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Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues.

Welch, H. M., Bridges, C. G., Lyon, A. M., Griffiths, L., Edington, N.·1992·Journal of General Virology

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Abstract

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and co-cultivation were used to identify the lymphoreticular system as the site of latency of equid herpesvirus I (EHV-1). Primers for PCR were designed from aligned nucleotide sequences of the glycoprotein gB genes to amplify the same region of both the EHV-1 and EHV-4 genomes. Subsequent restriction digests using specific enzymes distinguished the amplified fragments of the EHV-1 genome from those of the EHV-4 genome. Ten weeks following an experimental infection of five ponies with EHV-1, latent virus was detected by PCR and recovered by co-cultivation, predominantly from lymphoid tissues draining the respiratory tract. Significantly, latent EHV-1 also persisted in peripheral blood leukocytes (PBL). Latent EHV-4, presumably from a preceding natural infection, was also detected in some tissues, including PBL, from all animals. Of additional interest was the recovery of EHV-1 and -4 only in the presence of the ubiquitous EHV-2.

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Equine herpesvirus infections in yearlings in South-East Queensland
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“Purewal et al. [34], Welch et al. [ 45 ], Fortier et al. [21], Jolly et al. [28] and Nordengrahn et al. [31] have linked EHV-2 with Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Rhodococcus equi, and S. equi.”
BackgroundResultInfluential
Detection and distribution of ostreid herpesvirus 1 in experimentally infected Pacific oyster spat
Segarra, A., Baillon, L., Faury, N., Tourbiez, D., & Renault, T. (2015) · Journal of Invertebrate Pathology · doi:10.1016/j.jip.2015.11.013 · Cited by 35
Frequency and phenotype of EHV-1 specific, IFN-γ synthesising lymphocytes in ponies: The effects of age, pregnancy and infection
Paillot, R., Daly, J. M., Luce, R., Montesso, F., Davis-Poynter, N. J., Hannant, D., & Kydd, J. H. (2006) · Developmental & Comparative Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.dci.2006.05.010 · Cited by 35
In situ study on the pathogenesis and immune reaction of equine herpesvirus type 1 (EHV‐1) infections in mice
BARTELS, STEINBACH, HAHN, LUDWIG, & BORCHERS (1998) · Immunology · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2567.1998.00451.x · Cited by 34
Replication of equid herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) in the testes and epididymides of ponies and venereal shedding of infectious virus
Tearle, J. P., Smith, K. C., Boyle, M. S., Binns, M. M., LIVESAY, G. J., & Mumford, J. A. (1996) · Journal of Comparative Pathology · doi:10.1016/s0021-9975(96)80073-9 · Cited by 33
Detection and Isolation of Equine Herpesviruses 1 and 4 from Horses in Normandy: an Autopsy Study of Tissue Distribution in Relation to Vaccination Status
Taouji, S., Collobert, C., Gicquel, B., Sailleau, C., Brisseau, N., Moussu, C., Breuil, M. ‐., Pronost, S. L., Borchers, K., & Zientara, S. (2002) · Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series B · doi:10.1046/j.1439-0450.2002.00590.x · Cited by 33
Equine Herpesvirus 1 and 4 Respiratory Disease in the Horse
Mollat, W. H., & Pusterla, N. (2006) · Clinical techniques in equine practice · doi:10.1053/j.ctep.2006.03.014 · Cited by 31
Sequence analysis of the equid herpesvirus 2 chemokine receptor homologues E1, ORF74 and E6 demonstrates high sequence divergence between field isolates
Sharp, E. L., Farrell, H. E., Borchers, K., Holmes, E. C., & Davis-Poynter, N. J. (2007) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.82942-0 · Cited by 31
“It may also serve as a trans-activating factor to trigger or upregulate equid herpesvirus 1 (EHV-1) and equid herpesvirus 4 (EHV-4) reactivation from latency (Purewal et al., 1992; Welch et al., 1992).”
EHV 1-induced abortion in mice and its relationship to stage of gestation
Awan, A. R., Baxi, M. K., & Field, H. J. (1995) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/0034-5288(95)90048-9 · Cited by 31
The first reported outbreak of equine herpesvirus myeloencephalopathy in New Zealand
McFadden, A., Hanlon, D., McKenzie, R., Gibson, I., Bueno, I., Pulford, D. J., Orr, D., Dunowska, M., Stanislawek, W. L., Spence, R. P., et al. (2015) · New Zealand Veterinary Journal · doi:10.1080/00480169.2015.1096853 · Cited by 30
“Primary EHV-1 infection results in establishment of latency (Welch et al. 1992).”
Background
The effect of EHV-1 infection upon circulating leucocyte populations in the natural equine host
McCulloch, J., Williamson, S. A., Powis, S. J., & Edington, N. (1993) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/0378-1135(93)90189-e · Cited by 29
Equine herpesvirus type 1 modified live virus vaccines:quo vaditis?
Rosas, C. T., Goodman, L. B., von Einem, J., & Osterrieder, N. (2006) · Expert Review of Vaccines · doi:10.1586/14760584.5.1.119 · Cited by 28
Expression and function of the equine herpesvirus 1 virion-associated host shutoff homolog
Feng, X., Thompson, Y. G., Lewis, J. B., & Caughman, G. B. (1996) · Journal of Virology · doi:10.1128/jvi.70.12.8710-8718.1996 · Cited by 28
“In addition, EHV-1 establishes latent infections in other tissues, including lymph nodes, peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and the respiratory tract (41, 52).”
Background
Molecular Detection of Equine Herpesvirus Types 1 and 4 Infection in Healthy Horses in Isfahan Central and Shahrekord Southwest Regions, Iran
Hafshejani, T. T., Nekoei, S., Vazirian, B., Doosti, A., Khamesipour, F., & Anyanwu, M. U. (2015) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2015/917854 · Cited by 25
Pathogenesis of equine herpesvirus‐1 infection in the mouse model
Gosztonyi, G., Borchers, K., & Ludwig, H. (2009) · Apmis · doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2008.00008.x · Cited by 25
“tion, the virus establishes latency in the trigeminal ganglia and in lymph nodes draining the respiratory tract (8, 9) and can be reactivated.”
Background
Pathogenesis and clinical signs of equine herpesvirus-1 in experimentally infected ponies in vivo.
Sutton, G. A., Viel, L., Carman, P. S., & Boag, B. L. (1998) · PubMed Central · Cited by 25
Histopathologic Findings Following Experimental Equine Herpesvirus 1 Infection of Horses
Holz, C. L., Sledge, D. G., Kiupel, M., Nelli, R. K., Goehring, L. S., & Hussey, G. S. (2019) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00059 · Cited by 28
“During latency, EHV-1 is predominantly, but not exclusively, recovered in lymphoid tissues draining the upper respiratory tract (16).”
Background
Gammaherpesvirus infections in equids: a review
Marenzoni, M. L., Stefanetti, V., Danzetta, M. L., & Timoney, P. J. (2015) · Veterinary Medicine Research and Reports · doi:10.2147/vmrr.s39473 · Cited by 23
A molecular approach to the identification of cytotoxic T-lymphocyte epitopes within equine herpesvirus 1
Kydd, J. H., Davis-Poynter, N. J., Birch, J., Hannant, D., Minke, J. M. H. M., Audonnet, J.-C., Antczak, D. F., & Ellis, S. A. (2006) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/vir.0.82070-0 · Cited by 22
Genome Sequences of Equid Herpesviruses 2 and 5
Wilkie, G. S., Kerr, K., Stewart, J. P., Studdert, M. J., & Davison, A. J. (2015) · Genome Announcements · doi:10.1128/genomea.00119-15 · Cited by 22
“We thank Neil Edington (then at the Royal Veterinary College, London) for providing EHV2 G9/92 and Wai Kwong Lee and Andrew Carswell (BHF Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University Of Glasgow, Glasgow) for providing Sanger sequencing services.”
MethodInfluential
Comparative studies of the structural proteins and glycoproteins of equine herpesviruses 2 and 5
Agius, C. T., Crabb, B. S., Telford, E. A. R., Davison, A. J., & Studdert, M. J. (1994) · Journal of General Virology · doi:10.1099/0022-1317-75-10-2707 · Cited by 22
Laboratory Diagnosis of Viral Infections
Bourgeois, M. A., & Oaks, J. L. (2013) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-1-4557-0891-8.00012-9 · Cited by 23
Zebra Alphaherpesviruses (EHV-1 and EHV-9): Genetic Diversity, Latency and Co-Infections
Abdelgawad, A., DAMIANI, A. M., Ho, S. Y. W., Strauss, G., Szentiks, C. A., East, M. L., Osterrieder, N., & Greenwood, A. D. (2016) · Viruses · doi:10.3390/v8090262 · Cited by 25
“The ability of herpesviruses to establish lytic and subsequent latent infection is an important epidemiological advantage for the virus to evade the host immune system during the latent phase and to establish a persistent infection [18,19].”
Background
Protective effects of equine herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) glycoprotein B in a murine model of EHV-1-induced abortion
Kukreja, A., Walker, C. M., Fitzmaurice, T. J., Awan, A. R., Love, D. N., Whalley, J. M., & Field, H. J. (1998) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/s0378-1135(98)00211-9 · Cited by 21
A deletion in the gI and gE genes of equine herpesvirus type 4 reduces viral virulence in the natural host and affects virus transmission during cell-to-cell spread
DAMIANI, A. M., Matsumura, T., Yokoyama, N., Mikami, T., & Takahashi, E. (2000) · Virus Research · doi:10.1016/s0168-1702(00)00146-5 · Cited by 20
Equine Herpesviruses: a Brief Review
Kapoor, S. (2014) · Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.14737/journal.aavs/2014/2.2s.46.54 · Cited by 20
Demonstration of Equine Herpesvirus-1 Gene Expression in the Placental Trophoblasts of Naturally Aborted Equine Fetuses
Mukaiya, R., Kimura, T., Ochiai, K., Wada, R., & Umemura, T. (2000) · Journal of Comparative Pathology · doi:10.1053/jcpa.2000.0401 · Cited by 19

Authors: Welch, H. M., Bridges, C. G., Lyon, A. M., Griffiths, L., & Edington, N.
Affiliations: Royal Veterinary College (GB)
Venue: Journal of General Virology
Publisher: Microbiology Society
Published: 1992-02-01
Volume: 73
Issue: 2
Pages: 261-268
ISSN: 0022-1317 (ISSN-L)
1465-2099
DOI: 10.1099/0022-1317-73-2-261
OpenAlex: W2165142761
Cited by: 203
References: 41
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 3
FWCI: 9.59
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Journal of General Virology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Herpesvirus Infections and Treatments
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Viral-associated cancers and disorders
Keywords: equine herpesvirus 1, viral latency, lymphoid tissue, horses, peripheral blood leukocytes, glycoprotein B gene, restriction fragment length polymorphism, co-culture, viral persistence
MeSH terms: Acute Disease, Animals, Base Sequence, DNA, Viral, Herpesvirus 1, Equid, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Herpesviridae, Herpesviridae Infections, Horse Diseases, Horses, Leukocytes, Lymphoid Tissue, Molecular Sequence Data, Respiratory System, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Restriction Mapping, Polymerase Chain Reaction

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Latent equid herpesviruses 1 and 4: detection and distinction using the polymerase chain reaction and co-cultivation from lymphoid tissues.

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