Molecular genetics of xanthophyll-dependent photoprotection in green algae and plants
Open accessAbstract
The involvement of excited and highly reactive intermediates in oxygenic photosynthesis inevitably results in the generation of reactive oxygen species. To protect the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage, xanthophyll pigments are involved in the quenching of excited chlorophyll and reactive oxygen species, namely 1Chl*, 3Chl*, and 1O2*. Quenching of 1Chl* results in harmless dissipation of excitation energy as heat and is measured as non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of chlorophyll fluorescence. The multiple roles of xanthophylls in photoprotection are being addressed by characterizing mutants of Chlarnydomonas reinhardtii and Arabidopsis thaliana. Analysis of Arabidopsis mutants that are defective in 1Chl* quenching has shown that, in addition to specific xanthophylls, the psbS gene is necessary for NPQ. Double mutants of Chlamydomonas and Arabidopsis that are deficient in zeaxanthin, lutein and NPQ undergo photo-oxidative bleaching in high light. Extragenic suppressors of the Chlamydomonas npq1 lor1 double mutant identify new mutations that restore varying levels of zeaxanthin accumulation and allow survival in high light.
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- Authors
- Baroli, I., & Niyogi, K. K.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Berkeley (US)
- Corresponding author
- Niyogi, Krishna K.
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2000-10-29
- Volume
- 355
- Issue
- 1402
- Pages
- 1385-1394
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC1692874
- OpenAlex
- W1992191509
- Cited by
- 164
- References
- 78
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 12 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 0.12
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Searle Scholars Program
- National Institutes of Health
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM58799-01)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Photosynthetic Processes and Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Plant Stress Responses and Tolerance
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Plant biochemistry and biosynthesis
- Keywords
- xanthophylls, photoprotection, non-photochemical quenching, reactive oxygen species, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis thaliana, PSB, zeaxanthin, lutein, high light stress, extragenic suppressors
- MeSH terms
- Chlorophyta, Animals, Oxidoreductases, Photosynthesis, Lutein, Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Arabidopsis, Reactive Oxygen Species, Oxidative Stress, PrPC Proteins, beta Carotene, Xanthophylls, Zeaxanthins
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