Are faces of different species perceived categorically by human observers?
Open accessAbstract
What are the species boundaries of face processing? Using a face-feature morphing algorithm, image series intermediate between human, monkey (macaque), and bovine faces were constructed. Forced-choice judgement of these images showed sharply bounded categories for upright face images of each species. These predicted the perceptual discrimination boundaries for upright monkey-cow and cow-human images, but not human-monkey images. Species categories were also well-judged for inverted face images, but these did not give sharpened discrimination (categorical perception) at the category boundaries. While categorical species judgements are made reliably, only the distinction between primate faces and cow faces appears to be categorically perceived, and only in upright faces. One inference is that humans may judge monkey faces in terms of human characteristics, albeit distinctive ones.
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Humans and anthropomorphic characters share many fundamental similarities that could place them in the same overarching category of humanlike entities.
“Similarly as humans and other primates, humans and anthropomorphic characters share many fundamental similarities that could place them in the same overarching category of humanlike entities (cf. Campbell et al., 1997; Cheetham et al., 2011).”
From A review of empirical evidence on different uncanny valley hypotheses: support for perceptual mismatch as one road to the valley of eeriness (2015) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 1997
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- Authors
- Campbell, R., Pascalis, O., Coleman, M., Wallace, S. B., & Benson, P. J.
- Affiliations
- University College London (GB)
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, London SE5 8AF, UK
- University of Oxford (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, R.
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 1997-10-22
- Volume
- 264
- Issue
- 1387
- Pages
- 1429-1434
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC1688699
- OpenAlex
- W2156655989
- Cited by
- 50
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 3 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 0.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- europepmc.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Evolutionary Psychology and Human Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Keywords
- face perception, categorical perception, species classification, face morphing, upright faces, inverted faces, macaque
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Animals, Cattle, Discrimination, Psychological, Face, Humans, Macaca mulatta, Models, Psychological, Neuropsychology, Species Specificity, Visual Perception
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