Looking at upside-down faces.
Abstract
Compared memory for faces with memory for other classes of familar and complex objects which, like faces, are also customarily seen only in 1 orientation (mono-oriented). Performance of 4 students was tested when the inspection and test series were presented in the same orientation, either both upri
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Adults are less accurate at recognizing faces when images are inverted or contain misaligned parts.
“adults are less accurate at recognizing faces when images are inverted or contain misaligned parts (60–62).”
From Deepfake detection by human crowds, machines, and machine-informed crowds (2022) · cites this paper as [60]
Cites
Art and Visual Perception, a Psychology of the Creative Eye
McCurdy, H. G., & Arnheim, R. (1955) · Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism · doi:10.2307/426441 · Cited by 687 · see citing works
Köhler, W. (1940) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Recognition of faces: I. An exploratory study
Hochberg, J. E., & Galper, R. E. (1967) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03327918 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Recognition by children of realistic figures presented in various orientations.
Ghent, L. (1960) · Canadian Journal of Psychology/Revue Canadienne de Psychologie · doi:10.1037/h0083187 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Dallett, K. M., Wilcox, S. G., & D'Andrea, L. (1968) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0025383 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Learning of inverted and normally oriented faces in children and adults
Goldstein, A. G. (1965) · Psychonomic Science · doi:10.3758/bf03343225 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
RECOGNITION BY CHILDREN OF INVERTED PHOTOGRAPHS OF FACES1
Brooks, R. M., & Goldstein, A. G. (1963) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-8624.1963.tb05173.x · Cited by 44 · see citing works
An experimental investigation of past experience as a determinant of visual form perception.
Henle, M. (1942) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0056500 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The fusiform face area: a module in human extrastriate cortex specialized for face perception
Kanwisher, N., McDermott, J., & Chun, M. M. (1997) · The Journal of Neuroscience · doi:10.1523/jneurosci.17-11-04302.1997 · Cited by 7,738 · see citing works
Zhao, W., Chellappa, R., Phillips, P. J., & Rosenfeld, A. (2003) · ACM Computing Surveys · doi:10.1145/954339.954342 · Cited by 6,174 · see citing works
The distributed human neural system for face perception
Haxby, J. V., Hoffman, E. A., & Gobbini, M. I. (2000) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(00)01482-0 · Cited by 4,891 · see citing works
Understanding face recognition
Bruce, V., & Young, A. (1986) · British Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.2044-8295.1986.tb02199.x · Cited by 3,900 · see citing works
Human and machine recognition of faces: a survey
Chellappa, R., Wilson, C. L., & Sirohey, S. A. (1995) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/5.381842 · Cited by 2,492 · see citing works
Parts and Wholes in Face Recognition
Tanaka, J. W., & Farah, M. J. (1993) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749308401045 · Cited by 2,179 · see citing works
The many faces of configural processing
Maurer, D. M., Grand, R. L., & Mondloch, C. J. (2002) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/s1364-6613(02)01903-4 · Cited by 2,114 · see citing works
Categorization of Natural Objects
Mervis, C. Β., & Rosch, E. H. (1981) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.ps.32.020181.000513 · Cited by 1,990 · see citing works
The fusiform face area: a cortical region specialized for the perception of faces
Kanwisher, N., & Yovel, G. (2006) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rstb.2006.1934 · Cited by 1,718 · see citing works
Thirty years of investigating the own-race bias in memory for faces: A meta-analytic review.
Meissner, C. A., & Brigham, J. C. (2001) · Psychology Public Policy and Law · doi:10.1037/1076-8971.7.1.3 · Cited by 1,657 · see citing works
Why faces are and are not special: An effect of expertise.
Diamond, R., & Carey, S. E. (1986) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037//0096-3445.115.2.107 · Cited by 1,584 · see citing works
Gaze cueing of attention: visual attention, social cognition, and individual differences
Frischen, A., Bayliss, A. P., & Tipper, S. P. (2007) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.133.4.694 · Cited by 1,473 · see citing works
Expertise for cars and birds recruits brain areas involved in face recognition
Gauthier, I., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Anderson, A. W. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/72140 · Cited by 1,418 · see citing works
Recognizing emotion from facial expressions: psychological and neurological mechanisms
Adolphs, R. (2002) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582302001001003 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
A Unified Account of the Effects of Distinctiveness, Inversion, and Race in Face Recognition
Valentine, T. (1991) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/14640749108400966 · Cited by 1,388 · see citing works
Visual neurones responsive to faces in the monkey temporal cortex
Perrett, D. I., Rolls, E. T., & Caan, W. (1982) · Experimental Brain Research · doi:10.1007/bf00239352 · Cited by 1,386 · see citing works
Configurational Information in Face Perception
Young, A. W., Hellawell, D. J., & Hay, D. C. (1987) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p160747 · Cited by 1,358 · see citing works
Controlling low-level image properties: The SHINE toolbox
Willenbockel, V., Sadr, J., Fiset, D., Horne, G. O., Gosselin, F., & Tanaka, J. W. (2010) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/brm.42.3.671 · Cited by 1,166 · see citing works
Activation of the middle fusiform 'face area' increases with expertise in recognizing novel objects
Gauthier, L., Tarr, M. J., Anderson, A. W., Skudlarski, P., & Gore, J. C. (1999) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/9224 · Cited by 1,195 · see citing works
Schultz, R. T. (2005) · International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience · doi:10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2004.12.012 · Cited by 1,071 · see citing works
Duchaine, B., & Nakayama, K. (2005) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.07.001 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Becoming a “Greeble” Expert: Exploring Mechanisms for Face Recognition
Gauthier, L., & Tarr, M. J. (1997) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(96)00286-6 · Cited by 1,017 · see citing works
Domain specificity in face perception
Kanwisher, N. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77664 · Cited by 968 · see citing works
Peripheral vision and pattern recognition: A review
Strasburger, H., Rentschler, I., & Jüttner, M. (2011) · Journal of Vision · doi:10.1167/11.5.13 · Cited by 939 · see citing works
Shepard, R. N. (1984) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.91.4.417 · Cited by 945 · see citing works
Visual cells in the temporal cortex sensitive to face view and gaze direction
Perrett, D. I., Smith, P., Potter, D. D., Mistlin, A. J., Head, A., Milner, A. D., & Jeeves, M. A. (1985) · Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1098/rspb.1985.0003 · Cited by 932 · see citing works
Piepers, D. W., & Robbins, R. A. (2012) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00559 · Cited by 922 · see citing works
Thinking the voice: neural correlates of voice perception
Belin, P., Fecteau, S., & Bédard, C. (2004) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2004.01.008 · Cited by 908 · see citing works
Is Face Processing Species-Specific During the First Year of Life?
Pascalis, O., de Haan, M. D. H., & Nelson, C. A. (2002) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1070223 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
The fusiform “face area” is part of a network that processes faces at the individual level
Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Moylan, J., Skudlarski, P., Gore, J. C., & Anderson, A. W. (2000) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892900562165 · Cited by 859 · see citing works
(2016) · doi:10.3389/fpsyg · Cited by 801 · see citing works
Rossion, B., Joyce, C. A., Cottrell, G. W., & Tarr, M. J. (2003) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2003.07.010 · Cited by 770 · see citing works
The nature of hemispheric specialization in man
Bradshaw, J. L., & Nettleton, N. C. (1981) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00007548 · Cited by 764 · see citing works
Rossion, B., Gauthier, I., Tarr, M. J., Despland, P., Bruyer, R., Linotte, S., & Crommelinck, M. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200001170-00014 · Cited by 738 · see citing works
Visual Working Memory Represents a Fixed Number of Items Regardless of Complexity
Awh, E., Barton, B., & Vogel, E. K. (2007) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2007.01949.x · Cited by 709 · see citing works
The neural basis of visual body perception
Peelen, M. V., & Downing, P. E. (2007) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn2195 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Previc, F. H. (1990) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x00080018 · Cited by 672 · see citing works
Face Recognition by Humans: Nineteen Results All Computer Vision Researchers Should Know About
Sinha, P., Balas, B., Ostrovsky, Y., & Russell, R. (2006) · Proceedings of the IEEE · doi:10.1109/jproc.2006.884093 · Cited by 674 · see citing works
Moscovitch, M., Winocur, G., & Behrmann, M. (1997) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/jocn.1997.9.5.555 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Tsao, D. Y., & Livingstone, M. S. (2008) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.neuro.30.051606.094238 · Cited by 652 · see citing works
Comparing face patch systems in macaques and humans
Tsao, D. Y., Moeller, S., & Freiwald, W. A. (2008) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0809662105 · Cited by 661 · see citing works
The Effect of Face Inversion on Activity in Human Neural Systems for Face and Object Perception
Haxby, J. V., Ungerleider, L. G., Clark, V. P., Schouten, J. L., Hoffman, E. A., & Martin, A. D. (1999) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80690-x · Cited by 657 · see citing works
Configural Face Processing Develops more Slowly than Featural Face Processing
Mondloch, C. J., Grand, R. L., & Maurer, D. M. (2002) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p3339 · Cited by 654 · see citing works
FFA: a flexible fusiform area for subordinate-level visual processing automatized by expertise
Tarr, M. J., & Gauthier, L. (2000) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/77666 · Cited by 645 · see citing works
Martin Eimer, A. (2000) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(99)00285-0 · Cited by 639 · see citing works
The perception of emotions by ear and by eye
de Gelder, B., & Vroomen, J. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378824 · Cited by 628 · see citing works
The face-specific N170 component reflects late stages in the structural encoding of faces
Martin Eimer, A. (2000) · Neuroreport · doi:10.1097/00001756-200007140-00050 · Cited by 631 · see citing works
Differential attentional guidance by unattended faces expressing positive and negative emotion
Eastwood, J. D., Smilek, D., & Merikle, P. M. (2001) · Perception & Psychophysics · doi:10.3758/bf03194519 · Cited by 607 · see citing works
Features and their configuration in face recognition
Tanaka, J. W., & Sengco, J. A. (1997) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03211301 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
The Uncanny Valley: Effect of Realism on the Impression of Artificial Human Faces
Seyama, J., & Nagayama, R. S. (2007) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.16.4.337 · Cited by 583 · see citing works
Rossion, B., & Jacques, C. (2007) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.10.011 · Cited by 582 · see citing works
Reflexive Visual Orienting in Response to the Social Attention of Others
Langton, S., & Bruce, V. (1999) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/135062899394939 · Cited by 579 · see citing works
PERCEPTION OF BILATERAL CHIMERIC FIGURES FOLLOWING HEMISPHERIC DECONNEXION
Levy, J., Trevarthen, C., & Sperry, R. W. (1972) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/95.1.61 · Cited by 578 · see citing works
Specialization of Neural Mechanisms Underlying Face Recognition in Human Infants
Haan, M. D., Pascalis, O., & Johnson, M. H. (2002) · Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience · doi:10.1162/089892902317236849 · Cited by 553 · see citing works
Picture-plane inversion leads to qualitative changes of face perception
Rossion, B. (2008) · Acta Psychologica · doi:10.1016/j.actpsy.2008.02.003 · Cited by 552 · see citing works
The Face-Inversion Effect as a Deficit in the Encoding of Configural Information: Direct Evidence
Freire, A., Lee, K., & Symons, L. A. (2000) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p3012 · Cited by 549 · see citing works
Itier, R. J., & Taylor, M. J. (2002) · NeuroImage · doi:10.1006/nimg.2001.0982 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Levin, D. T. (2000) · Journal of Experimental Psychology General · doi:10.1037/0096-3445.129.4.559 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Balas, B., Nelson, C. A., Westerlund, A., Vogel‐Farley, V. K., Riggins, T., & Kuefner, D. (2010) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/neuro.09.001.2010 · Cited by 544 · see citing works
When Inverted Faces are Recognized: The Role of Configural Information in Face Recognition
Leder, H., & Bruce, V. (2000) · The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A · doi:10.1080/713755889 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
A Revised Neural Framework for Face Processing
Duchaine, B., & Yovel, G. (2015) · Annual Review of Vision Science · doi:10.1146/annurev-vision-082114-035518 · Cited by 520 · see citing works
Infants' perception of expressive behaviors: differentiation of multimodal information.
Walker-Andrews, A. (1997) · Psychological bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.121.3.437 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
Verbal overshadowing of visual memories: Some things are better left unsaid
Schooler, J. W., & Engstler-Schooler, T. Y. (1990) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(90)90003-m · Cited by 794 · see citing works
Face identity recognition in autism spectrum disorders: A review of behavioral studies
Weigelt, S., Koldewyn, K., & Kanwisher, N. (2011) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2011.12.008 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Differential responses in the fusiform region to same-race and other-race faces
Golby, A. J., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Chiao, J. Y., & Eberhardt, J. L. (2001) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/90565 · Cited by 497 · see citing works
A holistic account of the own-race effect in face recognition: evidence from a cross-cultural study
Tanaka, J. W., Kiefer, M., & Bukach, C. M. (2004) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2003.09.011 · Cited by 496 · see citing works
What's lost in inverted faces?
Rhodes, G., Brake, S., & Atkinson, A. P. (1993) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/0010-0277(93)90061-y · Cited by 487 · see citing works
What do we know about eyewitness identification?
Wells, G. L. (1993) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.48.5.553 · Cited by 485 · see citing works
Beyond sensory images: Object-based representation in the human ventral pathway
Pietrini, P., Furey, M. L., Ricciardi, E., Gobbini, M. I., Wu, C. W. ‐., Cohen, L. G., Guazzelli, M., & Haxby, J. V. (2004) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0400707101 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Eye movements are functional during face learning
Henderson, J. M., Williams, C. C., & Falk, R. J. (2005) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03195300 · Cited by 484 · see citing works
Holistic Processing Is Finely Tuned for Faces of One's Own Race
Michel, C., Rossion, B., Han, J., Chung, C.-S., & Caldara, R. (2006) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01752.x · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Yovel, G., & Kanwisher, N. (2004) · Neuron · doi:10.1016/j.neuron.2004.11.018 · Cited by 450 · see citing works
Unfamiliar faces are not faces: Evidence from a matching task
Megreya, A. M., & Burton, A. M. (2006) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/bf03193433 · Cited by 454 · see citing works
Holistic and part‐based face recognition in children with autism
Joseph, R. M., & Tanaka, J. W. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00142 · Cited by 449 · see citing works
Can generic expertise explain special processing for faces?
McKone, E., Kanwisher, N., & Duchaine, B. (2006) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2006.11.002 · Cited by 444 · see citing works
Reed, C. L., Stone, V. E., Bozova, S., & Tanaka, J. W. (2003) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/1467-9280.14431 · Cited by 442 · see citing works
Effects of face inversion on the structural encoding and recognition of faces
Martin Eimer, A. (2000) · Cognitive Brain Research · doi:10.1016/s0926-6410(00)00038-0 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
A face feature space in the macaque temporal lobe
Freiwald, W. A., Tsao, D. Y., & Livingstone, M. S. (2009) · Nature Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nn.2363 · Cited by 441 · see citing works
Multinomial modeling and the measurement of cognitive processes.
Riefer, D. M., & Batchelder, W. H. (1988) · Psychological Review · doi:10.1037/0033-295x.95.3.318 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
The effect of face inversion on the human fusiform face area
Kanwisher, N., Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1998) · Cognition · doi:10.1016/s0010-0277(98)00035-3 · Cited by 434 · see citing works
Eye Movement Strategies Involved in Face Perception
Walker-Smith, G. J., Gale, A. G., & Findlay, J. M. (1977) · Perception · doi:10.1068/p060313 · Cited by 426 · see citing works
Figural aftereffects in the perception of faces
Webster, M. A., & MacLin, O. H. (1999) · Psychonomic Bulletin & Review · doi:10.3758/bf03212974 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Are faces perceived as configurations more by adults than by children?
Carey, S. E., & Diamond, R. (1994) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506289408402302 · Cited by 422 · see citing works
Spatio-temporal localization of the face inversion effect: an event-related potentials study
Rossion, B. (1999) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0301-0511(99)00013-7 · Cited by 420 · see citing works
Development of face recognition: A maturational component?
Carey, S., Diamond, R., & Woods, B. (1980) · Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1037/0012-1649.16.4.257 · Cited by 417 · see citing works
Robust representations for faces: Evidence from visual search.
Tong, F., & Nakayama, K. (1999) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.25.4.1016 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
The Human Face as a Dynamic Tool for Social Communication
Jack, R. E., & Schyns, P. G. (2015) · Current Biology · doi:10.1016/j.cub.2015.05.052 · Cited by 405 · see citing works
The own-age bias in face recognition: A meta-analytic and theoretical review.
Rhodes, M. G., & Anastasi, J. S. (2011) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0025750 · Cited by 403 · see citing works
Training ‘greeble’ experts: a framework for studying expert object recognition processes
Gauthier, L., Williams, P., Tarr, M. J., & Tanaka, J. (1998) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(97)00442-2 · Cited by 401 · see citing works
Bowles, D. C., McKone, E., Dawel, A., Duchaine, B., Palermo, R., Schmalzl, L., Rivolta, D., Wilson, C., & Yovel, G. (2009) · Cognitive Neuropsychology · doi:10.1080/02643290903343149 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
How Does the Brain Process Upright and Inverted Faces?
Rossion, B., & Gauthier, L. (2002) · Behavioral and Cognitive Neuroscience Reviews · doi:10.1177/1534582302001001004 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Congenital prosopagnosia: face-blind from birth
Behrmann, M., & Avidan, G. (2005) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2005.02.011 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Grelotti, D. J., Gauthier, L., & Schultz, R. T. (2002) · Developmental Psychobiology · doi:10.1002/dev.10028 · Cited by 386 · see citing works
Inversion and processing of component and spatial-relational information in faces.
Searcy, J. H., & Bartlett, J. C. (1996) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.22.4.904 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
Familiar and unfamiliar face recognition: A review
Johnston, R., & Edmonds, A. J. (2009) · Memory · doi:10.1080/09658210902976969 · Cited by 380 · see citing works
The emergence of the social brain network: evidence from typical and atypical development
JOHNSON, M. H., GRIFFIN, R., CSIBRA, G., HALIT, H., FARRONI, T., DE HAAN, M., TUCKER, L. A., BARON–COHEN, S., & RICHARDS, J. (2005) · Development and Psychopathology · doi:10.1017/s0954579405050297 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
The composite face illusion: A whole window into our understanding of holistic face perception
Rossion, B. (2013) · Visual Cognition · doi:10.1080/13506285.2013.772929 · Cited by 377 · see citing works
Facial motion in the perception of faces and of emotional expression.
Bassili, J. N. (1978) · Journal of Experimental Psychology Human Perception & Performance · doi:10.1037//0096-1523.4.3.373 · Cited by 369 · see citing works
Overcoming interference: An fMRI investigation of pattern separation in the medial temporal lobePreprint
Kirwan, C. B., & Stark, C. E. L. (2007) · Learning & Memory · doi:10.1101/lm.663507 · Cited by 361 · see citing works
Facial Discrimination and Emotional Recognition in Schizophrenia and Affective Disorders
Feinberg, T. E. (1986) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1986.01800030094010 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
- Authors
- Yin, R. K.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Yin, Robert K.
- Venue
- Journal of Experimental Psychology
- Published
- 1969-07
- Volume
- 81
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 141-145
- ISSN
- 0022-1015 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1983006628
- Cited by
- 2,624
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 64 · 2025: 62 · 2024: 65 · 2023: 81 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 81 · 2020: 95 · 2019: 93 · 2018: 85 · 2017: 78 · 2016: 101 · 2015: 105 · 2014: 125 · 2013: 131 · 2012: 122
- FWCI
- 5.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Experimental Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Face Recognition and Perception
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Face recognition and analysis
- Keywords
- face recognition (cognition), face memory, inverted faces, orientation, visual perception, object recognition, familiarity, recognition memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review