72].”
From Food Selectivity and Its Implications Associated with Gastrointestinal Disorders in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (2022) · cites this paper as [72]
Citations
Cites
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2013) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596 · Cited by 116,369
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: the PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & for the PRISMA Group (2009) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.b2535 · Cited by 83,823
Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA Statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & The PRISMA Group (2009) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1000097 · Cited by 64,042
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA Statement.
(2009) · PubMed Central · Cited by 44,859
Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement
Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., Altman, D. G., & the PRISMA Group* (2009) · Annals of Internal Medicine · doi:10.7326/0003-4819-151-4-200908180-00135 · Cited by 37,554
(2014) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 17,633
Baio, J., Wiggins, L., Christensen, D. L., Maenner, M. J., Daniels, J., Warren, Z., Kurzius-Spencer, M., Zahorodny, W., Robinson, C., Rosenberg, et al. (2018) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6706a1 · Cited by 6,078
Maenner, M. J., Shaw, K. A., Baio, J., EdS1, Washington, A., Patrick, M., DiRienzo, M., Christensen, D. L., Wiggins, L. D., Pettygrove, S., et al. (2020) · MMWR. Surveillance Summaries · doi:10.15585/mmwr.ss6904a1 · Cited by 3,780 · cited 1×
“The Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, however, reported the prevalence of ASD to have increased in the USA from 1 in 150 children (2000–2002) to 1 in 54 (2016) (7).”
BackgroundHusby, S., Koletzko, S., Korponay‐Szabó, I. R., Mearin, M. L., Phillips, A., Shamir, R., Troncone, R., Giersiepen, K., Branski, D., Catassi, C., et al. (2012) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e31821a23d0 · Cited by 2,683
Green, P. H. R., & Jones, R. (2006) · Cited by 2,453
Global Prevalence of Celiac Disease: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Singh, P., Arora, A., Strand, T. A., Leffler, D. A., Catassi, C., Green, P. H., Kelly, C. P., Ahuja, V., & Makharia, G. K. (2018) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1016/j.cgh.2017.06.037 · Cited by 1,743
Green, P. H. R., & Cellier, C. (2007) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmra071600 · Cited by 1,617
Costs of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the United Kingdom and the United States
Buescher, A. V. S., Cidav, Z., Knapp, M., & Mandell, D. S. (2014) · JAMA Pediatrics · doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2014.210 · Cited by 1,296
Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders
Werling, D. M., & Geschwind, D. H. (2013) · Current Opinion in Neurology · doi:10.1097/wco.0b013e32835ee548 · Cited by 1,245
The Changing Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Lyall, K., Croen, L., Daniels, J., Fallin, M. D., Ladd-Acosta, C., Lee, B. K., Park, B. Y., Snyder, N. W., Schendel, D., Volk, H., et al. (2017) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031816-044318 · Cited by 1,011
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Meta-analysis
McElhanon, B. O., McCracken, C., Karpen, S., & Sharp, W. G. (2014) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.2013-3995 · Cited by 831 · cited 1×
“Conversely, ASD has been shown to be associated with a host of gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, and abdominal pain (12).”
Backgroundde Magistris, L., Familiari, V., Pascotto, A., Sapone, A., Frolli, A., Iardino, P., Carteni, M., De Rosa, M., Francavilla, R., Riegler, G., et al. (2010) · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition · doi:10.1097/mpg.0b013e3181dcc4a5 · Cited by 546
Blood–brain barrier and intestinal epithelial barrier alterations in autism spectrum disorders
Fiorentino, M., Sapone, A., Senger, S., Camhi, S. S., Kadzielski, S. M., Buie, T. M., Kelly, D. L., Cascella, N., & Fasano, A. (2016) · Molecular Autism · doi:10.1186/s13229-016-0110-z · Cited by 494
Systematic review of prevalence studies of autism spectrum disorders
Williams, J. G. (2005) · Archives of Disease in Childhood · doi:10.1136/adc.2004.062083 · Cited by 484
Abnormal intestinal permeability in children with autism
D'Eufemia, P., Celli, M., Finocchiaro, R., Pacifico, L., Viozzi, L., Zaccagnini, M., Cardi, E., & Giardini, O. (1996) · Acta Paediatrica · doi:10.1111/j.1651-2227.1996.tb14220.x · Cited by 416
Update on Serologic Testing in Celiac Disease
Leffler, D. A., & Schuppan, D. (2010) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1038/ajg.2010.276 · Cited by 356
Murray*, J. A., Dyke, C. V., Plevak, M. F., Dierkhising, R., Zinsmeister, A. R., & Melton, L. J. (2003) · Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology · doi:10.1053/jcgh.2003.50004 · Cited by 328
A neurochemical theory of autism
Panksepp, J. (1979) · Trends in Neurosciences · doi:10.1016/0166-2236(79)90071-7 · Cited by 326
Incidence of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Children With Autism: A Population-Based Study
Ibrahim, S. H., Voigt, R. G., Katusic, S. K., Weaver, A. L., & Barbaresi, W. J. (2009) · PEDIATRICS · doi:10.1542/peds.2008-2933 · Cited by 298
Range of Neurologic Disorders in Patients With Celiac Disease
Zelnik, N., Pacht, A., Obeid, R., & Lerner, A. (2004) · Pediatrics · doi:10.1542/peds.113.6.1672 · Cited by 260
Black, C., Kaye, J. A., & Jick, H. (2002) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.325.7361.419 · Cited by 240
Whiteley, P., & Shattock, P. (2002) · Expert Opinion on Therapeutic Targets · doi:10.1517/14728222.6.2.175 · Cited by 134
Markers of celiac disease and gluten sensitivity in children with autism
Lau, N. M., Green, P. H. R., Taylor, A. K., Hellberg, D., Ajamian, M., Tan, C. Z., Kosofsky, B. E., Higgins, J. J., Rajadhyaksha, A. M., & Alaedini, A. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0066155 · Cited by 124
Malabsorption and cerebral dysfunction: A multivariate and comparative study of autistic children
Goodwin, M. S., Goodwin, T. C., & Cowen, M. A. (1971) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/bf01537742 · Cited by 116
Gluten- and casein-free diet and autism spectrum disorders in children: a systematic review
Piwowarczyk, A., Horvath, A., Łukasik, J., Pisula, E., & Szajewska, H. (2017) · European Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1007/s00394-017-1483-2 · Cited by 115
Meta‐analysis on anxiety and depression in adult celiac disease
Smith, D. F., & Gerdes, L. U. (2011) · Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.2011.01795.x · Cited by 114
The economics of coeliac disease: a population‐based study
Long, K. H., Rubio‐Tapia, A., Wagie, A. E., Melton, L. J., Lahr, B. D., Dyke, C. T. V., & Murray, J. A. (2010) · Alimentary Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2036.2010.04327.x · Cited by 103
Systemic autoimmune disorders in celiac disease
Fasano, A. (2006) · Current Opinion in Gastroenterology · doi:10.1097/01.mog.0000245543.72537.9e · Cited by 98
Autism and celiac disease: failure to validate the hypothesis that a link might exist
Pavone, L., Fiumara, A., Bottaro, G., Mazzone, D., & Coleman, M. (1997) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00267-9 · Cited by 97
Celiac Disease Is Associated with Childhood Psychiatric Disorders: A Population-Based Study
Butwicka, A., Lichtenstein, P., Frisén, L., Almqvist, C., Larsson, H., & Ludvigsson, J. F. (2017) · The Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.1016/j.jpeds.2017.01.043 · Cited by 95
Ludvigsson, J. F., Reichenberg, A., Hultman, C. M., & Murray, J. A. (2013) · JAMA Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2013.2048 · Cited by 90
Compliant gluten-free children with celiac disease: an evaluation of psychological distress
Mazzone, L., Reale, L., Spina, M., Guarnera, M., Lionetti, E., Martorana, S., & Mazzone, D. (2011) · BMC Pediatrics · doi:10.1186/1471-2431-11-46 · Cited by 70
Autism spectrum disorder and celiac disease: no evidence for a link
Batista, I. C., Gandolfi, L., Nóbrega, Y. K. D. M., de Almeida, R. C., Almeida, L. M., Campos, D., & Pratesi, R. (2012) · Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria · doi:10.1590/s0004-282x2012000100007 · Cited by 63
Bala, K. A., Doğan, M., Kaba, S., Mutluer, T., Aslan, O., & Doğan, Ş. Z. (2016) · Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1515/jpem-2015-0473 · Cited by 55
Gut Permeability in Autism Spectrum Disorders
Dalton, N. R., Chandler, S., Turner, C., Charman, T., Pickles, A. R., Loucas, T., Simonoff, E. A., Sullivan, P. B., & Baird, G. (2013) · Autism Research · doi:10.1002/aur.1350 · Cited by 48
Systematic Literature Review of the Economic Burden of Celiac Disease
Mearns, E. S., Taylor, A., Boulanger, T., Craig, K. J. T., Gerber, M., Leffler, D. A., Drahos, J., Sanders, D. S., & Lebwohl, B. (2018) · PharmacoEconomics · doi:10.1007/s40273-018-0707-5 · Cited by 46
Self-citationAbruzzo, P. M., Ghezzo, A., Bolotta, A., Ferreri, C., Minguzzi, R., Vignini, A., Visconti, P., & Marini, M. (2015) · Disease Markers · doi:10.1155/2015/329607 · Cited by 42
The effects of a gluten and casein-free diet in children with autism: a case report.
Hsu, C.-L., Lin, C.-Y., Chen, C., Wang, C., & Wong, M.-K. (2009) · PubMed · Cited by 39
Józefczuk, J., Konopka, E., Bierła, J. B., Trojanowska, I., Sowińska, A., Czarnecki, R., Sobol, L., Józefczuk, P., Surdy, W., & Cukrowská, B. (2017) · Journal of Medicinal Food · doi:10.1089/jmf.2017.0069 · Cited by 35
Serological screening for Celiac Disease in 382 pre-schoolers with Autism Spectrum Disorder
Calderoni, S., Santocchi, E., Bianco, T. D., Brunori, E., Caponi, L., Paolicchi, A., Fulceri, F., Prosperi, M., Narzisi, A., Cosenza, A., et al. (2016) · The Italian Journal of Pediatrics/Italian journal of pediatrics · doi:10.1186/s13052-016-0308-x · Cited by 30
Association between celiac disease and schizophrenia: a meta-analysis
Wijarnpreecha, K., Jaruvongvanich, V., Cheungpasitporn, W., & Ungprasert, P. (2017) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000001048 · Cited by 25
Characteristics and comorbidities of inpatients without celiac disease on a gluten-free diet
Blackett, J. W., Shamsunder, M. G., Reilly, N. R., Green, P. H. R., & Lebwohl, B. (2018) · European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology · doi:10.1097/meg.0000000000001071 · Cited by 22
Self-citationBadalyan, V., & Schwartz, R. H. (2011) · Open Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.4236/ojped.2011.14014 · Cited by 15
Badalyan, V., & Schwartz, R. H. (2012) · Open Journal of Pediatrics · doi:10.4236/ojped.2012.22025 · Cited by 14
Autism and celiac disease: failure to validate the hypothesis of a possible link.
Abolfazli, R., Mirbagheri, S., Zabihi, A., & Abouzari, M. (2009) · Iranian Red Crescent Medical Journal · Cited by 3
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 1
- Bavykina IA, 2018, Serologic and genetic markers of gluten intolerance in autism spectrum disorders, Res J Pharm Biol Chem Sci, 9, 38
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Valenzuela-Zamora, A. F., Ramírez-Valenzuela, D. G., & Ramos-Jiménez, A. (2022) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu14132660 · Cited by 78
“High levels of IgG anti-gliadin antibodies (AGA), anti-gliadin deamidated peptides (DPG), and other gliadin-derived peptides are found in this group, such as 33-mer and peptides related to the CXCR3 receptor (e.g., QVLQQSTYQLLQELCCQGLW and QQQQQQQQQQQQILQQILQQ) [72].”
The Many Faces of Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Autism Spectrum Disorder
Gonçalves, C. L., Doifode, T., Rezende, V. L., Costa, M. A., Rhoads, J. M., & Soutullo, C. A. (2024) · Life Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122357 · Cited by 42
Metadata
- Authors
- Quan, J., Panaccione, N., Jeong, J., Underwood, F. E., Coward, S., Windsor, J. W., Ronksley, P. E., Gidrewicz, D., deBruyn, J., Turner, J. M., Lebwohl, B., Kaplan, G. G., & King, J. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Calgary (CA)
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center (US)
- Alberta Health Services (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Quan, Joshua
- Panaccione, Nicola
- Underwood, Fox E.
- Windsor, Joseph W.
- Kaplan, Gilaad G.
- King, James A.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2021-01-14
- Volume
- 72
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 704-711
- ISSN
- 0277-2116 (ISSN-L)
- 1536-4801
- OpenAlex
- W3123323432
- Cited by
- 32
- References
- 50
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 2
- FWCI
- 1.38
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Celiac Disease Research and Management
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Child Nutrition and Feeding Issues
- Keywords
- celiac disease, autism spectrum disorder, comorbidities, gluten-free diet
- MeSH terms
- Autism Spectrum Disorder, Celiac Disease, Humans, Research Design, Comorbidity, Diet, Gluten-Free
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
