The DOI matches its Crossref record; 49 of the 49 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Place illusion and plausibility can lead to realistic behaviour in immersive virtual environments
Open accessAbstract
In this paper, I address the question as to why participants tend to respond realistically to situations and events portrayed within an immersive virtual reality system. The idea is put forward, based on the experience of a large number of experimental studies, that there are two orthogonal components that contribute to this realistic response. The first is 'being there', often called 'presence', the qualia of having a sensation of being in a real place. We call this place illusion (PI). Second, plausibility illusion (Psi) refers to the illusion that the scenario being depicted is actually occurring. In the case of both PI and Psi the participant knows for sure that they are not 'there' and that the events are not occurring. PI is constrained by the sensorimotor contingencies afforded by the virtual reality system. Psi is determined by the extent to which the system can produce events that directly relate to the participant, the overall credibility of the scenario being depicted in comparison with expectations. We argue that when both PI and Psi occur, participants will respond realistically to the virtual reality.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“VEs provide the user with the sensation of being located within the environment, contributing to the psychological sense of presence or “being there” [20].”
From Examining the Use of Virtual Reality to Support Mindfulness Skills Practice in Mood and Anxiety Disorders: Mixed Methods Study (2024) · cites this paper as [20]
In the citing paper
“Recently, Slater [81] also argued that presence at least has two independent components: place illusion and plausibility.”
From A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Self-Reported Presence and Anxiety in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [81]
In the citing paper
“Both place illusion and plausibility contribute to realistic responses in the virtual environment.”
From A Meta-Analysis on the Relationship between Self-Reported Presence and Anxiety in Virtual Reality Exposure Therapy for Anxiety Disorders (2014) · cites this paper as [81]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Rubber hands ‘feel’ touch that eyes see
Botvinick, M., & Cohen, J. (1998) · Nature · doi:10.1038/35784 · Cited by 4,410
A sensorimotor account of vision and visual consciousness
O'Regan, J. K., & Noë, A. (2001) · Behavioral and Brain Sciences · doi:10.1017/s0140525x01000115 · Cited by 3,126
Slater, M., & Wilbur, S. (1997) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1997.6.6.603 · Cited by 3,034
Self-citationSurround-screen projection-based virtual reality
Cruz‐Neira, C., Sandin, D. J., & DeFanti, T. A. (1993) · ACM SIGGRAPH Conference (SIGGRAPH) · doi:10.1145/166117.166134 · Cited by 2,400
Noë, A. (2005) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 1,876
From presence to consciousness through virtual reality.
Sanchez-Vives, M. V., & Slater, M. (2005) · Nature reviews. Neuroscience · doi:10.1038/nrn1651 · Cited by 1,831
Self-citationBeing There: The Subjective Experience of Presence
Heeter, C. (1992) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.2.262 · Cited by 1,457
Musings on Telepresence and Virtual Presence
Sheridan, T. B. (1992) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1992.1.1.120 · Cited by 1,344 · cited 4×
“…referred to as telepresence or presence— the ‘sense of being there’ in the environment depicted by the virtual reality system (Held & Durlach 1992; Sheridan 1992; Barfield & Weghorst 1993; Sheridan 1996; Slater & Wilbur 1997; Draper et al. 1998; Bystrom et al. 1999; Sanchez-Vives & Slater 2005).”
BackgroundInfluentialDepth of Presence in Virtual Environments
Slater, M., Usoh, M., & Steed, A. (1994) · Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments · doi:10.1162/pres.1994.3.2.130 · Cited by 1,342
Self-citationThe rubber hand illusion revisited: visuotactile integration and self-attribution
Tsakiris, M., & Haggard, P. (2005) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance · doi:10.1037/0096-1523.31.1.80 · Cited by 1,328
Research works printed but not linked: 3
- Barfield W., 1993, Human–computer interaction: software and hardware interfaces, 699
- Minsky M., 1980, Telepresence, Omni, 45
- Pan X., 2007, Paper read at PRESENCE 2007: The 10th Annual International Workshop on Presence, at Barcelona
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,006
The sentiment of a virtual rock concert
Slater, M., Cabriera, C., Şenel, G., Banakou, D., Beacco, A., Oliva, R., & Gallego, J. (2022) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-022-00685-9 · Cited by 35
Self-citationNagendran, A., Compton, S. N., Follette, W. C., Golenchenko, A., Compton, A., & Grizou, J. (2022) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-022-26326-4 · Cited by 33
Copresence in Virtual Environments
Campos‐Castillo, C. (2012) · Sociology Compass · doi:10.1111/j.1751-9020.2012.00467.x · Cited by 33
5. Neural Mechanisms of Bodily Self-Consciousness and the Experience of Presence in Virtual Reality
Herbelin, B., Salomon, R., Serino, A., & Blanke, O. (2015) · doi:10.1515/9783110471137-005 · Cited by 39
Zhang, R., Peng, F., & Gwilt, I. (2024) · Digital Creativity · doi:10.1080/14626268.2024.2398457 · Cited by 32
“Immersive technology provides users with a high quality or quantity of sensory information, emphasizing the sensory experience (Slater 2009).”
Immersive Notification Framework
Zenner, A., Speicher, M., Klingner, S., Degraen, D., Daiber, F., & Krüger, A. (2018) · CHI Conference Extended Abstracts on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI EA) · doi:10.1145/3170427.3188505 · Cited by 32
WoaH: A Virtual Reality Work-at-Height Simulator
Loreto, C. D., Chardonnet, J.-R., Ryard, J., & Rousseau, A. (2018) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2018.8448292 · Cited by 32
Quantitative Measurement of Tool Embodiment for Virtual Reality Input Alternatives
Alzayat, A., Hancock, M., & Nacenta, M. A. (2019) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3290605.3300673 · Cited by 35
Giglioli, I. A. C., Vidal, C. B., & Alcañíz, M. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02529 · Cited by 39
Eye movements to absent objects during mental imagery and visual memory in immersive virtual reality
Chiquet, S., Martarelli, C., & Mast, F. W. (2020) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-020-00478-y · Cited by 32
MoveBox: Democratizing MoCap for the Microsoft Rocketbox Avatar Library
González-Franco, M., Egan, Z., Peachey, M., Antley, A., Randhavane, T., Panda, P., Zhang, Y., Wang, C. Y., Reilly, D. F., Peck, T. C., et al. (2020) · IEEE International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Virtual Reality (AIVR) · doi:10.1109/aivr50618.2020.00026 · Cited by 32
Floris, C., Solbiati, S., Landreani, F., Damato, G., Lenzi, B., Megale, V., & Caiani, E. G. (2020) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s20247168 · Cited by 32
Peck, T. C., Good, J. J., & Seitz, K. R. (2021) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2021.3067767 · Cited by 32
Reen, F. J., Jump, O., McSharry, B. P., Morgan, J. G., Murphy, D., O’Leary, N. D., O’Mahony, B., Scallan, M. F., & Supple, B. (2021) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2021.670909 · Cited by 38
Globa, A., Beza, B. B., & Wang, R. (2022) · Expert Systems with Applications · doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2022.117614 · Cited by 32
Embodied virtual geographies: Linkages between bodies, spaces, and digital environments
Osborne, T., & Jones, P. (2022) · Geography Compass · doi:10.1111/gec3.12648 · Cited by 33
Turchet, L. (2015) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-015-0267-3 · Cited by 32
Immersive Process Model Exploration in Virtual Reality
Zenner, A., Makhsadov, A., Klingner, S., Liebemann, D., & Krüger, A. (2020) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2020.2973476 · Cited by 31
Christofi, M., Michael‐Grigoriou, D., & Kyrlitsias, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01242 · Cited by 31
Águila, J. D. Á., Gualda, L. M. G., Játiva, M. A., Fernández-Sotos, P., Fernández‐Caballero, A., & García, A. S. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.675515 · Cited by 31
Moriuchi, E., & Murdy, S. (2022) · Psychology and Marketing · doi:10.1002/mar.21650 · Cited by 34
Use of Virtual Reality in Psychiatric Diagnostic Assessments: A Systematic Review
Geraets, C. N. W., Wallinius, M., & Sygel, K. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychiatry · doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2022.828410 · Cited by 37
Neural sources of prediction errors detect unrealistic VR interactions
Gehrke, L., Lopes, P., Klug, M., Akman, S., & Gramann, K. (2022) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2552/ac69bc · Cited by 31
Li, N., Du, J., González, V. A., & Chen, J. (2022) · Journal of Construction Engineering and Management · doi:10.1061/(asce)co.1943-7862.0002367 · Cited by 31
QuickVR: A standard library for virtual embodiment in unity
Oliva, R., Beacco, A., Navarro, X., & Slater, M. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.937191 · Cited by 30
Self-citationVirtual Reality for Criminologists: A Road Map
van Gelder, J.-L. (2023) · Crime and Justice · doi:10.1086/726691 · Cited by 31
“Research indicates that psychological transportation to the VR may occur on very brief timescales; it may only be a matter of moments before users react toward the virtual world as if it were real (e.g., Slater 2009; Slater and Sanchez-Vives 2016; Pan and Hamilton 2018).”
BackgroundMergen, M., Junga, A., Risse, B., Valkov, D., Graf, N., Marschall, B., & Medical Tr.AI.Ning Consortium (2023) · German Medical Science GMS Publishing House · doi:10.3205/zma001600 · Cited by 31
“Slater calls “place illusion” and “plausibility illusion” which – when both occur – lead to a realistic response by the participant in virtual reality [11].”
BackgroundIndustrial Metaverse: Enabling Technologies, Open Problems, and Future Trends
Zhang, S., Li, J., Shi, L. X., Ding, M., Nguyen, D. C., Chen, W., & Han, Z. (2025) · IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials · doi:10.1109/comst.2025.3563919 · Cited by 30
“Efficient resource allocation and computation offloading are realized while privacy is guaranteed.”
Reiners, T., Teräs, H., Chang, V., Wood, L. C., Gregory, S., Gibson, D., Petter, N., & Teräs, M. (2014) · eSpace (Curtin University) · Cited by 30
The design of virtual audiences: Noticeable and recognizable behavioral styles
Kang, N., Brinkman, W., van Riemsdijk, M. B., & Neerincx, M. A. (2015) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.008 · Cited by 36
Eyewitness Memory in Face-to-Face and Immersive Avatar-to-Avatar Contexts
Taylor, D. A., & Dando, C. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00507 · Cited by 32
The Effects of Motion Artifacts on Self-Avatar Agency
Koilias, A., Mousas, C., & Anagnostopoulos, C. (2019) · Informatics · doi:10.3390/informatics6020018 · Cited by 30
Brübach, L., Westermeier, F., Wienrich, C., & Latoschik, M. E. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2022.3150496 · Cited by 30
WebVR meets WebRTC: Towards 360-degree social VR experiences
Gunkel, S. N. B., Prins, M. J., Stokking, H. M., & Niamut, O. A. (2017) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2017.7892377 · Cited by 30
Cuperus, A. A., Klaassen, F., Hagenaars, M. A., & Engelhard, I. M. (2017) · European Journal of Psychotraumatology · doi:10.1080/20008198.2017.1338106 · Cited by 36
Ehrlich, N. (2021) · Edinburgh University Press eBooks · doi:10.1515/9781474463386 · Cited by 31
Learning by teaching in immersive virtual reality – Absorption tendency increases learning outcomes
Chiquet, S., Martarelli, C., Weibel, D., & Mast, F. W. (2022) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2022.101716 · Cited by 29
Long, J. W., Masters, B., Sajjadi, P., Simons, C. T., & Masterson, T. D. (2023) · Frontiers in Nutrition · doi:10.3389/fnut.2023.1170311 · Cited by 32
“Extended Reality technologies vary significantly in their level of immersion depending on their display and interactivity characteristics (21).”
BackgroundChristiansen, F. R., Hollensberg, L. N., Jensen, N. B., Julsgaard, K., Jespersen, K. N., & Nikolov, I. A. (2024) · ACM Symposium on Virtual Reality Software and Technology (VRST) · doi:10.1145/3641825.3687716 · Cited by 29
“Additionally, we implemented head tracking to ensure that NPCs gaze at the player upon entering a specific proximity, as this is known to increase presence [55].”
Mai, C., & Khamis, M. (2018) · ACM International Symposium on Pervasive Displays (PerDis) · doi:10.1145/3205873.3205879 · Cited by 29
Culture and vision in virtual reality narratives
Mills, N. V., Courtney, M., DEDE, C. J., Dressen, A., & Gant, R. (2020) · Foreign Language Annals · doi:10.1111/flan.12494 · Cited by 39
Harrington, M. C. R., Bledsoe, Z., Jones, C., Miller, J., & Pring, T. (2021) · Multimodal Technologies and Interaction · doi:10.3390/mti5040018 · Cited by 29
Exploring the Use of Virtual Reality for the Delivery and Practice of Stress-Management Exercises
Soh, D. J. H., Ong, C. H., Fan, Q., Seah, D., Henderson, S., Jeevanandam, L., & Doshi, K. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.640341 · Cited by 25
The Influence of Avatar Embodiment on Time Perception - Towards VR for Time-Based Therapy
Unruh, F., Landeck, M., Oberdörfer, S., Lugrin, J.-L., & Latoschik, M. E. (2021) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2021.658509 · Cited by 33
Gu, X., Li, S., Yi, K., Yang, X., Liu, H., & Wang, G. (2022) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2022.3184986 · Cited by 31
Virtual reality for geospatial education: immersive technologies enhance sense of embodiment
Bagher, M. M., Sajjadi, P., Wallgrün, J. O., Femina, P. C. L., & Klippel, A. (2022) · Cartography and Geographic Information Science · doi:10.1080/15230406.2022.2122569 · Cited by 33
Plechatá, A., Hielkema, M. H., Merkl, L.-M., Makransky, G., & Frøst, M. B. (2024) · Environmental Communication · doi:10.1080/17524032.2024.2334727 · Cited by 32
“Immersive VR allows us to visit distant places, have superpowers, or travel in time while feeling that what is happening is real and that it is happening to us (Blascovich & Bailenson, 2011; Slater, 2009).”
A holistic quality taxonomy for virtual reality experiences
Hameed, A., Möller, S., & Perkis, A. (2024) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2024.1434016 · Cited by 28
Effectiveness of virtual reality in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Systematic review
Alvarado‐Omenat, J. J., Llamas‐Ramos, R., García‐García, D., Correyero‐León, M., Fonseca‐Sánchez, E., & Llamas‐Ramos, I. (2024) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.35258 · Cited by 28
Kishore, S., Navarro, X., Bourdin, P., Or-Berkers, K., Friedman, D. A., & Slater, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Robotics and AI · doi:10.3389/frobt.2016.00065 · Cited by 31
Self-citationChagué, S., & Charbonnier, C. (2016) · Virtual Reality International Conference · doi:10.1145/2927929.2927945 · Cited by 28
Harth, J. (2017) · Journal of Virtual Worlds Research · doi:10.4101/jvwr.v10i2.7272 · Cited by 31
LeMo: Supporting Collaborative Music Making in Virtual Reality
Men, L., & Bryan–Kinns, N. (2018) · IEEE VR Workshop on Sonic Interactions for Virtual Environments (SIVE) · doi:10.1109/sive.2018.8577094 · Cited by 28
Effects of Virtual Reality in Patients Undergoing Dialysis: Study Protocol.
Burrai, F., Othman, S., Brioni, E., Micheluzzi, V., Luppi, M., Apuzzo, L., Zotti, G. D. D., & Manna, G. L. (2019) · Holistic Nursing Practice · doi:10.1097/hnp.0000000000000330 · Cited by 24
Johnston, D., Egermann, H., & Kearney, G. A. (2019) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app9153152 · Cited by 28
Investigating the Novelty Effect in Virtual Reality on STEM Learning
Huang, W. (2020) · Cited by 28
Immersive Virtual Reality for Clinical Pain: Considerations for Effective Therapy
Donegan, T., Ryan, B. E., Świdrak, J., & Sanchez-Vives, M. V. (2020) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2020.00009 · Cited by 28
Going to the movies in VR: Virtual reality cinemas as alternatives to in-person co-viewing
Szita, K., Moss-Wellington, W., Sun, X., & Ch’ng, E. (2023) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2023.103150 · Cited by 33
“” In terms of the specific viewing circumstances, items were based on previous research regarding place and plausibility illusion (Slater, 2009; Usoh et al., 2000; Witmer and Singer, 1998).”
MethodThe Relationship Between Presence and Trust in Virtual Reality
Salanitri, D., Lawson, G., & Waterfield, B. C. (2016) · European Conference on Cognitive Ergonomics · doi:10.1145/2970930.2970947 · Cited by 28
Blackmore, R., Giles, C., Tremain, H., Kelly, R., Foley, F., Fletcher, K., Nedeljkovic, M., Wadley, G., Seabrook, E., & Thomas, N. (2024) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/45640 · Cited by 27
“VEs provide the user with the sensation of being located within the environment, contributing to the psychological sense of presence or “being there” [20].”
Psychiatric interventions in virtual reality: why we need an ethical framework
MARLOTH, M., CHANDLER, J., & VOGELEY, K. (2020) · Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics · doi:10.1017/s0963180120000328 · Cited by 26
Leading presence-based strategies to manipulate user experience in virtual reality environments
Caldas, O. I., Sánchez, N., Mauledoux, M., Sánchez, O. F. A., & Rodriguez‐Guerrero, C. (2022) · Virtual Reality · doi:10.1007/s10055-022-00645-3 · Cited by 27
Metacrime and Cybercrime: Exploring the Convergence and Divergence in Digital Criminality
Zhou, Y., Tiwari, M., Bernot, A., & Lin, K. (2024) · Asian Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1007/s11417-024-09436-y · Cited by 39
“The concept of immersion narrows the experiential chasm between cyberspace and the real world by fostering a sense of presence or plausibility (Slater, 2009).”
The Effects of Indirect Real Body Cues of Irrelevant Parts on Virtual Body Ownership and Presence
Jung, S., & Hughes, C. E. (2016) · Journal of International Crisis and Risk Communication Research · doi:10.2312/egve.20161442 · Cited by 26
Improving robot teleoperation experience via immersive interfaces
Almeida, L., Menezes, P., & Dias, J. (2017) · Experiment@ International Conference · doi:10.1109/expat.2017.7984414 · Cited by 26
Harth, J., Hofmann, A. D., Karst, M., Kempf, D., Ostertag, A., Przemus, I., & Schaefermeyer, B. (2018) · IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine · doi:10.1109/mce.2018.2816218 · Cited by 27
Daffern, H., Camlin, D. A., Egermann, H., Gully, A. J., Kearney, G. A., Neale, C., & Rees-Jones, J. (2018) · International Journal of Performance Arts and Digital Media · doi:10.1080/14794713.2018.1558807 · Cited by 29
Within a Virtual Crowd: Exploring Human Movement Behavior during Immersive Virtual Crowd Interaction
Nelson, M., Koilias, A., Gubbi, S., & Mousas, C. (2019) · ACM SIGGRAPH International Conference on Virtual-Reality Continuum and its Applications in Industry (VRCAI) · doi:10.1145/3359997.3365709 · Cited by 27
Hadjipanayi, C., & Michael‐Grigoriou, D. (2020) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04145 · Cited by 27
Assessment of threat and negativity bias in virtual reality
Baker, C., Pawling, R., & Fairclough, S. H. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-74421-1 · Cited by 32
Buck, L. E., Park, S., & Bodenheimer, B. (2020) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr46266.2020.00053 · Cited by 27
Presence and Communication in Hybrid Virtual and Augmented Reality Environments
Li, Y., Ch'ng, E., Cobb, S., & See, S. (2019) · PRESENCE: Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00340 · Cited by 27
Quintana, M. G. B., & Sandoval-Henríquez, F. J. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su132212780 · Cited by 27
Immersive Journalism: Advantages, Disadvantages and Challenges from the Perspective of Experts
Damas, S. H., & de Gracia, M. J. B. (2022) · Journalism and Media · doi:10.3390/journalmedia3020024 · Cited by 27
Joyful Adventures and Frightening Places–Designing Emotion-Inducing Virtual Environments
Steinhaeusser, S. C., Oberdörfer, S., von Mammen, S., Latoschik, M. E., & Lugrin, B. (2022) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2022.919163 · Cited by 27
Embodying Physics-Aware Avatars in Virtual Reality
Tao, Y., Wang, C. Y., Wilson, A. D., Ofek, E., & González-Franco, M. (2023) · CHI Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · doi:10.1145/3544548.3580979 · Cited by 34
Azevedo, A. S., Jorge, J. A., & Campos, P. (2014) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres_a_00205 · Cited by 27
Burnar: Involuntary heat sensations in augmented reality
Weir, P., Sandor, C., Swoboda, M., Nguyen, T., Eck, U., Reitmayr, G., & Day, A. (2013) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2013.6549357 · Cited by 28
Bruder, G., Steinicke, F., Bolte, B., Wieland, P., Harald Frenz, A., & Lappe, M. (2012) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2012.10.007 · Cited by 27
Knowledge Encoding in Game Mechanics: Transfer-Oriented Knowledge Learning in Desktop-3D and VR
Oberdörfer, S., & Latoschik, M. E. (2019) · International Journal of Computer Games Technology · doi:10.1155/2019/7626349 · Cited by 27
Effects of P300-Based BCI Use on Reported Presence in a Virtual Environment
Groenegress, C., Holzner, C., Guger, C., & Slater, M. (2010) · PRESENCE Virtual and Augmented Reality · doi:10.1162/pres.19.1.1 · Cited by 27
Self-citationVirtual reality applications in neurorehabilitation
Weiss, P. L., Kizony, R., Feintuch, U., Rand, D., & Katz, N. (2014) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511995590.021 · Cited by 27
Virtual Reality and Communication
Markowitz, D. M., & Bailenson, J. N. (2019) · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199756841-0222 · Cited by 27
Technical Potentials for the Visualization in Virtual Reality
Vetter, M. (2020) · RaumFragen: Stadt - Region - Landschaft · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-30956-5_17 · Cited by 26
Pfaller, M. A., Kroczek, L. O. H., Lange, B., Fülöp, R., Müller, M., & Mühlberger, A. (2021) · Frontiers in Virtual Reality · doi:10.3389/frvir.2021.741138 · Cited by 26
Rózsa, S., Hargitai, R., Láng, A., Osváth, A., Hupuczi, E., Tamás, I., & Kállai, J. (2022) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2022.931955 · Cited by 33
Simple and Efficient? Evaluation of Transitions for Task-Driven Cross-Reality Experiences
Feld, N., Bimberg, P., Weyers, B., & Zielasko, D. (2024) · IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics · doi:10.1109/tvcg.2024.3356949 · Cited by 26
“For example, VR allows for a higher place illusion than a Desktop-PC [10] in the real environment stage, but precise interactions and text entries are usually more difficult to perform [11], [12].”
BackgroundThe Effect of Haptic Prediction Accuracy on Presence
Gall, D., & Latoschik, M. E. (2018) · IEEE Conference on Virtual Reality and 3D User Interfaces (VR) · doi:10.1109/vr.2018.8446153 · Cited by 27
Sound design inducing attention in the context of audiovisual immersive environments
Salselas, I., Penha, R., & Bernardes, G. (2020) · Personal and Ubiquitous Computing · doi:10.1007/s00779-020-01386-3 · Cited by 33
Breitkreuz, K. R., Kardong‐Edgren, S., Gilbert, G. E., Anderson, P., DeBlieck, C. J., Maske, M., Hallock, C., Lanzara, S., Parrish, K., Rossler, K. L., et al. (2021) · Clinical Simulation in Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ecns.2020.10.003 · Cited by 26
Giglioli, I. A. C., Gálvez, B. P., Granados, A. G., & Alcañíz, M. (2021) · Cyberpsychology Behavior and Social Networking · doi:10.1089/cyber.2020.0560 · Cited by 24
Oberdörfer, S., Birnstiel, S., Latoschik, M. E., & Grafe, S. (2021) · Frontiers in Education · doi:10.3389/feduc.2021.693012 · Cited by 26
Bystander Affiliation Influences Intervention Behavior: A Virtual Reality Study
Rovira, A., Southern, R., Swapp, D., Campbell, C., Zhang, J., Levine, M., & Slater, M. (2021) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/21582440211040076 · Cited by 27
Self-citationExperimental Evidence on the Robustness of Coaching Supports in Teacher Education
Cohen, J., Wong, V. C., Krishnamachari, A., & Erickson, S. (2023) · Educational Researcher · doi:10.3102/0013189x231198827 · Cited by 33
“Digitally mediated simulations, used widely in other professions, such as aviation and medicine, offer realistic and standardized practice spaces that can be embedded into coursework, providing a platform to practice, receive coaching, and “try again” (Slater, 2009).”
BackgroundThe Golden Rule as a Paradigm for Fostering Prosocial Behavior With Virtual Reality
Slater, M., & Banakou, D. (2021) · Current Directions in Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/09637214211046954 · Cited by 28
Self-citationLearning in metaverse: the immersive atelier model of the architecture studio
Sopher, H., & Lescop, L. (2023) · Archnet-IJAR · doi:10.1108/arch-10-2022-0213 · Cited by 17
Augmented Reality in Medical Education: A Mixed Methods Feasibility Study
George, O., J.Foster, J., Xia, Z., & Jacobs, C. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.36927 · Cited by 26
Automatic imitation in a rich social context with virtual characters
Pan, X., & Hamilton, A. F. D. C. (2015) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00790 · Cited by 25
Pietroni, E., Pagano, A., & Fanini, B. (2018) · Studies in Digital Heritage · doi:10.14434/sdh.v2i1.24634 · Cited by 25
Wu, D.-Y., & Lin, J. T. (2018) · Communication Research Reports · doi:10.1080/08824096.2018.1525349 · Cited by 25
Metadata
- Authors
- Slater, M.
- Affiliations
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ES)
- Corresponding author
- Slater, Mel
- ORCID
- Slater, Mel
- Venue
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences
- Publisher
- The Royal Society
- Published
- 2009-12-12
- Volume
- 364
- Issue
- 1535
- Pages
- 3549-3557
- ISSN
- 0962-8436 (ISSN-L)
- 1471-2970
- PMC
- PMC2781884
- OpenAlex
- W2145839404
- Cited by
- 2,691
- References
- 49
- Citations by year
- 2026: 408 · 2025: 338 · 2024: 254 · 2023: 322 · 2022: 278 · 2021: 224 · 2020: 208 · 2019: 176 · 2018: 141 · 2017: 68 · 2016: 69 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 44 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 31
- FWCI
- 45.74
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Dipòsit Digital de la Universitat de Barcelona (Universitat de Barcelona) (acceptedVersion)
- UCL Discovery (University College London) (submittedVersion)
- RECERCAT (Consorci de Serveis Universitaris de Catalunya) (submittedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Flow Experience in Various Fields
- Keywords
- presence, immersive virtual reality, sensorimotor contingencies
- MeSH terms
- Behavior, Humans, Reality Testing, Space Perception, User-Computer Interface, Visual Perception
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
