Cited by 204Herpesvirus Infections and TreatmentsAnimal Virus Infections StudiesViral-associated cancers and disorders

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Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues.

Welch, H. M., Bridges, C. G., Lyon, A. M., Griffiths, L., Edington, N.·1992·Journal of General Virology

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Abstract

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and co-cultivation were used to identify the lymphoreticular system as the site of latency of equid herpesvirus I (EHV-1). Primers for PCR were designed from aligned nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein gB genes to amplify the same region of both the EHV-1 and EHV-4 genomes. Subsequent restriction digests using specific enzymes distinguished the amplified fragments of the EHV-1 genome from those of the EHV-4 genome. Ten weeks following an experimental infection of five ponies with EHV-1, latent virus was detected by PCR and recovered by co-cultivation, predominantly from lymphoid tissues draining the respiratory tract. Significantly, latent EHV-1 also persisted in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Latent EHV-4, presumably from a preceding natural infection, was also detected in some tissues, including PBL, from all animals. Of additional interest was the recovery of EHV-1 and -4 only in the presence of the ubiquitous EHV-2.

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Background
Latent equine herpesvirus infections in horses
Hamzah, H. B. (2008) · Murdoch University Research Portal · Cited by 2
Herpés virus en pathologie équine : connaissances actuelles et perspectives
Fortier, G. D., Pitel, P., Maillard, K., & Pronost, S. L. (2003) · Bulletin de l Académie vétérinaire de France · doi:10.4267/2042/47626 · Cited by 2
Ocular Manifestations of Systemic Disease
Stewart, A. S., Wotman, K. L., Martabano, B. B., & Davis, J. L. (2022) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119782285.ch13 · Cited by 2
Development of an In-House ELISA for Serological Detection of Equine Herpesvirus-1/4 Antibodies in Turkish Horses
Şahinkesen, İ., & Dağalp, S. B. (2025) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani15172523 · Cited by 1
“Stress factors such as transportation, pregnancy, or corticosteroid administration can trigger reactivation of the latent virus [11–13].”
Important viral, bacterial and parasitic agents of the equine reproductive tract and their diagnostic detection
Lorenz, N., Homuth, M., Köllmann, M., Epe, C., & Strutzberg‐Minder, K. (2006) · Pferdeheilkunde Equine Medicine · doi:10.21836/pem20060401 · Cited by 1
Exogenous Expression of Equine MHC Class I Molecules in Mice Increases Susceptibility to Equine Herpesvirus 1 Pulmonary Infection
Minato, E., Aoshima, K., Kobayashi, A., Ohnishi, N., Sasaki, N., & Kimura, T. (2019) · Veterinary Pathology · doi:10.1177/0300985819834616 · Cited by 1
Investigation of Selected Prevalence Factors Associated with EHV-2 and/or EHV-5 Infection in Horses with Acute Onset of Fever and Respiratory Signs
James, K. E., Chappell, D. E., Craig, B., Pariseau, C., Wright, C. A., van Harreveld, P. D., Barnum, S. M., & Pusterla, N. (2025) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v17050612 · Cited by 1
Respiratory pathogens in thoroughbred foals up to one year of age on a stud farm in South Africa
Picard, J.-L. (2007) · UpSpace Institutional Repository (University of Pretoria) · Cited by 1
Another fence jumped in the EHV‐1 stakes
Edington, N. (1994) · Equine Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1111/j.2042-3306.1994.tb04046.x · Cited by 1
Self-citation
DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW ALLELIC DISCRIMINATION REAL-TIME PCR ASSAY FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF EQUINE HERPESVIRUS-1 AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE VIRULENCE DETERMINANTS OF THE VIRUS
Smith, K. L. (2013) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky)
Infecção experimental em cavalos pelo herpesvírus eqüino tipo 1: aspectos clínicos e detecção do agente pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase
Mori, Ê. (2005) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2005.tde-18102006-123602
Prevalence of gammaherpesvirus infections in foals and their dams the first year after birth
Stefánsdóttir, S. B. (2013)
Detection of phocine herpesvirus 1 in seals from populations in different environments
Roth, S. J. (2012) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-4766
Development of a vectored equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) vaccine against pandemic influenza A virus (09/H1N1)
Said, A. (2013) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-10249
Virological and molecular biological characterization of Equid Herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) isolates from Germany
Fritsche, A.-K. (2015) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-15596
EHV-1 gene63 is not essential for in vivo replication in horses and mice, nor does it affect reactivation in the horse: Short Communication
Iqbal, J., Purewal, A., & Edington, N. (2001) · Acta Veterinaria Hungarica · doi:10.1556/004.49.2001.4.11
“These samples were examined in vitro using the following methods: (a) co-cultivation (Welch et al., 1992), (b) co-cultivation with the addition of IL2 and PWM (Welch et al.”
MethodInfluentialSelf-citation
Untersuchungen zur Pathogenese der neurologischen Form der EHV-1 Infektion des Pferdes unter Einbeziehung von EHV-4 und -9 und besonderer Berücksichtigung von zirkulierenden Immunkomplexen
Böttner, D. (2010) · Universitätsbibliothek der FU Berlin Hochschulschriftenstelle u. Dokumentenserver · doi:10.17169/refubium-14280
The development of a diagnostic gene chip for detecting five kinds of viruses in horses
Lai-hua, Z., Liang, C., Lu, C., Wu, H., Yuan-jie, Y., Feng-zhong, M., Wang, S., & Hong-guang, Y. (2006) · Chinese Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology · doi:10.1079/cjb2006112
Is Latent Equine Herpesvirus Type 1 (EHV-1) Reactivated by Triggering Activation of the Unfolded Protein Response in Equine Peripheral Blood Leukocytes?
Marzo, A. D. (2013) · University Library - University of Saskatchewan (University of Saskatchewan)
Gedruckt mit Genehmigung des Fachbereichs Veterinärmedizin der Freien Universität Berlin
Brunnberg, L., Staufenbiel, R., Zessin, K.-H., & Fries, R. (2009)
Detection of Antibodies against Equine Herpes Virus-1 and Equine Herpes Virus-4 in Horses in Southeast Anatolia by Indirect Elisa
Avcı, O., Yavru, S., Tokgoz, S., & Kale, M. (2014) · Redalyc (Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México)
Efficacy of antiviral drug combinations against equine herpes virus type 1 in vitro
Nandjou, M. E. (2015) · Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium) · doi:10.13016/m2wd98
Infecção experimental em cavalos pelo herpesvírus eqüino tipo 1: aspectos clínicos e detecção do agente pela reação em cadeia pela polimerase
Paulo, S. (2005)
Research and characterization of selected pathogens of cutaneous and mucocutaneous lesions in cetaceans from the Brazilian coast
Yagüe, C. S. (2018) · Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations (Universidade de São Paulo) · doi:10.11606/t.10.2018.tde-22112017-154020
Detection of equine herpesvirus infection: conventional versus molecular approaches
Abdullah, N., Zeshan, B., Redhuan, N. E. M., Mohamed, M., & Daud, N. H. A. (2018) · UMS Institutional Repository (Universiti Malaysia Sabah)
Modulation of Inflammatory Cytokine, Chemokine, and Toll-Like Genes and Transcriptome Analysis of Equine Endothelial Cells Following Infection with Equid Herpesvirus-1, and Equine Arteritis Virus.
Dunuwille, S. W. (2019) · UKnowledge (University of Kentucky) · doi:10.13023/etd.2019.388
“These two genetically very different viruses share some interesting similarities in their disease manifestation and clinical outcomes (establishment of latent or persistent infections[5; 6; 342], respiratory and/or reproductive tract diseases[5; 6; 15; 1719; 27; 34; 38; 88; 89; 169] and abortions in pregnant mares[5;…”
Background
Ocular Infections
Colitz, C. M. H., & Kuonen, V. J. (2007) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4160-2406-4.50015-6
Serological and Molecular Investigation of Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Equine Herpesviruses in Horses at Southwestern Saudi Arabia
Alqahtani, A. S. (2020) · American Journal of Animal and Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3844/ajavsp.2020.240.244
“Latent EHV‐1 and EHV‐4 are widespread in the equines and the site of latency is mainly the lymph nodes of the respiratory tract (Edington et al., 1994; Pusterla et al., 2010; Welch et al., 1992).”
Background
SEROREVELATION OF ANTIBODIES OF EQUINE HERPESVIRUS (EHV1/EHV4) IN SYRIA
الطويل, ح., قلب اللوز, ،. ع. ا., & زهير الأحمد, ،. م. (2011) · Assiut Veterinary Medical Journal/Maǧallaẗ Asyūṭ al-ṭibiyyaẗ al-baytariyyaẗ · doi:10.21608/avmj.2011.176859
Characterizing and localizing EHV-1 chronic-persistent infection in the natural host
Samoilowa, S. (2019) · Elektronische Hochschulschriften der LMU München (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) · doi:10.5282/edoc.24696
Construction of an equine antibody library in the single-chain-Fragment-variable format (scFv) to express equine immunoglobulins
Pilger, F. (2021) · doi:10.53846/goediss-8528
Identification of the Promoter Antisense Transcript Enhancing the Transcription of the Equine Herpesvirus-1 Immediate-Early Gene
Maeda, M., Abe, M., Aoshima, K., Kobayashi, A., Fukushi, H., & Kimura, T. (2024) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v16081195
“Latent infections have been reported in the lymphoid and neural tissues [1,2].”
Background

Authors: Welch, H. M., Bridges, C. G., Lyon, A. M., Griffiths, L., & Edington, N.
Affiliations: Royal Veterinary College (GB)
Venue: Journal of General Virology
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Published: 1992-02-01
Volume: 73
Issue: 2
Pages: 261-268
ISSN: 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
1465-2099
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-2-261
OpenAlex: W2165142761
Cited by: 203
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 9.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Keywords: equine herpesvirus 1, viral latency, lymphoid tissue, horses, peripheral blood leukocytes, glycoprotein B gene, restriction fragment length polymorphism, co-culture, viral persistence
MeSH terms: Acute Disease, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, Viral, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Herpesviridae, Herpesviridae Infections, Horse Diseases, Horses, Leukocytes, Lymphoid Tissue, Molecular Sequence Data, Respiratory System, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Restriction Mapping, Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues.

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