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The effect of the Neolithic expansion on European molecular diversity
Open accessAbstract
We performed extensive and realistic simulations of the colonization process of Europe by Neolithic farmers, as well as their potential admixture and competition with local Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. We find that minute amounts of gene flow between Palaeolithic and Neolithic populations should lead to a massive Palaeolithic contribution to the current gene pool of Europeans. This large Palaeolithic contribution is not expected under the demic diffusion (DD) model, which postulates that agriculture diffused over Europe by a massive migration of individuals from the Near East. However, genetic evidence in favour of this model mainly consisted in the observation of allele frequency clines over Europe, which are shown here to be equally probable under a pure DD or a pure acculturation model. The examination of the consequence of range expansions on single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) diversity reveals that an ascertainment bias consisting of selecting SNPs with high frequencies will promote the observation of genetic clines (which are not expected for random SNPs) and will lead to multimodal mismatch distributions. We conclude that the different patterns of molecular diversity observed for Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA can be at least partly owing to an ascertainment bias when selecting Y chromosome SNPs for studying European populations.
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“In addition, range expansions occurred not only during the OOA expansion (7) but also during other prehistoric periods (31).”
From Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“Therefore, multiple population movements during recent human history could have contributed to shaping NE ancestry across time and space because distinct expanding populations can carry various levels of NE ancestry (20, 31, 39).”
From Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“According to the expansion hypothesis (19), as HGs spread over Europe, their NE introgression levels increased because of a combination of stochastic demographic and migratory processes related to gene dilution (20, 31, 39) and gene surfing (22, 23), which explain the spatial gradients of NE ancestry observed in HGs (Fig. 5).”
From Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
In the citing paper
“In Europe, both the early human expansion during the Paleolithic and the farming expansion during the Neolithic trace back to southwest Asia (31), where we estimated the lowest level of NE ancestry.”
From Past human expansions shaped the spatial pattern of Neanderthal ancestry (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Currat, M., & Excoffier, L.
- Affiliations
- University of Geneva (CH)
- University of Bern (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Currat, Mathias
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2005-04
- Volume
- 272
- Issue
- 1564
- Pages
- 679-688
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC1602044
- OpenAlex
- W2168355684
- Cited by
- 210
- References
- 66
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 15 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 11.73
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (acceptedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Forensic and Genetic Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic diversity and population structure
- Social Sciences › Cultural Studies › Language and cultural evolution
- Keywords
- Neolithic expansion, demic diffusion, Neolithic farmers, admixture, allele frequency clines, ascertainment bias, mismatch distribution, Y chromosome, mitochondrial DNA, molecular diversity, range expansion, acculturation model
- MeSH terms
- Computer Simulation, Demography, DNA, Mitochondrial, Europe, Gene Frequency, Genetics, Population, Humans, Models, Genetic, Genetic Variation, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Chromosomes, Human, Y, White People
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