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Cited by 340Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic DiseasesCardiovascular Disease and AdiposityObesity, Physical Activity, Diet

The implication of obesity and central fat on markers of chronic inflammation: The ATTICA study

PANAGIOTAKOS, D, PITSAVOS, C, YANNAKOULIA, M, CHRYSOHOOU, C, STEFANADIS, C·2005·Atherosclerosis
DOI 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.010
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Abstract

Objective We evaluated the association of obesity with various markers of chronic inflammation, in a population-based sample of 3,042 adults. Methods During 2001-2002, we randomly enrolled 1,514 men (18-87 years old) and 1,528 women (18-89 years old), from the Attica area, Greece; the sampling was stratified by the age-sex distribution of the region (census 2001). Among several variables, we also measured various inflammatory markers (C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor alpha, amyloid A, white blood cells and interleukin-6) and anthropometric variables (weight, height, waist and hip circumferences). Central fat was defined as waist-to-hip ratio>or=0.95 in men and>or=0.8 in women, while obesity as body mass index (BMI)>29.9 kg/m(2). Results Central fat prevailed in 36% of men and 43% of women (p<0.001), while obesity prevailed in 20% of men and 15% of women, respectively. Compared to participants with normal body fat distribution, those with central fat exhibited 53% higher C-reactive protein levels, 30% higher tumor necrosis factor, alpha levels, 26% higher amyloid A levels, 17% higher white blood cell counts and 42% higher interleukin-6 levels (all p<0.05). We observed that all inflammation markers were related to BMI (index for obesity), waist and to waist-to-hip ratio (indices for central fat), in both genders. Moreover, the models that included waist or waist-to-hip ratio as independent variable had higher explanatory ability (i.e. R(2)) than the models included BMI, especially in women, even after adjusting for age and various other potential confounders. Conclusion Our results suggest a relationship between central adiposity and inflammation process, irrespective of age and other potential confounders. This association was more prominent than the relationship between total obesity and inflammation. It could be hypothesized that a disproportionate accumulation of visceral fat mass could be partially associated with increased coronary risk, through inflammation process.

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  • Weight loss through reduced dietary intake and possibly bariatric surgery is associated with reductions in primary pro-inflammatory markers, partly due to normalized expression of inflammation-related genes in white adipose tissue and downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome.

    “Weight loss through reduced dietary intake and possibly bariatric surgery is associated with reductions in primary pro-inflammatory markers, in part owing to normalized expression of inflammation-related genes in white adipose tissue and to downregulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome58–61.”

    From Inflammageing: chronic inflammation in ageing, cardiovascular disease, and frailty (2018) · cites this paper as [58]

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Authors
PANAGIOTAKOS, D., PITSAVOS, C., YANNAKOULIA, M., CHRYSOHOOU, C., & STEFANADIS, C.
Affiliations
  • Harokopio University of Athens (GR)
  • National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (GR)
ORCID
Venue
Atherosclerosis
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2005-12
Volume
183
Issue
2
Pages
308-315
ISSN
0021-9150 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2005.03.010
OpenAlex
W2140972687
Cited by
340
References
34
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 9 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 12 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 21
FWCI
11.40
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Atherosclerosis (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Keywords
obesity, abdominal obesity, waist-to-hip ratio, chronic inflammation, inflammatory markers, C-reactive protein, TNF-α, amyloid A, interleukin-6, white blood cell count, body mass index, visceral fat, coronary heart disease risk, ATTICA study
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Serum Amyloid A Protein, C-Reactive Protein, Chronic Disease, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Female, Greece, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Middle Aged, Nephelometry and Turbidimetry, Obesity, Population Surveillance, Retrospective Studies, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha, Biomarkers, Interleukin-6, Body Mass Index, Prevalence, Body Fat Distribution

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