High performance and acceptability of self-collected rectal swabs for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men and women.

van der Helm, Jannie J.; Hoebe, Christian J. P. A.; van Rooijen, Martijn S.; Brouwers, Elfi E. H. G.; Fennema, Han S. A.; Thiesbrummel, Harold F. J.; Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H. T. M.

doi:10.1097/olq.0b013e3181a44b8c

Cited by 138Reproductive tract infections researchCervical Cancer and HPV ResearchHIV/AIDS Research and Interventions

High performance and acceptability of self-collected rectal swabs for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men and women.

van der Helm, Jannie J., Hoebe, Christian J. P. A., van Rooijen, Martijn S., Brouwers, Elfi E. H. G., Fennema, Han S. A., Thiesbrummel, Harold F. J., Dukers-Muijrers, Nicole H. T. M.·2009·Sexually Transmitted Diseases

DOI 10.1097/olq.0b013e3181a44b8c

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Identification of sexually transmitted infections (STI) is limited by the infrequent assessment of rectal STI. This study assesses usability of self-collected rectal swabs (SRS) in diagnosing rectal Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG). METHODS: In 2006 to 2007, clients of the Amsterdam and South Limburg STI outpatient clinics reporting receptive anal intercourse were asked to fill out a questionnaire and provide SRS. A standard provider-collected rectal swab (PRS) was also taken, and both were tested for CT and NG by a nucleic acid amplification tests. SRS performance was compared with PRS as to agreement, sensitivity, and specificity. RESULTS: Prevalence of rectal CT was 11% among the 1458 MSM and 9% among the 936 women. Rectal NG prevalence was 7% and 2%. In 98% of both MSM and women, SRS and PRS yielded concordant CT test results, for NG agreement was 98% for MSM and 99.4% for women. SRS performance for CT and NG diagnosis was good in both groups and was comparable for both study regions. Slightly more (57% of MSM, 62% of women) preferred SRS to PRS or had no preference; 97% would visit the STI clinic again if SRS was standard practice. CONCLUSIONS: Because anal sex is a common practice for MSM and women, and anal STI are frequently present, rectal screening should be an essential part of an STI consultation. SRS is a feasible, valid, and acceptable alternative for MSM and women attending STI clinics, and hence should be considered for other settings as well.

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Self-collected swabs have been reported to be an acceptable means of collection for pharyngeal and rectal specimens, which can enhance patient comfort and reduce clinical workloads.
“Self-collected swabs have been reported to be an acceptable means of collection for pharyngeal and rectal specimens (217–219), which can enhance patient comfort and reduce clinical workloads.”
From Sexually Transmitted Infections Treatment Guidelines, 2021 (2021) · cites this paper as [217]

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Authors: van der Helm, J. J., Hoebe, C. J. P. A., van Rooijen, M. S., Brouwers, E. E. H. G., Fennema, H. S. A., Thiesbrummel, H. F. J., & Dukers-Muijrers, N. H. T. M.
Affiliations: Maastricht University Medical Centre (NL)
Amsterdam Public Health (NL)
Corresponding author: Thiesbrummel, Harold F. J.
ORCID: Hoebe, Christian J. P. A.
Brouwers, Elfi E. H. G.
Venue: Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Publisher: Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health)
Published: 2009-08
Volume: 36
Issue: 8
Pages: 493-497
ISSN: 0148-5717 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1097/olq.0b013e3181a44b8c
OpenAlex: W2063503031
Cited by: 138
References: 29
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 7
FWCI: 6.07
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Sexually Transmitted Diseases (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Microbiology › Reproductive tract infections research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Cervical Cancer and HPV Research
Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, men who have sex with men, women, anal sex, STI screening, diagnostic accuracy, acceptability, nucleic acid amplification tests
MeSH terms: Chlamydia Infections, Chlamydia trachomatis, Female, Gonorrhea, Humans, Male, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Surveys and Questionnaires, Rectum, Self Care, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sexual Behavior, Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Specimen Handling, Reproducibility of Results, Prevalence, Homosexuality, Male, Heterosexuality, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques

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High performance and acceptability of self-collected rectal swabs for diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in men who have sex with men and women.

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