A mathematical model of exposure of non-target Lepidoptera to Bt-maize pollen expressing Cry1Ab within Europe
Open accessAbstract
Genetically modified (GM) maize MON810 expresses a Cry1Ab insecticidal protein, derived from Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), toxic to lepidopteran target pests such as Ostrinia nubilalis. An environmental risk to non-target Lepidoptera from this GM crop is exposure to harmful amounts of Bt-containing pollen deposited on host plants in or near MON810 fields. An 11-parameter mathematical model analysed exposure of larvae of three non-target species: the butterflies Inachis io (L.), Vanessa atalanta (L.) and moth Plutella xylostella (L.), in 11 representative maize cultivation regions in four European countries. A mortality-dose relationship was integrated with a dose-distance relationship to estimate mortality both within the maize MON810 crop and within the field margin at varying distances from the crop edge. Mortality estimates were adjusted to allow for physical effects; the lack of temporal coincidence between the susceptible larval stage concerned and the period over which maize MON810 pollen is shed; and seven further parameters concerned with maize agronomy and host-plant ecology. Sublethal effects were estimated and allowance made for aggregated pollen deposition. Estimated environmental impact was low: in all regions, the calculated mortality rate for worst-case scenarios was less than one individual in every 1572 for the butterflies and one in 392 for the moth.
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Modern Bt maize varieties based on transformation events other than event 176, such as MON810 and Bt11, express very low levels of Cry1Ab in the pollen.
“Modern Bt maize varieties based on other transformation events (e.g., MON810, Bt11) express very low levels of Cry1Ab in the pollen (Perry et al., 2010;Shelton and Sears, 2001).”
From Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control (2019) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2010
During pollen shed, butterfly larvae are likely to ingest certain amounts of pollen grains together with their food plant.
“During the period of pollen shed, butterfly larvae are likely to ingest certain amounts of pollen grains together with their food plant (Perry et al., 2010;Schuppener et al., 2012;Shelton and Sears, 2001).”
From Genetically engineered crops help support conservation biological control (2019) · cites this paper as Perry et al., 2010
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- Authors
- Perry, J. N., Devos, Y., Arpaia, S., Bartsch, D., Gathmann, A., Hails, R. S., Kiss, J., Lheureux, K., Manachini, B., Mestdagh, S., Neemann, G., Ortego, F., Schiemann, J., & Sweet, J. B.
- Affiliations
- Oaklands Barn, Lug's Lane, Broome, Norfolk NR35 2HT, UK
- European Food Safety Authority (IT)
- National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development (IT)
- Federal Office of Consumer Protection and Food Safety (DE)
- UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology (GB)
- Magyar Agrár- és Élettudományi Egyetem (HU)
- University of Palermo (IT)
- Büro für Landschaftsökologie und Umweltstudien, Wiesenstraße 8, 37073 Göttingen, Germany
- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
- Julius Kühn-Institut (DE)
- Sweet Environmental Consultants, 6 The Green, Willingham, Cambridge CB24 5JA, UK
- Corresponding author
- Perry, J. N.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2010-01-06
- Volume
- 277
- Issue
- 1686
- Pages
- 1417-1425
- ISSN
- 0080-4649 (ISSN-L)
- 0962-8452
- 1471-2954
- PMC
- PMC2871945
- OpenAlex
- W2095774538
- Cited by
- 91
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 17.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Nova Science Publishers (Nova Science Publishers, Inc.) (submittedVersion)
- NERC Open Research Archive (Natural Environment Research Council) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Natural Environment Research Council (CEH010021)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Insect Science › Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Keywords
- Bt maize, MON810, Cry1Ab, pollen exposure, environmental risk assessment, larval mortality, sublethal effects, pollen deposition, field margins, peacock butterfly, red admiral, Plutella xylostella, genetically modified crops, Europe
- MeSH terms
- Bacillus thuringiensis Toxins, Animals, Bacillus thuringiensis, Bacterial Proteins, Butterflies, Zea mays, Endotoxins, Hemolysin Proteins, Lepidoptera, Models, Biological, Pest Control, Biological, Pollen, Risk Assessment, Plants, Genetically Modified
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