The DOI matches its Crossref record; 46 of the 46 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A schlieren optical study of the human cough with and without wearing masks for aerosol infection control
Open accessAbstract
Various infectious agents are known to be transmitted naturally via respiratory aerosols produced by infected patients. Such aerosols may be produced during normal activities by breathing, talking, coughing and sneezing. The schlieren optical method, previously applied mostly in engineering and physics, can be effectively used here to visualize airflows around human subjects in such indoor situations, non-intrusively and without the need for either tracer gas or airborne particles. It accomplishes this by rendering visible the optical phase gradients owing to real-time changes in air temperature. In this study, schlieren video records are obtained of human volunteers coughing with and without wearing standard surgical and N95 masks. The object is to characterize the exhaled airflows and evaluate the effect of these commonly used masks on the fluid-dynamic mechanisms that spread infection by coughing. Further, a high-speed schlieren video of a single cough is analysed by a computerized method of tracking individual turbulent eddies, demonstrating the non-intrusive velocimetry of the expelled airflow. Results show that human coughing projects a rapid turbulent jet into the surrounding air, but that wearing a surgical or N95 mask thwarts this natural mechanism of transmitting airborne infection, either by blocking the formation of the jet (N95 mask), or by redirecting it in a less harmful direction (surgical mask).
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Cites
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Cited by
Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing
Bourouiba, L., Dehandschoewercker, E., & Bush, J. W. M. (2014) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.88 · Cited by 828
Asadi, S., Cappa, C. D., Barreda, S., Wexler, A. S., Bouvier, N. M., & Ristenpart, W. D. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72798-7 · Cited by 480
Coughs and Sneezes: Their Role in Transmission of Respiratory Viral Infections, Including SARS-CoV-2
Dhand, R., & Li, J. (2020) · American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.1164/rccm.202004-1263pp · Cited by 409
Face mask use in the general population and optimal resource allocation during the COVID-19 pandemic
Worby, C. J., & Chang, H.-H. (2020) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-020-17922-x · Cited by 379
Enhanced spread of expiratory droplets by turbulence in a cough jet
Wei, J., & Li, Y. (2015) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2015.06.018 · Cited by 321
Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, J. W., Liebner, T. J., Craven, B. A., & Settles, G. S.
- Venue
- Journal of The Royal Society Interface
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2009-10-08
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- suppl_6
- Pages
- S727-36
- ISSN
- 1742-5662 (ISSN-L)
- 1742-5689
- OpenAlex
- W2105068983
- Cited by
- 300
- References
- 46
- FWCI
- 6.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
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