The DOI matches its Crossref record; 5 of the 5 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Montreal Cognitive Assessment: Validation Study for Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease
Abstract
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was recently proposed as a cognitive screening test for milder forms of cognitive impairment, having surpassed the well-known limitations of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). This study aims to validate the MoCA for screening Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) and Alzheimer disease (AD) through an analysis of diagnostic accuracy and the proposal of cut-offs. Patients were classified into 2 clinical groups according to standard criteria: MCI (n=90) and AD (n=90). The 2 control groups (C-MCI: n=90; C-AD: n=90) consisted of cognitively healthy community dwellers selected to match patients in sex, age, and education. The MoCA showed consistently superior psychometric properties compared with the MMSE, and higher diagnostic accuracy to discriminate between MCI (area under the curve=0.856; 95% confidence interval, 0.796-0.904) and AD patients (area under the curve=0.980; 95% confidence interval, 0.947-0.995). At an optimal cut-off of below 22 for MCI and below 17 for AD, the MoCA achieved significantly superior values in comparison with MMSE for sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and classification accuracy. Furthermore, the MoCA revealed higher sensitivity to cognitive decline in longitudinal monitoring. This study provides robust evidence that the MoCA is a better cognitive tool than the widely used MMSE for the screening and monitoring of MCI and AD in clinical settings.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment
Nasreddine, Z. S., Phillips, N. A., Bédirian, V., Charbonneau, S., Whitehead, V., Collin, I., Cummings, J. L., & Chertkow, H. (2005) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x · Cited by 25,553
Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: a preliminary report
Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(82)90033-4 · Cited by 15,025
Mild Cognitive Impairment: Clinical Characterization and Outcome
Petersen, R. C., Smith, G. E., Waring, S. C., Ivnik, R. J., Tangalos, E. G., & Kokmen, E. (1999) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.56.3.303 · Cited by 8,980
A new rating scale for Alzheimer's disease
(1984) · American Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1176/ajp.141.11.1356 · Cited by 4,175
Research works printed but not linked: 24
- Lobo, 2000, Prevalence of dementia and major subtypes in Europe: a collaborative study of population-based cohorts., Neurology, 54, S4
- Comas-Herrera, 2011, Future costs of dementia-related long-term care: exploring future scenarios., Int Psychogeriatr, 23, 20, 10.1017/S1041610210000025 · doi:10.1017/s1041610210000025
- Langa, 2001, National estimates of the quantity and cost of informal caregiving for the elderly with dementia., J Gen Intern Med, 16, 770, 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10123.x · doi:10.1111/j.1525-1497.2001.10123.x · Paper page
- Ferri, 2005, Global prevalence of dementia: a Delphi consensus study., Lancet, 366, 2112, 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67889-0 · DOI · Paper page
- Wimo, 2004, The magnitude of dementia occurrence in the world., Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord, 17, 63, 10.1097/00002093-200304000-00002 · DOI · Paper page
- Petersen, 2000, Mild cognitive impairment: transition between aging and Alzheimers disease., Neurology, 15, 93
- Petersen, 2004, Mild cognitive impairment as a diagnostic entity., J Intern Med, 256, 183, 10.1111/j.1365-2796.2004.01388.x · DOI · Paper page
- Petersen, 2007, Mild cognitive impairment., Contin Lifelong Learn Neurol, 13, 15, 10.1212/01.CON.0000267234.69379.4e · DOI
- Smith, 2007, The Montreal Cognitive Assessment: validity and utility in a memory clinic setting., Can J Psychiatry, 52, 329, 10.1177/070674370705200508 · DOI · Paper page
- Rahman, 2009, Montreal Cognitive Assessment Arabic version: reliability and validity prevalence of mild cognitive impairment among elderly attending geriatric clubs in Cairo., Geriatr Gerontol Int, 9, 54, 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2008.00509.x · DOI · Paper page
- Wen, 2008, The application of Montreal Cognitive Assessment in urban Chinese residents of Beijing., Chin J Intern Med, 47, 36
- Lee, 2008, Brief screening for mild cognitive impairment in elderly outpatient clinic: validation of the Korean version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment., J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 21, 104, 10.1177/0891988708316855 · DOI · Paper page
- Luis, 2009, Cross validation of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment in community dwelling older adults residing in the Southeastern US., Int J Geriatr Psychiatry, 24, 197, 10.1002/gps.2101 · DOI · Paper page
- Fujiwara, 2010, Brief screening toll for mild cognitive impairment in older Japanese: validation of the Japanese version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment., Geriatr Gerontol Int, 10, 225, 10.1111/j.1447-0594.2010.00585.x · DOI · Paper page
- Zhao, 2011, A clinical memory battery for screening for amnestic mild cognitive impairment in an elderly Chinese population., J Clin Neurosci, 18, 774, 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.07.149 · DOI
- Damian, 2011, The Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination as screening instruments for cognitive impairment: item analyses and threshold scores., Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord, 31, 126, 10.1159/000323867 · DOI
- Koski, 2009, Measuring cognition in a geriatric outpatients clinic: rash analysis of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment., J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol, 22, 151, 10.1177/0891988709332944 · DOI
- Koski, 2011, Improving precision in the quantification of cognition using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment and the Mini-Mental State Examination., Int Psychogeriatr, 1, 1
- Freitas, 2010, The sensitivity of the MoCA and MMSE to cognitive decline: a longitudinal study., Alzheimers Dement, 6, S353, 10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1184 · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2010.05.1184
- Hughes, 1982, A new clinical scale for the staging of dementia., Br J Psychiatry, 140, 566, 10.1192/bjp.140.6.566 · DOI · Paper page
- Schmand, 1996, Subjective memory complaints may announce dementia., Neurology, 46, 121, 10.1212/WNL.46.1.121 · DOI · Paper page
- McKhann, 1984, Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimers disease: report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimers disease., Neurology, 34, 939, 10.1212/WNL.34.7.939 · DOI · Paper page
- Freitas, 2010, Estudos de adaptacao do Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) para a populacao portuguesa Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA): Portuguese adaptation studies., Avaliacao Psicologica, 9, 345
- Hanley, 1983, A method of comparing the areas under receiver operating characteristic curves., Radiology, 148, 839, 10.1148/radiology.148.3.6878708 · DOI · Paper page
Cited by
T‐MoCA: A valid phone screen for cognitive impairment in diverse community samples
Katz, M. J., Wang, C., Nester, C. O., Derby, C. A., Zimmerman, M. E., Lipton, R. B., Sliwinski, M. J., & Rabin, L. A. (2021) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1002/dad2.12144 · Cited by 214
Huang, L., Chen, K.-L., Lin, B.-Y., Tang, L., Zhao, Q.-H., Lv, Y.-R., & Guo, Q.-H. (2018) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s174293 · Cited by 112
“…quick, simple, and feasible assessment tool for outpatients, superior to the MMSE with less time needed and higher efficiency for screening for MCI, 1,5,19,29 it is of great importance for clinical practice to verify MoCA-BC as a capable test to help discriminate the severity of AD instead of MMSE.”
Berg, J.-L., Durant, J., Léger, G. C., Cummings, J. L., Nasreddine, Z., & Miller, J. B. (2018) · Journal of Alzheimer’s Disease · doi:10.3233/jad-170896 · Cited by 72
Hsieh, N., Liu, H., & Lai, W.-H. (2021) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnaa136 · Cited by 64
Liang, S., Yu, W., Ma, X., Luo, S., Zhang, J., Sun, X., Luo, X., & Zhang, Y. (2020) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2020.01.052 · Cited by 55
Lazar, A., Thompson, H. J., Lin, S.-Y., & Demiris, G. (2018) · Proceedings of the ACM on Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1145/3274372 · Cited by 42
Austin, J., Klein, K., Mattek, N., & Kaye, J. (2017) · Alzheimer's & Dementia: Diagnosis, Assessment & Disease Monitoring · doi:10.1016/j.dadm.2017.02.003 · Cited by 41
Guzmán, A., Gillanders, D., Stevenson, A., & Ross, K. (2021) · Dementia · doi:10.1177/1471301219893862 · Cited by 16
Differences in transitional care provided to patients with and without dementia
Prusaczyk, B., Olsen, M. A., Carpenter, C. R., & Proctor, E. (2019) · Journal of Gerontological Nursing · doi:10.3928/00989134-20190530-02 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Freitas, S., Simões, M. R., Alves, L., & Santana, I.
- Venue
- Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders
- Published
- 2013-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 37-43
- ISSN
- 0893-0341 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2074760672
- Cited by
- 510
- References
- 5
- FWCI
- 6.89
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
