Cognitive functioning in depersonalization disorder
Abstract
Depersonalization disorder (DPD) is a dissociative disorder characterized by a subjective sense of unreality and detachment, and has been associated with deficits in perception and short-term memory. In this study, 21 DPD and 17 healthy comparison participants free of psychiatric disorders were administered a comprehensive neuropsychologic battery. The groups did not differ in full-scale, verbal, and performance IQ (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale), in working memory (Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test), or in selective attention (Digit Span with Distracters). The DPD group performed significantly worse on immediate visual and verbal recall (Wechsler Memory Scale, Revised), but not on delayed recall. Dissociation severity was significantly correlated with processing slowness and distractibility. We conclude that DPD is associated with cognitive disruptions in early perceptual and attentional processes.
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Higher levels of dissociative symptoms among individuals with depersonalization disorder were associated with slowed processing speed and heightened distractibility.
“Guralnik et al. (2007) found that higher levels of dissociative symptoms among individuals with depersonalization disorder were associated with slowed processing speed and heightened distractibility.”
From A review of the relation between dissociation, memory, executive functioning and social cognition in military members and civilians with neuropsychiatric conditions (2016) · cites this paper as Guralnik et al., 2007
Cites
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“Participants were administered the Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein and Putnam, 1986), a well-validated 28-item self-report measure of dissociation.”
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“Studies have shown that dissociation tends to covary with anxiety and depression (e.g., Ijzendoorn and Schuengel, 1996), raising the possibility that the relationship between dissociation and cognitive functioning might be mediated by 1 of these 2 factors.”
BackgroundA preliminary profile of neuropsychological deficits associated with major depression
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“Such deficits have been reliably demonstrated in, for example, schizophrenia, major depressive disorder, and borderline personality disorder across a wide range of neurocognitive tasks (e.g., Heinrichs and Zakzanis, 1998; Ruocco, 2005; Veiel, 1997).”
BackgroundDepersonalisation Disorder: A Contemporary Overview
Simeon, D. (2004) · CNS Drugs · doi:10.2165/00023210-200418060-00002 · Cited by 198 · see citing works
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Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures: a model of their pathogenic mechanism
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Betrayal trauma theory of dissociative experiences: stroop and directed forgetting findings
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- Authors
- Guralnik, O., Giesbrecht, T., Knutelska, M., Sirroff, B., & Simeon, D.
- Affiliations
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai (US)
- Maastricht University (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Guralnik, Orna
- Giesbrecht, Timo
- Knutelska, Margaret
- Simeon, Daphne
- ORCID
- Giesbrecht, Timo
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2007-12
- Volume
- 195
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 983-988
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2169443214
- Cited by
- 81
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 2.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (publishedVersion)
- Research Publications (Maastricht University) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-55582, R29MH055582)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Psychosomatic Disorders and Their Treatments
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- depersonalization disorder, dissociative disorders, cognitive function, short-term memory, visual recall, word recall, working memory, selective attention, distractibility, processing speed, perceptual processing
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety, Attention, Cognition Disorders, Depersonalization, Depression, Diagnosis, Differential, Dissociative Disorders, Female, Humans, Intelligence, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Neuropsychological Tests, Perceptual Disorders, Psychometrics, Reaction Time, Reality Testing, Retention, Psychology
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