The Influence of Major Depressive Disorder on Objective and Subjective Social Support: A Prospective Study
Abstract
The impact of persistent depression on social support (SS) is not well known. In the Vantaa Depression Study (VDS), 193 patients with DSM-IV MDD were interviewed at baseline, at 6 and 18 months. Objective SS was measured with the Interview Measure of Social Relationships (IMSR), and subjective SS with the Perceived Social Support Scale-Revised (PSSS-R); the influence of time spent in major depressive episodes (MDEs) on SS at 18 months was investigated. Low objective SS was independently predicted by low baseline objective SS, male gender, and longer time spent in MDEs; low subjective SS by longer time spent in MDEs and lower baseline subjective SS. Along with clinical improvement, subjective SS improved but objective SS did not. The persistence of MDD seems to weaken both objective and subjective SS. Whether this results in progressively weakening objective and subjective SS, and thereby lowers the threshold for future depressive episodes, should be further investigated.
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There is evidence for bidirectional relationships between perceived social support and symptoms of anxiety and depression.
“Finally, there is some evidence for bidirectional relationships between perceived social support and symptoms of anxiety and depression.”
Depression predicts social support.
“Specifically, there is evidence that social support predicts depression and depression predicts social support.9,10,28,29”
Social support predicts depression.
“Specifically, there is evidence that social support predicts depression and depression predicts social support.9,10,28,29”
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“Specifically, there is evidence that social support predicts depression and depression predicts social support.[9, 10, 28, 29] Less is known about the directionality of perceived social support and anxiety.”
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- Authors
- Leskelä, U., Melartin, T., Rytsälä, H., Sokero, P., Lestelä-Mielonen, P., & Isometsä, E.
- Affiliations
- Helsinki University Hospital (FI)
- Corresponding author
- Leskelä, Ulla
- Melartin, Tarja
- Rytsälä, Heikki
- Sokero, Petteri
- Lestelä-Mielonen, Paula
- Isometsä, Erkki
- ORCID
- Isometsä, Erkki
- Venue
- Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease
- Published
- 2008-12
- Volume
- 196
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 876-883
- ISSN
- 0022-3018 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1984000631
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 2.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Keywords
- major depressive disorder, social support, objective social support, subjective support, dysthymia, depressive episodes, depression recurrence, clinical improvement
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Major Depressive Disorder, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Male, Social Support, Disease Progression
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