Cited by 102Pain Mechanisms and TreatmentsMusculoskeletal pain and rehabilitationPain Management and Treatment

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The Association of Pain With Protein Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Review of the Literature

DeVon, Holli A., Piano, Mariann R., Rosenfeld, Anne G., Hoppensteadt, Debra A.·2014·Nursing Research

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Pain is a key diagnostic criterion in many medical conditions. In the absence of self-reported pain, measurement of a proxy for pain, such as an inflammatory biomarker, could aid in diagnosis and disease management. OBJECTIVES: The aim was to determine if there is an association between inflammatory biomarkers and self-reported pain in individuals with medical conditions associated with the symptom of pain and to clarify whether inflammatory biomarkers might aid in the diagnostic process. METHODS: An integrative literature review was conducted. PubMed, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched for articles published between January 2000 and September 2012. Inclusion criteria were original research testing a relationship between inflammatory biomarkers and pain, pain measurement, laboratory measure of inflammatory biomarkers, and a prospective single-group experimental design or comparative nonrandomized or randomized design. Excluded were studies describing an association between inflammatory biomarkers and treatment, risk, and generation; pathophysiology; or genetic polymorphisms/transcripts. Ten studies meeting inclusion criteria were reviewed. RESULTS: In most of the studies, baseline elevations in both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines were reported in painful conditions compared with healthy controls. In half of the studies, higher levels of proinflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-2 [IL-2], IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and CD40 ligand) were associated with greater pain. Proinflammatory cytokines decreased after treatment for pain in only two studies. DISCUSSION: The association between inflammatory markers varied in the direction and magnitude of expression, which may be explained by differences in designs and assays, disease condition and duration, variations in symptom severity, and timing of measurement. Elevation in anti-inflammatory cytokines in the presence of pain represents a homeostatic immune response. Further study is required to determine the value of cytokines as biomarkers of pain.

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Additional file 2 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336456
Additional file 9 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336486
Additional file 10 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336444
Additional file 1 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336450
Additional file 3 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336462
Additional file 5 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336474
Additional file 6 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336477
Additional file 4 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336468
Additional file 7 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336480
Additional file 8 of Telomere lengths in women treated for breast cancer show associations with chemotherapy, pain symptoms, and cognitive domain measures: a longitudinal study
Alhareeri, A. A., Archer, K. J., Fu, H. H., Lyon, D., Elswick, R. K., Kelly, D. L., Starkweather, A. R., Elmore, L. W., Bokhari, Y., & Jackson-Cook, C. K. (2020) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.13336483
Pain in polycystic ovary syndrome: a comprehensive bedside to bench perspective on an underrecognized symptom
Khodavirdilou, L., & Wilkerson, J. L. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2025.1670766
Triboelectric nanogenerator-based analytical platforms: Bridging chemical engineering, biomechanical sensing, and spinal musculoskeletal pain management
Li, D., Wei, W., & Wang, M. (2026) · Chemical Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.cej.2026.174569
A Three-Arm Randomized Trial of Aerobic Training Versus High-Intensity Interval Training on Clinical and Functional Outcomes in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain
Cinar, S. A., Demi̇rel, A., Sahiner, M. L., Öğe, K., & Bilgin, S. (2026) · Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.4103/njcp.njcp_476_25

Authors: DeVon, H. A., Piano, M. R., Rosenfeld, A. G., & Hoppensteadt, D. A.
Affiliations: University of Arizona (US)
ORCID: DeVon, Holli A.
Piano, Mariann R.
Rosenfeld, Anne G.
Venue: Nursing Research
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2014-01
Volume: 63
Issue: 1
Pages: 51-62
ISSN: 0029-6562 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000013
OpenAlex: W2019421527
Cited by: 101
References: 27
Citations by year: 2026: 8 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 6
FWCI: 4.18
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Nursing Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Nursing Research (R01NR012012)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology (medical) › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Musculoskeletal pain and rehabilitation
Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
Keywords: pain, inflammatory markers, cytokines, inflammatory cytokines, anti-inflammatory cytokines, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, interleukins, CD40 ligand, pain assessment, immune homeostasis
MeSH terms: Adult, Aged, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Pain, Pain Measurement, Prospective Studies, Biomarkers, Cytokines

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The Association of Pain With Protein Inflammatory Biomarkers: A Review of the Literature

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