The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises
Open accessAbstract
Summary The epidemics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2003 highlighted both short- and long-range transmission routes, i.e. between infected patients and healthcare workers, and between distant locations. With other infections such as tuberculosis, measles and chickenpox, the concept of aerosol transmission is so well accepted that isolation of such patients is the norm. With current concerns about a possible approaching influenza pandemic, the control of transmission via infectious air has become more important. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe the factors involved in: (1) the generation of an infectious aerosol, (2) the transmission of infectious droplets or droplet nuclei from this aerosol, and (3) the potential for inhalation of such droplets or droplet nuclei by a susceptible host. On this basis, recommendations are made to improve the control of aerosol-transmitted infections in hospitals as well as in the design and construction of future isolation facilities.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Transmissibility of 1918 pandemic influenza
Mills, C. E., Robins, J. M., & Lipsitch, M. (2004) · Nature · doi:10.1038/nature03063 · Cited by 796
The size distribution of droplets in the exhaled breath of healthy human subjects
PAPINENI, R. S., & ROSENTHAL, F. S. (1997) · Journal of Aerosol Medicine · doi:10.1089/jam.1997.10.105 · Cited by 690
Inhaling to mitigate exhaled bioaerosols
Edwards, D. A., Man, J. C., Brand, P., Katstra, J. P., Sommerer, K., Stone, H. A., Nardell, E., & Scheuch, G. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0408159101 · Cited by 362
Bjørn, E., & Nielsen, P. V. (2002) · Indoor Air · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0668.2002.08126.x · Cited by 294
Research works printed but not linked: 135
- Wong, 2004, Cluster of SARS among medical students exposed to single patient, Hong Kong, Emerg Infect Dis, 10, 269, 10.3201/eid1002.030452 · DOI · Paper page
- Yu, 2005, Temporal-spatial analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome among hospital inpatients, Clin Infect Dis, 40, 1237, 10.1086/428735 · DOI
- Li, 2005, Role of air distribution in SARS transmission during the largest nosocomial outbreak in Hong Kong, Indoor Air, 15, 83, 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00317.x · DOI · Paper page
- Yu, 2004, Evidence of airborne transmission of the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus, N Engl J Med, 350, 1731, 10.1056/NEJMoa032867 · DOI · Paper page
- Li, 2005, Multi-zone modeling of probable SARS virus transmission by airflow between flats in Block E, Amoy Gardens, Indoor Air, 15, 96, 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2004.00318.x · DOI · Paper page
- Hemmes, 1960, Virus survival as a seasonal factor in influenza and poliomyelitis, Nature, 188, 430, 10.1038/188430a0 · DOI · Paper page
- Riley, 1978, Airborne spread of measles in a surburban elementary school, Am J Epidemiol, 107, 421, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112560 · DOI · Paper page
- Gwaltney, 1980, Epidemiology of the common cold, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 54, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18905.x · DOI
- Gregg, 1980, The epidemiology of influenza in humans, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 45, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18904.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18904.x
- Knight, 1980, Viruses as agents of airborne contagion, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 147, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18917.x · DOI
- Hammond, 1989, Impact of atmospheric dispersion and transport of viral aerosols on the epidemiology of influenza, Rev Infect Dis, 11, 494, 10.1093/clinids/11.3.494 · DOI
- Goldmann, 2000, Transmission of viral respiratory infections in the home, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 19, S97, 10.1097/00006454-200010001-00002 · DOI
- Goldmann, 2001, Epidemiology and prevention of pediatric viral respiratory infections in health-care institutions, Emerg Infect Dis, 7, 249, 10.3201/eid0702.010220 · DOI
- Aitken, 2001, Nosocomial spread of viral disease, Clin Microbiol Rev, 14, 528, 10.1128/CMR.14.3.528-546.2001 · DOI · Paper page
- Marks, 2003, A school outbreak of Norwalk-like virus: evidence for airborne transmission, Epidemiol Infect, 131, 727, 10.1017/S0950268803008689 · DOI
- Myatt, 2003, Airborne rhinovirus detection and effect of ultraviolet irradiation on detection by a semi-nested RT-PCR assay, BMC Public Health, 3, 5, 10.1186/1471-2458-3-5 · DOI
- Leclair, 1980, Airborne transmission of chickenpox in a hospital, N Engl J Med, 302, 450, 10.1056/NEJM198002213020807 · DOI · Paper page
- Josephson, 1988, Airborne transmission of nosocomial varicella from localized zoster, J Infect Dis, 158, 238, 10.1093/infdis/158.1.238 · doi:10.1093/infdis/158.1.238
- Sawyer, 1994, Detection of varicella-zoster DNA in air samples from hospital rooms, J Infect Dis, 169, 91, 10.1093/infdis/169.1.91 · DOI
- Asano, 1999, Spread of varicella zoster DNA to family members and environments from siblings with varicella in a household, Pediatrics, 103, e61, 10.1542/peds.103.5.e61 · doi:10.1542/peds.103.5.e61
- Asano, 1999, Rapid contamination with varicella zoster virus DNA to the throat of a daycare attendee and environmental surfaces from a child with varicella, Pediatr Int, 41, 233, 10.1046/j.1442-200X.1999.4121049.x · doi:10.1046/j.1442-200x.1999.4121049.x
- Yoshikawa, 2001, Rapid contamination of the environment with varicella zoster virus DNA from a patient with herpes zoster, J Med Virol, 63, 64, 10.1002/1096-9071(200101)63:1<64::AID-JMV1009>3.0.CO;2-6 · doi:10.1002/1096-9071(200101)63:1<64::aid-jmv1009>3.0.co;2-6
- Suzuki, 2002, Detection of varicella zoster virus DNA in throat swabs of patients with herpes zoster and on air purifier filters, J Med Virol, 66, 567, 10.1002/jmv.2182 · doi:10.1002/jmv.2182
- Suzuki, 2004, Detection of aerosolized varicella-zoster virus DNA in patients with localized herpes zoster, J Infect Dis, 189, 1009, 10.1086/382029 · DOI
- Fraser, 1980, Legionellosis: evidence of airborne transmission, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 61, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18906.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18906.x
- Kaufmann, 1980, Airborne spread of brucellosis, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 105, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18912.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18912.x
- Brachman, 1980, Inhalation anthrax, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 83, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18910.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18910.x
- Kelsen, 1980, The role of airborne bacteria in the contamination of fine particle nebulizers and the development of nosocomial pneumonia, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 218, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18925.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18925.x
- Bovallius, 1980, Long-range transmission of bacteria, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 186, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18922.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18922.x
- McDonald, 1998, Outbreak of Acinetobacter spp. bloodstream infections in a nursery associated with contaminated aerosols and air conditioners, Pediatr Infect Dis J, 17, 716, 10.1097/00006454-199808000-00011 · doi:10.1097/00006454-199808000-00011
- Uduman, 2002, An outbreak of Serratia marcescens infection in a special-care baby unit of a community hospital in United Arab Emirates: the importance of the air conditioner duct as a nosocomial reservoir, J Hosp Infect, 52, 175, 10.1053/jhin.2002.1308 · doi:10.1053/jhin.2002.1308
- Dull, 2002, Bacillis anthracis aerosolization associated with a contaminated mail sorting machine, Emerg Infect Dis, 8, 1044, 10.3201/eid0810.020356 · doi:10.3201/eid0810.020356
- Fennelly, 2004, Airborne infection with Bacillus anthracis – from mills to mail, Emerg Infect Dis, 10, 996, 10.3201/eid1006.020738 · DOI
- Houk, 1980, Spread of tuberculosis via recirculated air in a naval vessel. The Byrd study, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 10, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18901.x · DOI
- Hutton, 1990, Nosocomial transmission of tuberculosis associated with a draining abscess, J Infect Dis, 161, 286, 10.1093/infdis/161.2.286 · DOI
- Nardell, 1991, Nosocomial tuberculosis in the AIDS era: strategies for interrupting transmission in developed countries, Bull Int Union Tuberc Lung Dis, 66, 107
- Rutala, 1995, Efficacy of portable filtration units in reducing aerosolized particles in the size range of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 16, 391, 10.1086/647136 · DOI
- Miller–Leiden, 1996, Effectiveness of in-room air filtration and dilution ventilation for tuberculosis infection control, J Air Waste Manag Assoc, 46, 869, 10.1080/10473289.1996.10467523 · DOI
- Nicas, 1996, Refining a risk model for occupational tuberculosis transmission, Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 57, 16, 10.1080/15428119691015179 · doi:10.1080/15428119691015179
- Hannan, 2000, Hospital infection control in an era of HIV infection and multi-drug resistant tuberculosis, J Hosp Infect, 44, 5, 10.1053/jhin.1999.0651 · DOI
- Beggs, 2003, The transmission of tuberculosis in confirmed spaces: an analytical review of alternative epidemiological models, Int J Tuberc Lung Dis, 7, 1015
- Ko, 2004, Estimation of tuberculosis risk on a commercial airliner, Risk Anal, 24, 379, 10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00439.x · doi:10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00439.x
- Aylor, 1980, Aerial dissemination of fungal spores, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 116, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18914.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18914.x
- Herman, 1980, Aspergillus in patient care areas, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 140, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18916.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18916.x
- Campbell, 1980, (Philosophical) review of air currents as a continuing vector, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 123, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18915.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18915.x
- Srinivasan, 2002, The ability of hospital ventilation systems to filter Aspergillus and other fungi following a building implosion, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 239, 520, 10.1086/502100 · doi:10.1086/502100
- Hahn, 2002, Efficacy of high-efficiency particulate air filtration in preventing aspergillosis in immunocompromised patients with hematologic malignancies, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 23, 525, 10.1086/502101 · DOI
- Cooper, 2003, Influence of building construction work on aspergillus infection in a hospital setting, Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol, 24, 472, 10.1086/502239 · DOI
- Engelhart, 2003, Impact of portable air filtration units on exposure of haematology-oncology patients to airborne Aspergillus fumigatus spores under field conditions, J Hosp Infect, 54, 300, 10.1016/S0195-6701(03)00176-2 · doi:10.1016/s0195-6701(03)00176-2
- Lutz, 2003, Outbreak of invasive aspergillus infection in surgical patients, associated with a contaminated air-handling system, Clin Infect Dis, 37, 786, 10.1086/377537 · DOI
- Humphreys, 2004, Positive-pressure isolation and the prevention of invasive aspergillosis. What is the evidence?, J Hosp Infect, 56, 93, 10.1016/j.jhin.2003.10.011 · DOI
- Hensley, 2004, Levels of total fungus and aspergillus on a pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant unit, J Pediatr Oncol Nurs, 21, 67, 10.1177/1043454203262696 · DOI
- Heinemann, 2004, Environmental investigations and molecular typing of Aspergillus flavus during an outbreak of postoperative infections, J Hosp Infect, 57, 149, 10.1016/j.jhin.2004.02.007 · DOI
- Munoz, 2004, Nosocomial invasive aspergillosis in a heart transplant patient acquired during a break in the HEPA air filtration system, Transpl Infect Dis, 6, 50, 10.1111/j.1399-3062.2004.00047.x · DOI
- Pini, 2004, Two years of a fungal aerobiocontamination survey in a Florentine haematology ward, Eur J Epidemiol, 19, 693, 10.1023/B:EJEP.0000036778.13006.16 · DOI
- Beggs, 2003, The airborne transmission of infection in hospital buildings: fact or fiction?, Indoor Built Environ, 12, 9, 10.1177/1420326X03012001002 · DOI · Paper page
- Kundsin, 1980, Documentation of airborne infection during surgery, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 255, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18928.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18928.x
- Hambraeus, 1988, Aerobiology in the operating room – a review, J Hosp Infect, 11, 68, 10.1016/0195-6701(88)90169-7 · DOI
- Holton, 1990, A microbiologists view of commissioning operating theatres, J Hosp Infect, 16, 29, 10.1016/0195-6701(90)90046-Q · doi:10.1016/0195-6701(90)90046-q
- Ayliffe, 1991, Role of the environment of the operating suite in surgical wound infection, Rev Infect Dis, 13, S800, 10.1093/clinids/13.Supplement_10.S800 · DOI
- Whyte, 1992, The relative importance of the routes and sources of wound contamination during general surgery. II. Airborne, J Hosp Infect, 22, 41, 10.1016/0195-6701(92)90129-A · DOI
- Holton, 1993, Commissioning operating theatres, J Hosp Infect, 23, 153, 10.1016/0195-6701(93)90019-V · DOI
- Gundermann, 1980, Spread of microorganisms by air-conditioning systems – especially in hospitals, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 209, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18924.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18924.x
- Li Y, Leung G, Tang JW, et al. Role of ventilation in airborne transmission of infectious agents in the built environment – a multidisciplinary systematic review. Indoor Air; in press.
- Hambraeus, 1973, Infections in a burns unit. An attempt to study the airborne transfer of bacteria, Contrib Microbiol Immunol, 1, 459
- Demling, 1980, The treatment of burn patients in a laminar airflow environment, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 294, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18932.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18932.x
- Behringer, 1980, The contribution of a bacterially isolated environment to the prevention of infections in seriously burned patients, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 300, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18933.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18933.x
- Bauer, 1990, An epidemiological study assessing the relative importance of airborne and direct contact transmission of microorganisms in a medical intensive care unit, J Hosp Infect, 15, 301, 10.1016/0195-6701(90)90087-5 · DOI
- Gilmour, 1995, The effects of circuit and humidifier type on contamination potential during mechanical ventilation: a laboratory study, Am J Infect Control, 23, 65, 10.1016/0196-6553(95)90096-9 · doi:10.1016/0196-6553(95)90096-9
- Somogyi, 2004, Dispersal of respiratory droplets with open vs closed oxygen delivery masks: implications for the transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Chest, 125, 1155, 10.1378/chest.125.3.1155 · DOI
- Hui DS, Ip M, Tang JW, et al. Airflows around oxygen masks: a potential source of infection? Chest; in press.
- Shpuntoff, 1993, High-speed dental handpieces and spread of airborne infections, N Y State Dent J, 59, 21
- Miller, 1995, Characteristics of blood-containing aerosols generated by common powered dental instruments, Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 56, 670, 10.1080/15428119591016683 · doi:10.1080/15428119591016683
- Barnes, 1998, Blood contamination of the aerosols produced by in vivo use of ultrasonic scalers, J Periodontol, 69, 434, 10.1902/jop.1998.69.4.434 · doi:10.1902/jop.1998.69.4.434
- Harrel, 2004, Aerosols and splatter in dentistry, JADA, 135, 429
- Johnson, 1991, Human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) in the vapors of surgical power instruments, J Med Virol, 33, 47, 10.1002/jmv.1890330110 · doi:10.1002/jmv.1890330110
- Heinsohn, 1993, Exposure to blood-containing aerosols in the operating room: a preliminary study, Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 54, 446, 10.1080/15298669391354946 · doi:10.1080/15298669391354946
- Jewett, 1992, Blood-containing aerosols generated by surgical techniques: a possible infectious hazard, Am Ind Hyg Assoc J, 53, 228, 10.1080/15298669291359564 · doi:10.1080/15298669291359564
- Nogler, 2001, Aerosols produced by high-speed cutters in cervical spine surgery: extent of environmental contamination, Eur Spine J, 10, 274, 10.1007/s005860100310 · doi:10.1007/s005860100310
- Nogler, 2001, Environmental and body contamination through aerosols produced by high-speed cutters in lumbar spine surgery, Spine, 26, 2156, 10.1097/00007632-200110010-00023 · doi:10.1097/00007632-200110010-00023
- Nogler, 2003, Contamination during removal of cement in revision hip arthroplasty. A cadaver study using ultrasound and high-speed cutters, J Bone Joint Surg Br, 85, 436, 10.1302/0301-620X.85B3.12451 · doi:10.1302/0301-620x.85b3.12451
- Wong, 2004, Transmission and prevention of occupational infections in orthopaedic surgeons, J Bone Joint Surg Am, 86-A, 1065, 10.2106/00004623-200405000-00029 · DOI
- Bausam, 1982, Comparison of coliphage and bacterial aerosols at a wastewater spray irrigation site, Appl Environ Microbiol, 43, 28, 10.1128/AEM.43.1.28-38.1982 · doi:10.1128/aem.43.1.28-38.1982
- Baylor, 1980, Surf-to-wind transfer of viruses, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 201, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18923.x · DOI
- Gerba, 1975, Microbiological hazards of household toilets: droplet production and the fate of residual organisms, Appl Microbiol, 30, 229, 10.1128/AEM.30.2.229-237.1975 · doi:10.1128/aem.30.2.229-237.1975 · Paper page
- Tang, 2005, Door-opening motion can potentially lead to a transient breakdown in negative-pressure isolation conditions: the importance of vorticity and buoyancy airflows, J Hosp Infect, 61, 283, 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.05.017 · DOI
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2003, Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52
- Wells, 1934, On air-borne infection. II. Droplets and droplet nuclei, Am J Hyg, 20, 611
- Fennelly, 2004, Cough-generated aerosols of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a new method to study infectiousness, Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 169, 604, 10.1164/rccm.200308-1101OC · DOI · Paper page
- Booth, 2005, Detection of airborne severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) coronavirus and environmental contamination in SARS outbreak units, J Infect Dis, 191, 1472, 10.1086/429634 · DOI · Paper page
- Xiao, 2004, Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi, 25, 882
- Wong, 2006, Avian influenza virus infections in humans, Chest, 129, 156, 10.1378/chest.129.1.156 · DOI · Paper page
- Ferguson, 2005, Strategies for containing an emerging influenza pandemic in Southeast Asia, Nature, 437, 209, 10.1038/nature04017 · DOI · Paper page
- Fraser, 2004, Factors that make an infectious disease outbreak controllable, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, 101, 6146, 10.1073/pnas.0307506101 · DOI · Paper page
- Lipsitch, 2003, Transmission dynamics and control of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Science, 300, 1966, 10.1126/science.1086616 · DOI · Paper page
- Riley, 2003, Transmission dynamics of the etiological agent of SARS in Hong Kong: impact of public health interventions, Science, 300, 1961, 10.1126/science.1086478 · DOI · Paper page
- Cole, 1998, Characterization of infectious aerosols in health care facilities: an aid to effective engineering controls and preventive strategies, Am J Infect Control, 26, 453, 10.1016/S0196-6553(98)70046-X · DOI · Paper page
- Lim, 2004, Laboratory-acquired severe acute respiratory syndrome, N Engl J Med, 350, 1740, 10.1056/NEJMoa032565 · DOI
- Meselson, 1994, The Sverdlovsk anthrax outbreak of 1979, Science, 266, 1202, 10.1126/science.7973702 · DOI · Paper page
- Lew, 2003, Acute respiratory distress syndrome in critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, JAMA, 16, 374, 10.1001/jama.290.3.374 · DOI · Paper page
- Manocha, 2003, Severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (SARS): a critical care perspective, Crit Care Med, 31, 2684, 10.1097/01.CCM.0000091929.51288.5F · DOI
- Fowler, 2003, Critically ill patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome, JAMA, 290, 367, 10.1001/jama.290.3.367 · DOI · Paper page
- Lapinsky, 2003, ICU management of severe acute respiratory syndrome, Intensive Care Med, 29, 870, 10.1007/s00134-003-1821-0 · DOI
- Kiel, 1989, Combining door swing pumping with density driven flow, ASHRAE Trans, 95, 590
- Wilson, 1990, Gravity driven counterflow through an open door in a sealed room, Build Environ, 25, 379, 10.1016/0360-1323(90)90012-G · doi:10.1016/0360-1323(90)90012-g
- Bush, 1998, Fluid displacement by bubbles rising in a thin gap, Int J Multiphase Flow, 24, 411, 10.1016/S0301-9322(97)00068-2 · doi:10.1016/s0301-9322(97)00068-2
- Goldner, 1980, Ultraviolet light for the control of airborne bacteria in the operating room, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 271, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18930.x · DOI
- Lowell, 1980, Ultraviolet radiation and reduction of deep wound infection following hip and knee arthroplasty, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 285, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18931.x · DOI
- Lidwell, 1994, Ultraviolet radiation and the control of airborne contamination in the operating room, J Hosp Infect, 28, 245, 10.1016/0195-6701(94)90088-4 · doi:10.1016/0195-6701(94)90088-4
- Riley, 1980, Prevention and control of airborne infection in the community, Ann NY Acad Sci, 353, 331, 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18936.x · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb18936.x
- Stephenson, 1984, Effect of environmental factors on aerosol-induced Lassa virus infection, J Med Virol, 14, 295, 10.1002/jmv.1890140402 · DOI · Paper page
- Ijaz, 1985, Survival characteristics of airborne human coronavirus 229E, J Gen Virol, 66, 2743, 10.1099/0022-1317-66-12-2743 · DOI · Paper page
- Bean, 1982, Survival of influenza viruses on environmental surfaces, J Infect Dis, 146, 47, 10.1093/infdis/146.1.47 · DOI · Paper page
- Lai, 2005, Survival of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus, Clin Infect Dis, 41, e67, 10.1086/433186 · DOI · Paper page
- Dinter, 1988, The tenacity of bacteria in the airborne state. VI Tenacity of airborne S. senftenberg, Zentralbl Bakteriol Mikrobiol Hyg, 186, 278
- Holton, 1993, Commissioning operating theatres, J Hosp Infect, 23, 153, 10.1016/0195-6701(93)90019-V · DOI
- Franz, 1997, Clinical recognition and management of patients exposed to biological warfare agents, JAMA, 278, 399, 10.1001/jama.278.5.399 · doi:10.1001/jama.278.5.399
- Bloch, 1985, Measles outbreak in a pediatric practice: airborne transmission in an office setting, Pediatrics, 75, 676, 10.1542/peds.75.4.676 · DOI · Paper page
- Gustafson, 1982, An outbreak of airborne nosocomial varicella, Pediatrics, 70, 550, 10.1542/peds.70.4.550 · DOI
- Hoge, 1994, An epidemic of pneumococcal disease in an overcrowded, inadequately ventilated jail, N Engl J Med, 331, 643, 10.1056/NEJM199409083311004 · DOI · Paper page
- Menzies, 2000, Hospital ventilation and risk for tuberculous infection in Canadian health care workers, Ann Intern Med, 133, 779, 10.7326/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00010 · DOI · Paper page
- Riley, 1962, Infectiousness of air from a tuberculosis ward: ultraviolet irradiation of infected air: comparative infectiousness of different patients, Am Rev Respir Dis, 85, 511
- Moser, 1979, An outbreak of influenza aboard a commercial airliner, Am J Epidemiol, 110, 1, 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112781 · DOI · Paper page
- Schulman, 1962, Airborne transmission of influenza virus infection in mice, Nature, 195, 1129, 10.1038/1951129a0 · DOI
- Wehrle, 1970, An airborne outbreak of smallpox in a German hospital and its significance with respect to other recent outbreaks in Europe, Bull World Health Organ, 43, 669
- Seto, 2003, Advisors of expert SARS group of Hospital Authority. Effectiveness of precautions against droplets and contact in prevention of nosocomial transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Lancet, 361, 1519, 10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13168-6 · DOI · Paper page
- Holmberg, 1998, Modelling of indoor environment – particle dispersion and deposition, Indoor Air, 8, 113, 10.1111/j.1600-0668.1998.t01-2-00006.x · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0668.1998.t01-2-00006.x
- Leung, 2003, The impact of community psychological responses on outbreak control for severe acute respiratory syndrome in Hong Kong, J Epidemiol Community Health, 57, 857, 10.1136/jech.57.11.857 · DOI · Paper page
- Lo, 2005, Respiratory infections during SARS outbreak, Hong Kong, 2003, Emerg Infect Dis, 11, 1738, 10.3201/eid1111.050729 · DOI
- Janssen, 1999, The history of ventilation and temperature control, ASHRAE J, 10, 47
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005, Guidelines for preventing transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in health-care settings, 2005, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 54
- Linden, 1999, The fluid mechanics of natural ventilation, Ann Rev Fluid Mech, 31, 201, 10.1146/annurev.fluid.31.1.201 · DOI · Paper page
- Qian, 2006, Dispersion of exhaled droplet nuclei in a two-bed hospital ward with three different ventilation systems, Indoor Air, 16, 111, 10.1111/j.1600-0668.2005.00407.x · DOI · Paper page
- Health Canada, 1996, Guidelines for preventing the transmission of tuberculosis in Canadian health care facilities and other institutional settings – IVE. Engineering controls to minimize TB transmission, Can Commun Dis Rep, 22S1
- Kao, 2006, Virus diffusion in isolation rooms, J Hosp Infect, 62, 338, 10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.019 · doi:10.1016/j.jhin.2005.07.019
Cited by
Airborne transmission of respiratory viruses
Wang, C. C., Prather, K. A., Sznitman, J., Jimenez, J. L., Lakdawala, S. S., Tufekci, Z., & Marr, L. C. (2021) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.abd9149 · Cited by 1,543
Transmissibility and transmission of respiratory viruses
Leung, N. H. L. (2021) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/s41579-021-00535-6 · Cited by 890
Violent expiratory events: on coughing and sneezing
Bourouiba, L., Dehandschoewercker, E., & Bush, J. W. M. (2014) · Journal of Fluid Mechanics · doi:10.1017/jfm.2014.88 · Cited by 828
Transmission routes of respiratory viruses among humans
Kutter, J. S., Spronken, M. I., Fraaij, P. L., Fouchier, R. A., & Herfst, S. (2018) · Current Opinion in Virology · doi:10.1016/j.coviro.2018.01.001 · Cited by 611
Consideration of the Aerosol Transmission for COVID-19 and Public Health
Anderson, E. L., Turnham, P., Griffin, J. R., & Clarke, C. C. (2020) · Risk Analysis · doi:10.1111/risa.13500 · Cited by 433
Metadata
- Authors
- Tang, J. W., Li, Y., Eames, I., Chan, P. K. S., & Ridgway, G. L.
- Venue
- Journal of Hospital Infection
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2006-10
- Volume
- 64
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 100-114
- ISSN
- 0195-6701 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2038062067
- Cited by
- 667
- References
- 4
- FWCI
- 11.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.jhin.2006.05.022
- The paper
- Tang, J. W., Li, Y., Eames, I., Chan, P. K. S., & Ridgway, G. L. (2006). Factors involved in the aerosol transmission of infection and control of ventilation in healthcare premises. Journal of Hospital Infection. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhin.2006.05.022
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.