The DOI matches its Crossref record; 82 of the 82 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biofouling: lessons from nature
Abstract
Biofouling is generally undesirable for many applications. An overview of the medical, marine and industrial fields susceptible to fouling is presented. Two types of fouling include biofouling from organism colonization and inorganic fouling from non-living particles. Nature offers many solutions to control fouling through various physical and chemical control mechanisms. Examples include low drag, low adhesion, wettability (water repellency and attraction), microtexture, grooming, sloughing, various miscellaneous behaviours and chemical secretions. A survey of nature's flora and fauna was taken in order to discover new antifouling methods that could be mimicked for engineering applications. Antifouling methods currently employed, ranging from coatings to cleaning techniques, are described. New antifouling methods will presumably incorporate a combination of physical and chemical controls.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Bacterial biofilms: from the Natural environment to infectious diseases
Hall-Stoodley, L., Costerton, J. W., & Stoodley, P. (2004) · Nature Reviews Microbiology · doi:10.1038/nrmicro821 · Cited by 7,143
Purity of the sacred lotus, or escape from contamination in biological surfaces
Barthlott, W., & Neinhuis, C. (1997) · Planta · doi:10.1007/s004250050096 · Cited by 6,860
Biofilms as Complex Differentiated Communities
Stoodley, P., Sauer, K., Davies, D. G., & Costerton, J. W. (2002) · Annual Review of Microbiology · doi:10.1146/annurev.micro.56.012302.160705 · Cited by 3,158
Characterization and Distribution of Water-repellent, Self-cleaning Plant Surfaces
NEINHUIS, C. (1997) · Annals of Botany · doi:10.1006/anbo.1997.0400 · Cited by 2,848
Banerjee, I., Pangule, R. C., & Kane, R. S. (2011) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.201001215 · Cited by 2,749
Design and Creation of Superwetting/Antiwetting Surfaces
Feng, X. J., & Jiang, L. (2006) · Advanced Materials · doi:10.1002/adma.200501961 · Cited by 2,030
Bhushan, B., & Jung, Y. C. (2011) · Progress in Materials Science · doi:10.1016/j.pmatsci.2010.04.003 · Cited by 1,989
Self-citationBiofilms and Device-Associated Infections
Donlan, R. M. (2001) · Emerging Infectious Diseases · doi:10.3201/eid0702.010226 · Cited by 1,504
Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology
(2010) · Springer Handbooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-02525-9 · Cited by 1,473
Biomimetics: lessons from nature–an overview
Bhushan, B. (2009) · Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences · doi:10.1098/rsta.2009.0011 · Cited by 1,361
Self-citation
Cited by
Biomolecular sensors for advanced physiological monitoring
Flynn, C. D., Chang, D., Mahmud, A., Yousefi, H., Das, J., Riordan, K. T., Sargent, E. H., & Kelley, S. O. (2023) · Nature Reviews Bioengineering · doi:10.1038/s44222-023-00067-z · Cited by 226
Pankratov, D., González‐Arribas, E., Blum, Z., & Shleev, S. (2016) · Electroanalysis · doi:10.1002/elan.201501116 · Cited by 135
Samuel, O., Othman, M. H. D., Kamaludin, R., Sinsamphanh, O., Abdullah, H., Puteh, M. H., Kurniawan, T. A., Li, T., Ismail, A. F., Rahman, M. A., et al. (2022) · Journal of Environmental Management · doi:10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114556 · Cited by 129
(2017) · PubMed
Metadata
- Authors
- Bixler, G. D., & Bhushan, B.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2012-05-28
- Volume
- 370
- Issue
- 1967
- Pages
- 2381-2417
- ISSN
- 1364-503X (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2962
- OpenAlex
- W2138694534
- Cited by
- 587
- References
- 82
- FWCI
- 33.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Biofouling: lessons from nature. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1098/rsta.2011.0502
- The paper
- Bixler, G. D., & Bhushan, B. (2012). Biofouling: lessons from nature. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2011.0502
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
