The impact of diabetes on cerebral structure and function
Open accessAbstract
Diabetes alters cerebral metabolism, structure, and function. Both hyperglycemia and therapy-associated hypoglycemia are believed to have an impact on the brain, and this impact may depend on the age of the individual, their stage of neurological development, and whether they have Type 1 or Type 2 diabetes. Hypoglycemia in children with Type 1 has consistently been associated with a reduction in neurocognitive function, but such a finding has not been seen in adults with Type 1 diabetes. Both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia have been linked with dementia in adults with Type 2 diabetes. In both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, recurrent episodes of treatment-associated hypoglycemia impair how well the brain can sense and respond to subsequent episodes of hypoglycemia. In this brief review, we will review how diabetes affects the brain with a focus on investigations done in our own laboratory. We have focused on using high magnetic field imaging and spectroscopy to identify subtle changes in brain structure and metabolism that may contribute to the long-term cerebral complications of diabetes. We have found evidence of microstructural changes in white matter regions, reduced gray matter density, and reduced activation of the thalamus in response to recurrent hypoglycemia in patients with Type 1 diabetes.
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Neurocognitive changes have been associated with microvascular and macrovascular alterations, brain structural changes, neuronal loss, and cerebral atrophy.
“their development has been linked with both microvascular and macrovascular changes and changes in brain structure, neuronal loss, and cerebral atrophy.123,124”
From Type 1 diabetes (2018) · cites this paper as [124]
In “Impact of Longstanding Type 1 Diabetes” (page unavailable), the paper links white-matter microstructure with a cognitive-test score and reports changes in cortical thickness. The Introduction (page unavailable) reports brain atrophy, while a further passage says the neurochemical findings may indicate neuronal loss or dysfunction. Our copy does not establish the claimed links with microvascular or macrovascular alterations, and neuronal loss is presented as a possibility rather than a demonstrated finding. (LLM, conf=0.85)
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- Authors
- Seaquist, E. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Minnesota (US)
- Corresponding author
- Seaquist, Elizabeth R.
- Venue
- Psychosomatic Medicine
- Published
- 2015-07
- Volume
- 77
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 616-621
- ISSN
- 0033-3174 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5623586
- OpenAlex
- W2235236958
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 4
- FWCI
- 7.23
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Psychosomatic Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (DK62440, 2 T32 DK7203, R01DK062440, T32DK007203)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (P30 NS5076408, R01NS035192, P30NS076408, P30NS057091)
- National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (P41EB015894)
- National Center for Research Resources (M01RR000400, 5M01 RR0400, P41RR008079)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Diabetes Management and Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Neurological and metabolic disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Keywords
- diabetes mellitus, brain metabolism, hyperglycemia, hypoglycemia, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, white matter microstructure, gray matter density, thalamus, neurocognitive function, dementia
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Child, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Hyperglycemia, Hypoglycemia
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