Health consequences of illegal drug use
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The aim of this article is to review recent research on the health consequences of illegal drug use and possible risk factors, with a particular focus on prospective evidence. RECENT FINDINGS: Mortality studies have revealed qualitative and quantitative changes in causes of death among heroin and injecting drug users (IDUs), probably due to increasing exposure to harm reduction programs, the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), the aging of drug users, and rising concurrent use of illegal drugs and prescription drugs. For morbidity, nonfatal overdose is still one of the most important concerns; likewise the higher prevalence of hepatitis C among non-IDUs and hepatitis A, B, C coinfection. Cannabis use has been consistently reported to be associated with the emergence of psychotic symptoms, yet that seems not to be the case for anxiety and depressive disorders. Use of 3,4 methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) has been linked with short-term negative effects on cognitive performance (i.e. visual memory). A series of longitudinal studies have shown enduring unfavorable effects of prenatal cocaine and marijuana exposure on children's physical, cognitive, and language development. SUMMARY: Prospective evidence on illegal drug use in particular subpopulations may be needed to better understand health problems among users at different life stages and the possible long-term effects.
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Tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, and drugs have important health implications.
“all of which have important health implications (Chen and Lin, 2009; Shield et al., 2014; U.S. DHHS, 2014).”
From Health lifestyles across the transition to adulthood: implications for health (2017) · cites this paper as Chen and Lin, 2009
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- Authors
- Chen, C.-Y., & Lin, K.-M.
- Affiliations
- National Health Research Institutes (TW)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Chuan-Yu
- ORCID
- Chen, Chuan-Yu
- Venue
- Current Opinion in Psychiatry
- Published
- 2009-05
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 287-292
- ISSN
- 0951-7367 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2060940195
- Cited by
- 136
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 0.97
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Current Opinion in Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Keywords
- illicit drug use, health effects, heroin, people who inject drugs, harm reduction, highly active antiretroviral therapy, causes of death, non-fatal overdose, hepatitis C, cannabis, psychotic symptoms, MDMA, cognitive performance, prenatal cocaine exposure, prenatal cannabis exposure, child development, prescription drug use
- MeSH terms
- Amphetamine, Marijuana Abuse, Depressive Disorder, Health Status, Hepatitis C, Humans, Psychotic Disorders, Illicit Drugs, Substance Abuse, Intravenous, N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine, Substance-Related Disorders
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