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The genetic basis of XX-XY differences present before gonadal sex differentiation in the mouse
Abstract
There is now a substantial body of data showing that in eutherian mammals (mouse, rat, cow and man) XY conceptuses are developmentally more advanced (and consequently larger) than XX conceptuses of equivalent gestational age. This developmental difference is already discernible in the preimplantation period and it has been suggested that the more advanced development of XY embryos may be a consequence of the preimplantation expression of Y chromosomal genes such as Sry or Zfy. In the present paper sex-chromosomally variant mice were used to analyse the genetic basis of XX-XY differences as manifest at 10.5 days post coitum. The results show that the XX-XY difference is due to a combination of a Y chromosome effect and an effect of the difference in X chromosome constitution (2X v 1X). The Y effect is not dependent on the presence of Sry. In the light of this and other studies, it is concluded that the Y chromosome of most mouse strains carries a factor which accelerates preimplantation development and that the resulting developmental advantage is carried over into the postimplantation period. The retarding effect of two X chromosomes is then superimposed on this Y effect subsequent to the blastocyst stage but prior to 9.5 days post coitum.
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“Questions regarding the effects of X and Y gene imbalance have been explored over the past decade, and the data suggests that X and Y gene dose discrepancies account for several sex-biased phenotypes in the brain and periphery (Arnold, 2004; Arnold et al., 2016; Burgoyne et al., 1995).”
From Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axes: sex differences in regulation of stress responsivity (2017) · cites this paper as Burgoyne et al., 1995
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Metadata
- Authors
- Burgoyne, P. S., Thornhill, A. R., Boudrean, S. K., Darling, S. M., Bishop, C. E., & Evans, E. P.
- Affiliations
- National Institute for Medical Research (GB)
- MRC Mammalian Development Unit, Wolfson House, 4 Stephenson Way, London NW1 2HE, U. K.
- University College London (GB)
- Inserm (FR)
- MRC Radiobiology Unit, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0RD, U. K.
- ORCID
- Burgoyne, P. S.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 1995-11-29
- Volume
- 350
- Issue
- 1333
- Pages
- 253-261
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- OpenAlex
- W2119156348
- Cited by
- 168
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 15 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 1.66
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Reproductive Biology and Fertility
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- preimplantation embryo development, Y chromosome, SRY, ZFY, mouse embryo, developmental rate, X chromosome dosage, gonadal sex differentiation, blastocyst
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Body Weight, Female, Embryonic and Fetal Development, Gonads, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Sex Determination Analysis, X Chromosome, Y Chromosome, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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